• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find out the common characteristics of eating behaviors of the long-lived elderly in order to offer the basic data for establishing dietary guidelines for a long and healthy life for the general population. The subjects were three-hundred elderly people over age 85 living in Kyungpook Sung-ju who have no problems in daily living. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and attitudes, meal patterns, and food preferences of the subjects were surveyed by individual intervies. The levels of the nutrition knowledge of the subjects were very low(average score ; 4.3) and the correlation coefficient between their nutrition knowledge and attitude score was also low(r=0.323, p=0.000). Most of the subjects(93%) had a regular meal pattern consuming three meals a day. The major staple food was rice mixed with other grains(75%) and the number of side dishes was mostly under four(99%). A majority(73%) had no habit of overeating and 51% of the subjects were taking snacks besides regular meals. Thirty one percent of the subjects had drinking habits and 80% of the drinking subjects had over 40 years of drinking history. The most common frequencies for intakes of various food groups were ; more than once a day(95%) for vegetables ; 2∼3 times a week(74%) for green and orange color vegetables ; 2∼3 times a week(72%) for fruits ; once a day(70%) for fish, eggs and legumes ; 2∼3 times a week(49%) for milk ; 2∼3 times a week(72%) for fruits ; once a day(70%) for fish, eggs and legumes ; 2-3 times a week(49%) for milk ; 2-3 times a week(85%) for seaweeds and 2-3 times a week(81%) for foods cooked with oil. The most preferred foods by the subjects were white rice(staple foods), soybean paste soup(soups), beef and eggs(meats and eggs), yellow croaker and hair tail(fish and shellfish), yoghurt(milk and milk products), all vegetables except carrot(vegetables), and watermelon(fruits). The popular food preparation methods included mixing with seasonings and the most preferred taste was sweet. The results showed that the eating pattern of long-lived elderly was characterized by regularity, simplicity, and no overeating.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.293-305
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• 1998

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin $B_2$, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were $57{\sim}59:\;16{\sim}17:\;26{\sim}27$ and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin $B_2$ from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of ${\beta}-carotene$. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p<0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was $38{\sim}43g/day$. Regardless of income class, oleic acid($6.6{\sim}8.4g$) and linoleic acid($6.7{\sim}8.1g$) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p<0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total ${\omega}6$ fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ ratios in all subjects were $0.9{\sim}l.3/1.0{\sim}1.1/1.0$ and $5.2{\sim}7.4/1.0$, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2010

본 연구는 고등학교 1학년 기술 가정 교과의 가정생활문화 변화 단원의 식생활의 변화 중 유전자변형식품의 선택을 학습 주제로 선정하여 실천적문제중심의 가정과 수업을 위한 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하고 평가하였다. ADDIE 교수설계 모형을 적용하였으며, 분석 단계에서 교육 내용에 대한 요구도를 파악하여 학습 목표와 내용을 추출하였다. 설계 및 개발 단계에서는 실천적문제 중심으로 학습 내용을 재구성하고, 수업에 활용할 수 있는 학습자료(학생용 학습 활동지 17종, 학생용 읽기자료 17종, 교사용 읽기자료 3종)를 개발하였다. 1, 2, 3차시는 유전자변형식품에 대한 올바른 정보제공 및 문제해결방안, 4차시는 안전한 식품선택을 위한 소비자로서의 권리 이행과 실천의 학습내용으로 설계하였다. 실행 단계에서는 경기도 분당시 소재의 S고등학교 6개 학급 학생을 대상으로 수업을 실시하였다. 그리고 평가 단계에서는 유전자변형식품에 대한 인식 변화와 학습방법에 대한 학습자 반응을 조사하였다. 그 결과 수업적용 후 유전자변형식품에 대한 관심도가 높아졌으며, 이는 식품구매에 대한 의식의 변화로 이어져 내가 먹는 식품이 유전자변형식품인지의 여부를 확인하겠다는 학생 비율이 증가하여 수업을 통해 학생들의 태도와 마음가짐이 능동적으로 변화되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 학습방법 및 자료에 대하여 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 실천적문제중심 수업 방식이 가정과 교과의 성격에 부합되는 적절한 교수 학습 방법이라는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2006

