• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2019

This study was conducted to understand the dietary life of North Koreans by analyzing dietary life-related articles published in Joseon Nyeoseong, which is the only women's magazine in North Korea. This study employed content analysis of 769 articles from 1999 to 2017. The major findings of this study were as follows. Out of the 769 articles, 131 (17.0%) were about dietary culture, 541 (70.4%) were about the food and nutrition, and 97 (12.6%) were about food production. The articles emphasized ethnic food and North Koreans ingredients, spices, cooking methods, containers, and etiquette. A variety of foods and ingredients were used to maintain health, as well as to treat common illnesses and health problems. There were 173 recipes mentioned in the magazine, but no foreign food recipes. There were many dishes that could be preserved for a long time such as Kimchi and pickles. For food security, many vegetables and plant-eating animals such as rabbits were cultivated. Overall, the results indicate that North Korea has been maintaining its unique dietary life without being influenced by foreign countries.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.52-64
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among perceived health status, dietary habit and health promoting behaviors of university students. Methods: The subjects were 464 university students. Data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with the PASW 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of perceived health status was 3.24, dietary habit was 2.85 and health promoting behaviors was 2.24. There were significant differences in perceived health status according to gender, BMI, exercise and stress. There were significant differences in dietary habit according to residence, monthly allowance, drinking alcohol, exercise, sleeping hours and stress. In addition there were significant differences in health promoting behaviors according to gender, residence, BMI, smoking and exercise. Also, perceived health status significantly positively correlated between dietary habit and health promoting behaviors. Conclusions: As the results of multiple regression analysis, the related factors of perceived health status of university students were exercise, stress and spiritual growth factor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop multiple health promoting programs considering characteristics of university students. And various strategies have been developed to increase the physical activity should be run.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2017

연구 목적은 초등학생을 대상으로 한 식생활교육의 효과를 성별 학년별로 분석함으로써 식생활교육과 연계한 농촌융복합산업 활성화 방안을 모색하는 것으로 연구 대상은 충청남도 초등학교 8개교 152명이다. 연구 결과, 식생활교육 프로그램 적용 후 점수는 통계적으로 유의미하게 개선되었으며, 밥상머리교육, 바른 식생활 실천, 음식쓰레기 줄이기, 로컬푸드 알기의 네 하위영역도 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 성별 점수는 남 여학생 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 개선되었고, 식생활교육 네 하위영역의 성별 분석 결과도 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었다. 학년별 점수는 모든 학년에서 통계적으로 유의미하게 개선되었고, 식생활교육 네 하위영역의 학년별 분석 결과도 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었다. 본 연구의 식생활교육 프로그램이 식생활 개선에 효과가 있으므로, 초등학생 대상의 교육에 활용 가능하며, 바른 먹거리 선택 능력을 신장시킴으로써 지역 먹거리 소비로 이어질 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was analyzed in various marine organisms of Korea. HCB was detected in all organism samples with residual concentrations from 0.51 to 222 pg/g wet weight. HCB residue was the highest content in crustacean, and followed by bivalves, fish, cephalopods and gastropods. The residues were comparable to or lower than those in marine organisms of other countries. Daily dietary intake of HCB from seafood was estimated to be 13.4 pg/kg body weight/day. The relative contribution of taxonomic group to the total dietary intake of HCB were in the order of crustaceans $(40.1\%)$, bivalves $(34.2\%)$, fish $(23.1\%)$, cephalopods $(2.22\%)$, and gastropods $(0.38\%)$. Daily dietary intake of HCB expressed as toxic equivalent (TEQ) value was estimated to be $1.34\times10^{-3}pg$ TEQ/kg body weight/day. This value did not exceed tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the WHO, the UK toxicity committee and the KFDA. Cancer risk and target hazard quotient (THQ) due to the consumption of the marine organism in Korean adult population were evaluated using the exposure equation of food ingestion. This result suggests that dietary intake of HCB by the consumption of Korean seafood seems to be safe for human health with negligible cancer and non-cancer risks so far.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.528-540
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In a healthy person, from 35 years of age, there is an annual loss of muscle mass at the rate of 1-2% and is associated with a decline in the quality of life. This study aimed to identify the particular dietary patterns associated with the risk of lower lean muscle mass in Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a population-based, continuous cross-sectional annual survey. The participants of the KNHANES IV (2008-2009) and V (2010-2011) were considered for this study. The study sample consisted of 1548 postmenopausal women, aged 45-86 years. Lower lean muscle mass was defined as having appendicular skeletal muscle mass corrected for body weight less than 1 standard deviation of the young reference group aged 20 to 39 years in KNHANES IV and V. To identify the dietary pattern using factor analysis, 24-h recall data was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of lower lean muscle mass was 31.3% in this study population. Four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis; 'Diverse', 'Western', 'Traditional', and 'Snacks and beverages'. The 'Western' pattern, highest factor loadings for flour and bread, potatoes, red meat, processed meat, eggs, and cheese, was significantly associated with a high (60%) risk of lower lean muscle mass (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.60 [1.07-2.39], P for trend = 0.01) after adjustments for potential covariates. The other 3 dietary patterns were not associated with lower lean muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that the 'Western' dietary pattern that includes flour and bread, potatoes, red meat, processed meat, eggs, and cheese, may be associated with a higher risk of lower lean muscle mass in Korean postmenopausal women.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Sustainable meal management at home will be affected by the lifestyle of the housewife. This study examined the lifestyle of middle aged women and identified their practice levels of sustainable meal management at home. A total of 438 women, aged 35 to 59, managing the family's dietary life at home and living in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Daejeon, and Chonnan area participated in the survey. The middle aged women showed a higher performance level of hygiene-oriented (4.15) and health-oriented dietary life (3.59), but a less convenience-oriented dietary life (2.57). Based on their lifestyle, 3 clusters were extracted: Low-interest dietary life meal manager, health and quality pursuit meal manager, and convenience and eating-out pursuit active meal manager. Among them, the cluster of health and quality pursuit meal manager showed the highest sustainable practices in 7 dimensions of sustainable practices in the home except for the saving practices (p<0.001). The criteria suggested from the study can be applicable to the guidelines of sustainable meal management at home. The study can also be helpful for educators to identify the education themes for improving housewife's sustainable meal practices, having different lifestyle and sustainable meal practices.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a Dietary Education Program focused on Slow Life (DEPSL) and verified its effectiveness in elementary school children using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The DEPSL was developed effectively according to the systematic program development model, ADDIE. The developed DEPSL was applied to the Education group (EDU), which was total of 130 students aged 12-13 in an elementary school by trained instructors for five weeks. The control group (CON) composed of 100 students of the same age was not given any dietary education. Pre- and post- questionnaires were collected from the students in both groups to compare the change in students' dietary life during educational intervention between EDU and CON. EDU showed significant positive effects in all extended TPB variables (p< .01), but CON showed a significant difference only in the 'knowledge' and 'behavior intention' (p< .05). In addition, the extended TPB model verified its conformity to determine if the effect of education leads to a change in the children's behavior. In conclusion, the DEPSL has a positive impacts on dietary life in school children. Nevertheless, further research will be needed to develop various and specialized dietary education programs with different level of grades in other school areas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.890-900
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• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to collect the baseline data about growth, dietary behaviors, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of children at child care centers for planning nutritional management program. The dietary intakes were measured by weighing method for intakes at child care centers and by dietary records by children\\`s mothers for intakes at home. The weight and height were measured and calculated z-scores by using standard of the same age groups. The children were 163 boys and 168 girls and the mean age were 55.6 months(12-78 months) and 56.0 months(16-78 months). respectively. The Z-score for height(0.33) and weight(0. 11) showed that the growth of children were above average. Nutrients intakes such s energy, protein, fiber, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, niacin of boys from lunch and snack at day care centers were significantly higher than those of girls, and the meals at child care centers provided 20-37% of RDAs. The daily energy intakes were 1332.2kcal(83.1% RDA), protein 44. 26g(109.3% RDA), calcium 437.73mg(72.4% RDA), iron 7.24mg(72.4% RDA), vitamin A 459.6RE(113.1% RDA),vitamin B$_1$ 0.74mg(93.4% RDA), vitamin B$_2$0.79mg(79.7% RDA), niacin 7.66mg(69.9% RDA) and vitamin C 56.84mg(142.1% RDA). The nutrients which more than 50% of subjects ate less than 75% RDA were calcium, iron, niacin, and vitamin B$_2$.The average mean adequacy ratio was 0.80 and mean dietary variety score was 22.42, and those are positively correlated to % RDA of nutrient intakes. In summary, the children using child care centers consumed most nutrients below level of RDA and the nutritional management program at child care center is required to enhance the nutritional status of them. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 890-900, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.252-263
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• 2012

