• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.661-673
• /
• 2006

Ssireum, the traditional Korean sport, is very popular at both amateur and professional levels. Ssireum players are prone to be obese which related to the chronic disease in their later life. The purpose of the study was to compare the anthropometric measurements, quality of diet, and blood parameters of Ssireum players with those of subjects who were matched body mass index, gender and age. Participants in the 3 groups, Ssireum players (SP, n=15), regular moderate exerciser (RME, n=15, >3 times /wk, >20 min/time) and intermittent light exerciser (ILE, n=14) groups. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat mass (by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), lean body mass, triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness, mid-arm, waist, hip and thigh circumference. Dietary assessments were accomplished using 3-days food records, diet quality index (DQI), dietary variety score (DVS). Blood levels of lipids, leptin and insulin were analyzed. As a results lean body mass and mid-arm circumference were significantly higher in Ssireum players than those of other groups (p<0.01). Total body fat, trunk fat, abdominal skin fold thickness and waist-hip ratio were significantly lower in SP group than those of other groups (p<0.01). DVS were higher however, dietary quality was low in Ssireum players than in other groups. There were no differences among the 3 groups in regard to blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose levels however, leptin level was low in Ssireum players. These results indicate that Ssireum players had significantly higher lean body mess and lower body fat when these were compared with regular moderate exerciser and intermittent light exerciser. Blood leptin levels of Ssireum players were low but blood lipid profiles were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2002

This study was administrated to find the effects of dietary habits and nutrient intakes on the development of cardiovascular disease in the elderly aged over 60. The 40 healthy elderlies(18 males, 22 females) and 40 hospitalized elderlies with the cardiovascular disease(23 males, 17 females) were subjected for the study. Body weight, height, BMI and blood pressure were measured. Also, health behaviors such as exercise, smoking, drinking and dietary habits, frequency of intake lipid food in the past, nutrient intake at the present were assessed by interviews and questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Body weight and the BMI were higher in hospitalized male elderlies significantly than those of healthy male elderlies(p<0.05). But the blood pressure wasn't different between two groups. 2. The ratio of male subjects who do regular exercise was significantly higher in healthy group(p<0.01). And significant difference in the extent of stress was found between two female groups(p<0.05). 3. The amount of meal and salty taste showed significant difference between two female groups(p<0.01) but the other dietary habits such as meat preference were not different between healthy and hospitalized elderlies. 4. Compared with healthy male elderlies, hospitalized male elderlies showed significantly higher frequency of intake of fish in the past(p<0.05) and frequency of intake of lipid food such as pork and chicken was also higher in the hospitalized male elderlies, but no significant difference in nutrient intake at the present was found between healthy and hospitalized elderlies. 5. Nutrient intake of elderlies showed in the average daily intake of energy, Ca, vitamin $B_2$were lower than Korean recommended dietary allowances(CRDA). For female subjects, the cholesterol intake was positively correlated with body weight, meats and eggs intake showed positive correlation with body weight and the BMI(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.459-468
• /
• 1984

The currently accepted model of membrane structure proposes a dynamic, asymmetric lipid matrix of phospholipids and cholesterol with globular proteins embedded across the membrane to various degrees. Most phospholipids are in the bilayer arrangement and also closely associated with integral membrane proteins or loosely associated with peripheral proteins. Biological functions of membrane, such as membrane-bound enzyme functions and transport systems, are influenced by the membrane physical properties, which are determined by fatty acid composition of phospholipids, polar head group composition and membrane cholesterol content. Polar and non-polar region of the phospholipid molecule can interact, with changes in the conformation of a membrane-associated protein altering either its catalytic activity or the protein's interaction with other membrane proteins. Mammalian dietary studies attempted to change the lipid composition of a few cell membranes have shown comparisons, using essential fatty acid-deficient diets. In recent years, Clandinin and a few other workers have pioneered the study proving the influence of dietary fat fed in a nutritionally complete diet on composition of phospholipid classes of cell membrane. Modulation caused by diet fat was rapid and reversible in phospholipid fatty acyl composition of membranes of cardiac mitochondria, liver cell, brain synaptosome and lymphocytes. These changes were at the same time, accompanied by variety of membrane associated functions controlled by membrane-bound enzymes, tranporter and receptor proteins. The findings suggest the basic concept of the necessity of dietary fatty acid balance if consistency of optimal membrane structural lipid composition is to be maintained, as well as the overall inadequacy of describing the nutritional-biochemical quality of a dietary fat solely by its content of linoleic acid. Furthermore, they give light on the possible application to clinical and preventive medicine.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2014