In order to investigate the adolescent's beverage drinking pattern and its related ecological factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the subjects of 920 middle and high-school students,450 boys and 470 girls, residing in 4 cities of the Chungnam area. Of the subjects 65% liked, or liked very much, beverages and only 3.7% did not like beverages. They drank beverages 4.3 $\pm$ 4.0 times a week on average, but 10.4% of them drank beverages more than twice a day. Male students drank more frequently than the females. The intake frequency of carbonated drinks was 1.7 $\pm$ 2.3 a week which was about 40% of the total beverages. However, more students drank mainly ion beverages (33.6%) than carbonated drinks (28.7%). As the students took more balanced food and ate more regularly, their beverage drinking frequency decreased and those taking carbonated drinks also tended to decrease. The more frequent the students took fast food, the more frequent they drank carbonated beverages. The drinking frequencies for beverages or carbonated beverages were also less in students eating cooked rice with sidedishes as breakfast than in students eating others. The drinking frequency for carbonated drinks showed significant correlations with the students' activities such as the time spent using computers and watching TV got longer, the drinking frequency for soft drinks was also higher. When nutritional knowledge was higher, drinking frequency for carbonated drinks got lower. In conclusion, to make the adolescents improve their attitudes toward drinking beverages and to prevent excessive drinking of carbonated drinks, they should be educated not only on the nutritional knowledge and the proper intake of beverages, but also on good dietary habits including balance, regularity, and types of meals. Proper snacking and fast food consumption also should be taught. Since ion beverages were taken more frequently than carbonated drinks among adolescents, further study is recommended on the impact of excessive intake of ion beverages.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0$\%$. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3$\pm$384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7$\%$, 13.8$\%$, and 23.5$\%$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p〈0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 496-504, 1997)

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.250-266
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• 2015

오늘날 실버세대는 독립된 소비세대로 사회 여러 분야에서 실버외식산업을 급성장시키는 세대이기도 하다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 소비의 주체세력으로 부상하고 있는 실버세대를 대상으로 실버세대에 대한 외식 소비행동에 따른 외식 선택속성과 식습관 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 서울에 거주하는 55세 이상의 실버 연령인 216명을 대상으로 하여 식습관 수준과 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 변인분석은 독립표본 t-검증과 F-검증을 실시하였으며, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 소비태도와 외식소비행동 차이를 알아보기 위하여는 ${\chi}^2$검증을 실시하였다. 분석한 연구 결과를 요약하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 실버세대의 식습관 수준은 3점 만점에 평균 2.02점으로 나타나, 식습관이 어느 정도 양호함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 외식소비태도 차이를 분석한 결과, 식습관 태도가 비교적 양호한 사람들이 불량한 집단보다 물리적인 환경, 메뉴의 다양성, 업체의 품질과 서비스를 찾아서 외식업체를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 외식소비행동 변화를 분석한 결과, 식습관 수준에 따른 외식업체 정보 출처와 외식업체 선택 선정기준 변수에 대해서만 집단 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

This study investigated parents' attitude about children's unbalanced diet. The subjects were 1,309 parents that their children attended at kindergarten or child care center in Kyoung-Ki province. The order of dislikes in 'vegetables and fruits' was as follows: all kinds of vegetables (56.6%), beans (17.6%), fruits (5.2%). In 'meat, fish, poultry', the order of dislikes was meats (38.2%), fishes (21.8%), milk (16.4%), eggs (10.0%). In 'cerelas', the order of dislikes was rice (31.0%), rice cakes (14.3%), noodles (11.9%). The several rationalizations for dislikes are 'taste' (19.1 %), 'food habit from younger age' (18.4%), 'lack of chances for trying new food' (16.0%) etc. To compared children's rationalizations for dislikes to their age group, the percentage of 'lack of chances for trying new food', 'strange food shape', 'lack of nutrition education' was significantly higher in 'below 5 years old' (<5) group than other groups (<6, <7) and 'sweety food' was significantly higher in 'below 7 years old' (<7) group than other groups (<6, <7)(p <0.05). In parents' attitude about children's unbalanced dietary habit, subjects answered that they try to make children understand to eat dislike food (73.9%), develop new recipe for children (14.0%), neglect children's food habit (6.2%). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents age, the percentage of 'try to make children understand to eat dislike food' was significantly higher in 'below 30 years old' (<30) group than other groups ($30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39,\;{\geq}40$) and 'developing new recipe' was significantly higher in 'over 40 years old' (${\geq}40$) group than other groups ($<30,\;30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39$)(p < 0.05). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents' occupation, the percentage of 'neglecting' was higher in employed group and 'developing new recipe' was higher in unemployed group than the other group. According to the results of the survey, it is necessary to make new educational materials for employed parents and young children and develop new recipes to use various kind of foods instead of forcing unpleasant foods on the children for the sake of unbalanced diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.303-318
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• 2020

본 연구는 초등학교의 당 관련 영양교육이 당 섭취에 관한 영양지식과 영양태도, 식행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 평가하기 위해 당 섭취에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 당 교육인지군과 비인지군으로 나누어 영양지식과 식행동에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 분석함으로써 초등학생들의 당류 섭취에 영향을 미치는 요인을 평가하고자 하였으며, 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 본 조사 대상자 중 당 교육을 받았다고 인지한 교육 인지군은 270명 (49.8%) 이었고, 비인지군은 302명 (50.2%) 이었다. 당 교육 인지 여부에 따른 이론적 지식 점수를 보면 교육 인지군 3.67점, 비인지군 3.55점으로 교육 인지군이 비인지군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 바른 행동에 대한 지식 점수는 두 군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 당류 섭취 관련식행동 점수, 음료 선택 및 간식 구매 빈도는 당 교육 인지 여부에 따른 두 군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 영양표시에서 당류 함량을 확인하는 비율은 교육 인지군이 31.2%로 비인지군 15.4%에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 아이들이 즐겨 섭취하는 식품군별 섭취 빈도를 보면 교육 인지군이 비인지군에 비해 무가당 캔디나 젤리류, 생과일류의 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 높았으며, 식품군별 당류 섭취량은 달지 않은 빵류, 흰 우유 및 생과일을 통한 당류 섭취량이 비인지군에 비해 교육 인지군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 당 관련 지식 점수와 식행동 사이의 상관성을 보면 교육 인지군의 경우 식행동 점수, 아이스크림, 초콜릿, 탄산음료를 덜 먹으려는 행동과는 양의 상관성을, 방과 후 간식 구입 빈도, 평균 당류 섭취량과는 음의 상관성을 보였으며, 비인지군의 경우 식행동 점수, 아이스크림, 빵을 먹을 때 잼을 덜 먹는 행동 및 과일 섭취 시 설탕을 덜 먹으려는 식행동과 양의 상관성을, 방과 후 간식구입 빈도 및 당류 섭취량과는 음의 상관성을 보였으나, 비인지군에 비해 교육 인지군에 좀더 높은 상관계수 값을 보였다. 또한 하루 총 당류 섭취량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 교육 인지군에서만 영양(교)사의 교육 여부가 총 당류 섭취량을 감소시키는 요인으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과 당 교육을 인지한 대상자들이 비인지군에 비해 당류 함량이 낮은 식품을 섭취하려고 노력하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 영양교사의 교육 여부가 당류 섭취량에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 분석되고 있다. 그러므로 초등학생들의 당류 섭취량 감소를 위해서는 학교의 영양 전문가인 영양(교)사에 의해 지속적이고, 행동으로 실천할 수 있는 실천 중심의 영양교육이 수행될 필요가 있으며, 학교 현장에서 손쉽게 활용할 수 있는 다양한 형태의 당 관련 영양교육 자료의 개발 및 보급이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain information regarding eating habits, including health related behavior and health food consumption patterns. The subjects of this study were 149 men and 152 women residing in the Ulsan area. We obtained results by means of a questionnaire and an interview, and these were analyzed using the SPSS package program. The results of this study are summarized as follows The average age of the men was 47.6 $\pm$ 7.3 years and of the women was 47.3 $\pm$ 7.6 years old. The average height and weight of the men were 169.4 $\pm$ 5.5 cm and 67.7 $\pm$ 8.2 kg, respectively. Those of the women were 157.6 $\pm$ 5.0 cm and 58.2 $\pm$ 7.5 kg, respectively. The BMI values of all the subjects ranged from 20.0 to 25.0, all within the normal levels. In the case of dietary patterns, 24.3% of the total population always skipped a meal. In particular, 15.9% of the total population skipped breakfast. No time to eat, no appetite, having no taste, and having poor health were themain reasons for skipping meals. With regard to health care, there was a significant difference between the men and the women with respect to smoking and drinking (p<0.001). Of the total population, 40.5% hardly exercised (less than once a week), 26.2% exercised occasionally, 13.6% frequently exercised, and 19.6% exercised almost every day. A total of 60.7% responded that they were not interested in their health. The mean eating habit score of the subjects was 65.6 $\pm$ 9.9. The women had a higher eating habit score than the men (64.0 $\pm$ 9.6 for the men and 67.2 $\pm$ 9.9 for the women). Except for one group above 60 years, the older group had a higher eating habit score than the younger one. The group having a higher income and a more specialized career had a higher eating habit score than the one having a lower income and a less specialized career. There was also a marital difference. The group of single subjects showed a lower eating habit score than the married group. The group having a higher eating habit score drank, smoked and went out for meals less, and exercised more than the group having lower scores. They also were more concerned about their health. In the older group, there were more diabetic and hypertensive individuals. The subjects who had a higher BMI index were more likely to be patients with hypertension, especially in the men's group. Those who had a higher BMI index and hypertension simultaneously took a variety of medicines and foods for promoting health. Those who worried a lot about their health and had health problems tended to take special foods for their health. Patients usually took tonics. Special foods for health included Chinese medicines, tonic foods, vitamin or mineral supplements and manufactured health food supplements. Preferences for them depended on the sex and age of the subject. In the case of tonic foods, the men liked them more than the women. Foods other than tonic foods were favorites with the women. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health related behaviors of middle-aged people. However, further studies are needed to improve the eating habits and to change the nutritional attitudes, so that people can make better choices of health foods.