• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2021

Methemoglobin is generated by the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron within a hemoglobin molecule. Methemoglobin is unable to bind and transport oxygen, resulting in methemoglobinemia, which can lead to fatal tissue hypoxia. The most common cause of methemoglobinemia is poisoning by oxidizing agents such as dapsone, benzocaine, and primaquine. However, methemoglobinemia can also be caused by normal dietary sources. We present two cases of methemoglobinemia that developed after a normal diet in two male patients. In this case report, the patients suddenly developed dyspnea and cyanosis after eating the same meal. They had no history of suspected poisoning, such as the use of drugs, exposure to chemicals, or gas inhalation. Their symptoms did not improve even after a high dose of oxygen was administered; further, an abnormal 'oxygen saturation gap' was observed. Because of CO-oximetry, the methemoglobin levels of the patients were 50.0% and 46.6%, respectively. We administered methylene blue (1 mg/kg), and the patients recovered completely without any complications. Emergency physicians should, therefore, be aware that methemoglobinemia can also be caused by normal dietary sources. In addition, if the source and route of contamination are unclear, an epidemiological investigation should be conducted.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDS) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) in Korean foods among children in Korea, in comparison with the findings in their mothers. The PCDDs and PCDFs intakes of 24-h diet duplicates were estimated from the previous Korean reports. In Korean children and their mothers of this study, major sources of lipid intake were plant-based foods(62% for children, 66% for their mothers). The women took 34% of lipid from animal sources, among which meats were leading sources of animal lipids(30%). Fish and shellfish were accounted for 4% in total lipid intake. Daily intake of PCDDs and PCDFs in the children md their mothers were 0.002-3.188 and 0.002-2.717 pg WHO-TEQ/day in animal sources and ND-0.283 and ND-0.296 pg WHO-TEQ/day in plant sources, respectively. PCDDs/PCDFs intake from animal origin was the major exposure source for both children and their mothers in Korea. Among the 17 PCDD/Fs congeners, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran was assumed to be the effective exposure marker for diet intake.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of exposure to flutriafol based on residues in pigs. Pigs were exposed to different concentrations (0.313, 0.625, 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg bw/d, n=20) for 4 wk in different treatment groups. Serum biochemical analysis, residue levels, and histological analysis were conducted using the VetTest chemistry analyzer, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. The body weight (initial and final) was not significantly different between groups. Parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and lipase levels were significantly different as compared to the control group. Flutriafol increased the residue limits in individual tissue of the pigs in a dose dependent manner. Flutriafol exposures indicated the presence of fibrosis, as confirmed from Masson's trichrome staining. These results suggest that flutriafol affects the morphology and serum levels in pigs. The dietary flutriafol levels can provide a basis for maximum residue limits and food safety for pork and related products.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2013