To determine a suitable dietary protein/lipid (CP/CL) ratio in the early juvenile stages of hybrid porgy ($F_1$), female red sea bream (RSB) ${\times}$ male black sea bream, five diets with various CP/CL ratios-60/7, 55/12, 51/17, 46/23, and 41/28-were prepared and provided to juveniles in triplicate. At the smaller juvenile stage, $F_1$, weighing 0.32 g, a significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were seen with 60/7 and 55/12 diets. However, in RSB weighing 0.26 g, SGR and FE were higher with the 60/7 diet than the other diets at $21^{\circ}C$. At the larger juvenile stage, $F_1$, weighing 3.7 g, there was no significant difference in SGR or FE among the diets, but RSB weighing 4.0 g fed 60/7, 55/12, and 51/17 diets had higher SGR and FE than 46/23 and 41/28 diets at $24^{\circ}C$. Moreover, survival and apparent nutrient retention of $F_1$ at both stages were significantly higher than those in RSB. These results indicate that both $F_1$ and RSB weighing ca. 0.3 g require a higher dietary CP/CL than those weighing ca. 4 g. Additionally, $F_1$ in both trials showed the suitability of a lower dietary CP/CL than RSB, indicating that mass production of $F_1$ juveniles will be more economical than RSB.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.515-522
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake, dietary habits and serum lipid profiles of smoking male college students to those of non-smoking subjects. The subjects were composed of two group: 111 smokers and 120 non-smokers was used along with a questionnaire. Anthropometric measure, dietary intakes using 24-hours recall method were compared. The average ages of smokers and non-smokers were 21.6 and 21.1 years old, respectively. The height, weight and BMI of smokers and non-smokers were no significant difference. The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 15.9/d and the average packyear was 4.9 in the smokers. About 92.8% of the smokers drank alcoholic beverages, while 72.5% of the non-smokers did. The smokers tended to eat less breakfast meal, but drink coffee more often compared to the non-smokers. The mean daily energy and food intake were 2,135.8 kcal and 1,169.5 g in the smokers and 2,034.3 kcal and 1,229.4 g in the non-smokers. The smokers consumed significantly higher intake of fat. The serum triglyceride level of the smokers was significantly higher than that of the non-smokers. In conclusion, the smokers of this study showed a more undesirable dietary intake in the light of their high Int an alcoholic beverages, and coffee. Therefore, it could be suggested that more systematic research be conducted with respect to serum triglyceride and smoking and that increased nutrition education and guidelines for smokers are required.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.358-362
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to examine the effect on the contents of dietary fiber, mechanical properties, and sensory quality of bread contained with 10% of high-fiber Camellia (Camellia japonica L.) seed flour. Bread added by dietary fiber was the contents of moisture, protein and ash higher than control bread, while the contents of lipid lower than that of control bread. The high-fiber with Camellia seed flour contained 8.6% soluble dietary fiber, 43.7% insoluble dietary fiber, and 52.3% total dietary fiber. The ratio of insoluble dietary fiber/soluble dietary fiber in the high-fiber with Camelia seed flour was 5 times. Bread with the addition of dietary fiber contained 6.9% total dietary fiber. With the addition of dietary fiber, water absorption , mixing time loaf weight, and hardness increased, but the loaf volume decreased . The sensory quality on bread added by dietary fiber was somewhat low in color, appearance, crumb texture, mouthfeel, flavor and overall preference was higher than that of control bread.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.52-53
• /
• 2001

The dietary effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of various tissues were studied in young chicks. Chicks were fed one of four diets containing 6% tallow (TO), 4% TO-2% CLA, 2% TO-4% CLA or 6% CLA for 3wks. There were no differences in growth performances, but relative liver weight in chicks fed dietary CLA up to 4% was significantly higher than that of 6% TO group. The concentrations of various lipid fractions in serum were not affected by CLA feeding. With the increase in dietary CLA levels, total CLA in liver and leg muscle increased linearly.

• Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

Vascular dementia is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome and is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. Vascular dementia is associated with various environmental, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors. Recent research has focused on the association between vascular dementia and dietary patterns, suggesting that dietary regulation leads to better control of energy metabolism, improvements in brain insulin resistance, and the suppression of neuroinflammation. Intermittent fasting is a calorie-restriction method known to be more effective in promoting fat loss and regulating the impairment of glucose metabolism as compared with other dietary restriction regimens. Herein, the authors review the effects of intermittent fasting with regard to vascular dementia based on recent evidence and propose that intermittent fasting could be a therapeutic approach for ameliorating vascular dementia pathology and preventing its onset.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.118-126
• /
• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) on growth performance and body fat metabolism in broiler chickens. A total of 48 male birds aged 3 days were randomly allotted into three dietary groups; CORN(com oil 1.5%), CLA I (com oil 0.75 %+ CLA 0.75 %) and CLA II(CLA 1.5%) groups. After feeding commercial diet ad libitum for 3 weeks, eight selected birds on the basis of body weight were housed, two birds in a cage, and continuously given ad libitum corresponding experimental diet for another 2 weeks. As a result, dietary addition of CLA did not influence on body weight, gain and feed conversion rote. The relative weights of the liver and deposited fats(abdominal and thigh fat' pads) were not also affected by the dietary treatments. Serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels markedly( P < 0.05) decreased in CLA II compared with those in CORN group. However, serum nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA) was not altered by dietary CLA. Serum leptin level was tended to be decreased by dietary CLA without statistical difference. The diet supplemented with CLA caused a significant(P< 0.05) decrease in hepatic total lipid and NEFA without changing triglyceride level. Also, feeding dietary CLA at the level of 1.5% reduced leptin mRNA expression in the liver and abdominal fats compared with feeding com oil, In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary 1.5% CLA may affect, at least in part, lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens.