• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.361-370
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting nursing professionalism in students and develop educational programs. Data were collected from 169 students in G-do, from March 15th to April 30th, 2019. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21.0 for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression. The subjects' moral self was 3.39, moral behavior was 3.72, self-control was 3.68, empathy was 3.53, interpersonal competence was 3.69, and nursing professionalism was 3.90. Nursing professionalism positively correlated with self-control, empathy, and interpersonal competence. The most important factor affecting nursing professionalism was major satisfaction - 'satisfied' (β=.232, p=.002), followed by empathy (β=.222, p=.003) and interpersonal competence (β=.178, p=.016). The explanatory power was 18.5% (F=13.69, p<.001). Therefore, a program promoting major satisfaction, empathy, and interpersonal competence and a customized program considering personality and department adaptation are needed for establishment and enhancement of nursing professionalism. Utilizing the results of this study as basic data for nursing professionalism enhancement program and study confirming enhancement is expected.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.285-295
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting college-based stress and develop stress-relieving educational programs. Data were collected from 169 students in G-province, from June 15th to july 15th, 2020. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21.0 for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression. College-based stress positively correlated with life event, life event importance, interpersonal emotion, and self-control. The most important factor affecting college-based stress was psychological hardiness (β=-.323, p<.001), followed by club activities (β=.237, p<.001), interpersonal conflict (β=.215, p=.001), grade-2 (β=-.203, p=.001), department adaptation (β=.161, p=.010), and age-21 (β=-.149, p=.024). The explanatory power was 44.4% (F=42.43, p<.001). The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of educational programs for stress reduction at the university level. Therefore, educational programs considering age and grade, using club activities as support systems, and dealing with psychological hardiness and department adaptation are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Marine scientific monitoring, including monitoring of oil pollution, marine ecosystems, and the marine environment in general, has been being carried out continuously in order to assess the impact of oil pollution since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. GIS thematic maps containing visual and summarized information are very useful for conducting exploratory analyses on the spatio-temporal variability of the marine environment and marine ecosystems due to oil pollution. Defining map types and building a legend in accordance with data characteristics are essential elements for mapping. In the present study, map types were defined according to the data attributes and GIS data types for each data item and classification of data intervals for the legend was defined by using two data distribution types through a histogram analysis. The data interval method was defined as follows: If the histogram of data has a uniform distribution, an equal interval method is applied; in the case of a normal distribution, a standard deviation method is applied. In addition, thematic map templates were made for each map type through the definition of marginal elements. Through the establishment of systematic mapping methods and procedures in this study, it was possible to effectively make standardized thematic maps for various kinds of marine scientific data.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 1991

The separative preconcentration of trace mercury[Hg(II)] in a water sample was studied by a coprecipitation flotation technique. The trace Hg(II) was precipitated together with Ce(OH)$_3$ by adding 3.0 ml of 0.1M Ce$^{3+}$ solution to 1,000 ml of water sample and adjusting pH to 11.0 with 1.0M NaOH solution. The hydrophobic precipitate[Ce(OH)$_3$-Hg(OH)$_2$], which was formed by adding 2.0 ml of 0.1${\%}$ ethanolic sodium oleate solution, were floated on the surface with an aid of tiny nitrogen gas bubbles. The floated materials were quatitatively collected in a suction flask and dissolved with 5.0 ml of 2.0M HNO$_3$. The solution was marked to 25.00 ml with a deionized water. The content of Hg(II) was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Any interferences of concomitants such as Ag$^+$, Br$^-$, I$^- $, etc. were not observed on the whole procedure. The analytical result showed that Hg(II) found in the wastewater of Seochang Campus, Korea University was 1.98 ng/ml with the relative standard deviation of 3.6${\%}$. And recoveries of Hg(II) in the wastewater into which 1.0 ng/ml and 2.0 ng/ml were added were 95${\%}$ and 91${\%}$, respectively. From such results, this procedure could be concluded to be tolerably accurate and reproducible for the determination of trace mercury in a water sample.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 1964