대표 농산물 섭취에 따른 친환경유기농자재 rotenone의 노출량 위해성 평가를 위하여 총식이조사(Total Diet Study, TDS)자료를 바탕으로 선정한 대표 농산물인 상추 및 오이에 포장시험을 통한 잔류량을 분석하였다. 상추, 오이의 rotenone 오염도를 확인하기 위해 잔류성 시험결과를 토대로 rotenone의 잔류 모니터링을 실시한 결과, upper bound (UB) 적용 시 평균 0.00~0.68 mg/kg 이었으며, lower bound (LB) 적용 시 평균 0.00~0.45 mg/kg이었다. 전체인구집단에서 평균오염도의 상추, 오이 섭취를 통한 rotenone 위해도는 UB의 경우 0.00~18.41%이었고, LB의 경우 0.00~12.19%로 매우 낮은 수준으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of high temperature and dietary tryptophan (Trp) on performance, selected organ weights and plasma free amino acid (AA) concentrations in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, exposure to $27-33^{\circ}C$ of chickens for 2 weeks from 2 weeks of age did not affect growth and plasma free AA concentration except for a decrease in the concentration of plasma tyrosine (Tyr). In Experiment 2, 2-week-old birds were allocated to one of three temperature treatments; $24^{\circ}C$ (control), $36^{\circ}C$ (heat stress, HS) and $24^{\circ}C$ pair-fed (24PF) for 2 weeks and fed on diets containing 50, 100 and 300% of NRC requirement for Trp. Heat stress caused a reduction of weight gain and feed intake irrespective of dietary Trp levels compared with control counterparts, while feeding of 300% Trp diet did not attenuate the reduced performance by HS exposure. In groups fed the 100% Trp diets, plasma aromatic AA (AAA) and Tyr concentrations were decreased in the HS birds compared with the 24PF group. Plasma concentrations in most of AA groups were increased by HS in chickens fed the 50% Trp diet, while those were not changed by HS in chickens fed the 300% Trp diet, compared with 24PF counterparts. The plasma Trp/LNAA (LNAA=large neutral AAs, which are comprised of BCAA, AAA and Trp) ratio was increased by HS in chickens fed the 100% Trp diet, while it was decreased in chickens fed on 50% Trp diet as compared with 24PF group. From these results, it is suggested that performance and plasma amino acid profile deranged by heat stress are modulated, at least, to be relieved from the heat stress by feeding 50% Trp diet but not at all by feeding 300% Trp diet. The involvement of altered plasma AA profiles, in particular plasma Tyr concentrations and Trp/LNAA ratio, is discussed in association with the performance characteristics of HS chickens.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

Objectives : Arsenic (As) is ubiquitously distributed in the environment and has been known as a human carcinogen. The main source of arsenic exposure in general population is an oral route through As-contaminated water and foods. This study was performed to estimate the daily intake of As from diet and associated factors in Korean adults. Methods : We investigated 590 adults, 249 males and 341 females, with age of 20 years and older, who had not been exposed to the As occupationally. Study subjects were interviewed for demographic characteristics, lifestyles and diets during the last 24 hours. The estimation of As intake daily was based on amount of food consumption and As concentration in each food by using database of As concentrations in 117 food species. Results : Daily As intake was estimated as $56.46\;{\mu}g$/day, $56.60\;{\mu}g$/day in male and $56.36\;{\mu}g$/day in female. As intake was not significant from sex, age group, smoking and alcoholic habits, while was by occupation with the most intake of As in fishery. The daily As intakes was positively correlated with the total food consumption, specifically related with fishes and shellfishes, seaweeds, oils, grains and flavors. About 75% of As intake from diet was contributed by seafoods, such as $32.07\;{\mu}g$/day from fishes & shellfishes and $10.05\;{\mu}g$/day from seaweeds. However, it is necessary to evaluate if the dietary As intake affects on the levels of As in the body. Conclusions : The amount of As intake daily in Korean adults was estimated as $56.46\;{\mu}g$/day, and is determined mainly by diet behavior. The seafoods, such as fishes & shellfishes and seaweeds, is major source of As exposure from diet in Korean.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2010

우리나라 유아들이 비소에 노출된 경우의 인체위해성에 대한 상관관계 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 우리나라 광신인근 지역에서 생산된 백미의 섭취를 통한 비소의 노출을 유아기(1-6세)와 타 연령군으로 나누어 평가하고 해당 연령군의 인체위해성 평가를 확률적 접근법을 이용해 실시하였다. 우리나라 광산인근 지역에서 생산된 백미 섭취를 통한 D아기의 비소 노출량은 체중을 기준으로 했을 때 타 연령군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 피부암에 대한 초과발암위해의 경우 1-2세 군과 3-6세 군의 50% percentile값이 각각 만명 당 1.76명과 3.16명으로 나타났다. 어린이와 같은 아만성기간 동안의 비소 노출에 대한 비발암 기준 참고치(0.005 mg/lg/day)를 적용한 결과 비발암위해도의 평균값 뿐 아니라 고섭취군을 나타내는 95% percentile 값 또한 규제수치인 1.0 이하로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2020