The present study was performed to evaluate dietary behavior, food intake, and satisfaction with food-related life regarding the elderly residing in different regions of Korea. The survey was conducted on 631 individuals over 55 years old in either urban or rural areas. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire including dietary behavior, mini dietary assessment, and a food frequency questionnaire. The average age of the rural elderly was higher than that of the urban elderly whereas, education level and economic status were higher in the urban elderly compared to the rural elderly. The intake of dairy products, meats, instant foods, snacks, and the use of nutrient supplementation were significantly higher in the urban elderly than those of the rural elderly (p = 0.000). The intake of vegetables was significantly higher in the rural elderly (p = 0000). Furthermore, the rural elderly were more satisfied with food-related life and had better balanced diets than those of the urban elderly. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that customized nutritional management and education for adequate meals in different regions should be developed and provided in order to improve the quality of healthy living for the elderly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at examining the association between dietary flavanones intake and lipid profiles according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 502 female T2DM patients (non-MetS group; n = 129, MetS group; n = 373) who were recruited from the Huh's Diabetes Clinic in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2011. The dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the data was analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis program (CAN-Pro) version 4.0 software. The intake of flavanones was estimated on the basis of the flavonoid database. RESULTS: In the multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors, daily flavanones intake was negatively associated with CVD risk factors such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apoB and apoB/apoA1 ratio only in the MetS group but not in the non-MetS group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio above the median (${\geq}0.74$) was significantly low in the $4^{th}$ quartile compared to that in the $1^{st}$ quartile of dietary flavanones intake [OR: 0.477, 95% CI: 0.255-0.894, P for trend = 0.0377] in the MetS group. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary flavanones intake was inversely associated with the apoB/apoA1 ratio, suggesting a potential protective effect of flavanones against CVD in T2DM women with MetS.