Many benefits of silk protein fibroin (SPF) have been suggested in biomedical applications; and notably, significant SPF effects have been observed for metabolic syndromes that are directly linked to insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on our previous findings, we believe that SPF from spiders exhibits outstanding glucose-lowering effects in diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+Lepr^db mice. In order to evaluate the dietary effects of SPF in diabetic animals, we generated several lines of transgenic rice (TR) that expresses SPF, and the feeding of TR-SPF to diabetic animals decreased blood glucose levels, but did not change insulin levels. Western blot analyses of hepatic proteins showed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression and phosphorylation both decreased in TR-SPF-fed groups, compared with controls. This finding suggests that the glucose-lowering effects in this diabetic animal model might be AMPK-independent. In contrast, six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) was upregulated after TR-SPF exposure. Together with STAMP2, the Akt protein phosphorylation increased after TR-SPF exposure, which indicates that STAMP2 leads to Akt phosphorylation and thus increases insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. Importantly, the hepatic steatosis that was seen in the liver of diabetic mice was remarkably alleviated in TR-SPF-fed mice. Hepatocytes that were immunopositive for STAMP2 were overwhelmingly observed in hepatic tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice compared to the control. Taken together, these results suggest that feeding diabetic mice with TR-SPF upregulates STAMP2 expression and increases Akt phosphorylation in hepatic tissues and thus potentially alleviates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2003

This experiment was planned to develop a functional supplements by food resources to prevent and lessen the bad effects caused by the environmental pollution such as bad food, air, water and heavy metals exposed to people these days. As for Its primary stage, the nutrient profile and sensory characteristics of the duck-extract were evaluated in this study. The duck-extract was formulated by the mixture of bone and internal organs of ducks and 6 medicinal herbs which were able to be used as foods and known to help the excretion and the repression of the poison inside the body for a long time. As we compared the six medicinal herbs mentioned above to the vegetable herbs, the nutrient profile of the medicinal herbs were superior to the vegetable herbs. The duck-extract was composed of protein 49.92%, carbohydrate 37.02%, dietary fiber 20.99%, lipid 7.60% and ash 5.46%. The ratio of Ca to P was 1 : 1.4, which was a suitable ratio for absorption, the contents of Na and K were low and those of micro-elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu high compared to other meat extracts. The essential amino acids accounted for 30.91% of total amino acids. The result of sensory evaluation was better in overall preferences than the ones which are already in the market. From these results, the nutrient profile of the duck-extract was estimated to be able to supply enough nutrients to the people whose nutritional balance was destroyed these days. This study also showed the effective way of using duck-extract and its application to the oriental medicine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

A dietary intake survey in 2 major city area was conducted as a part of the study which determined the level of exposure of people to harmful substances in foodstuff. A total of 800 randomly selected men and women aged 20-49 yr and living in the cities of Seoul and Taegu were invited to participate in the survey. All subjects were interviewed by trained dietitians to answer for demorgraphic characteristics and dietary intake for 1 day by 24hr recall method, and asked to record what day ate for following 2 more days by themselves. Results were analyzed and presented for the amount and frequency of food intake by area, sex body weight. Food consumed most by adults resifing in these 2 city area was rice and followed by kimchi in the amount of 225.7g/persn/day and 85.0g/person/day, respectively. In the list of foods consumed most frequently, items used for condiments were included in addition to rice and kimchi. And the total daily intake of food per person was summed up to be 1, 534g for men and 1, 304g for women. Considerable part of this sexual difference in total intake was originated from the difference in beverage consumption including alcoholic beverages and the higher intake of certain foodstuff due to higher body weight of men. Intake data were presented din terms of per capita and per kg body weight, and compared among adults in different categories of body weight, also. The data gathered here, food intake by individuals, reflect our own dietary culture in terms of food assortment and relative contribution of each food item to total food intake include the consumption of "extreme" eaters might be found useful also especially for the sake of food safety such as risk assessment using ADI and PTWI for contaminants in the food supply.od supply.