The critical examination of the spectrophotometric method for determining microgram quantities of phosphate by the n-butyl acetate extraction as molybdophosphoric acid and subsequent development of the molybdenum blue has been made. In this procedure from 2 to 8 ${\mu}g$. of phosphate-phosphorus can be determined under optimum conditions. The final concentration of ammonium molybdate and the final acidity of perchloric acid for the formation of heteropoly acid are suitable to be ranges of 0.5 to 1.1% and 0. 5 to 1. 1 N respectively, and subsequently extracted with 10 ml. of n-butyl acetate. The extract is developed to molybdenum blue with 5.0 ml. of 1. 3% stannous chloride in 1N hydrochloric acid. The color is stable for at least one hour in the use of perchloric acid for the condensation. In order to determination of submicrogram amounts of phosphate, the sensitivity of the molybdenum blue method is hardly sufficient, a sensitive and stable molybdenum(V)-thiocyanate complex method has been investigated. By the procedure less than 1.2 ${\mu}g$. of phosphate-phosphorus can be determined with an accuracy of less than 5% the relative error. The molybdenum(Ⅵ) extracted by the above procedure is reduced to molybdenum(V) in the extract directly with a solution of 4 to 10% of stannous chloride, 0.5 to 1.5 mM of copper, and 0.1 to 0.9 N of perchloric acid as final concentration in 4.3 to 6.3 N of hydrochloric acid or 9.0 to 13.0 N of sulfuric acid by heating for one minute in boiling water, after cooling, the molybdenum(V)-thiocyanate complex color is developed by adding 6.0 M ammonium thiocyanate solution making the final concentration to be in a range of 0.4 to 0.9 M. This procedure the very sensitive, reliable, and stable can be applied to determining submicrogram amounts of phosphate in natural waters with a precision of 1.6 ${\times}\;10^{-2}$ the standard deviation as absorbance.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Background: The toe-spread-out (TSO) exercise has been introduced as a strengthening exercise for the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with hallux valgus. Visual biofeedback using ultrasound imaging during exercise, may increase the ability to selectively contract the abductor hallucis muscle, compared with exercise alone. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound imaging visual feedback during the TSO exercise with respect to its influence on the angle of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with hallux valgus. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young subjects with a mean average age of 22.5 years, and a standard deviation of 2.3 years, were recruited for this study. Hallux valgus was defined as an angles greater than $15^{\circ}$ angle of 1st MPJ. Goniometric measurement was used to determine the angle of 1st MPJ. In addition, an ultrasound system was used to collect the CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle in each foot. The angle of the 1st MPJ and CSA of the abductor hallucis were measured in three positions; the resting position, during TSO exercise, and during TSO exercise in conjunction with real-time ultrasound imaging feedback. All data analyzed using a repeated analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction in order to compare the dependent variables in all three positions. Statistical level of significance was set up as p<.05. Results: The angle of the 1st MPJ was noted to be significantly reduced and the CSA of the abductor hallucis to be significantly greater during TSO exercise used in conjunction with ultrasound imaging visual feedback, compared to when the values were recorded during TSO exercise alone (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the application of ultrasound imaging visual feedback during TSO exercise is more effective in contracting selectively the abductor hallucis than the use of exercise alone.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral health education program on the oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of elementary school students. The design of this study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest gesign. Data was collected between the 17th of June and 13th of July in 2002, and the Experimental group were 131 students of Y Elementary School. which was one of the two elementary schools in K City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and the control group was 140 students of C Elementary School, which was similar to Y Elementary School in geographical and economical properties and size. As for research tools, the researcher developed tools of measuring oral health knowledge and oral health behavior by modifying the tools developed by Hye-Kyong Kim (2001), In-hyang Seo (1988), Ho-Youn Lee (2001), Hyeon-ja Jeon (1998). To measure oral hygiene status. the researcher applied a coloring agent to the surface of the teeth after brushing, rinsed the mouth, and calculated colored plaque on the surface of the teeth, which was recorded on a sheet and analyzed using the plaque index. The data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chisquare test, t-test, ANCOVA, Two-way ANOVA, Simple main effects, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan. Using with SPSS WIN 10.0. The result of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The hypothesis was supported 'The elementary school students which was given oral health education program will shows higher oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, oral hygiene status then control group' 2. According to the result of verifying the hypothesis, 'The effect of oral health education program will be different between junior and senior' the hypothesis was partly supported To summarize result of this research, the experimental group, to which oral health education was given, was improved in oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and oral hygiene status compared to the control group, so the oral health education program was effective for the oral health of elementary school students.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-212
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency change and determinants of the korean non-life insurance companies. we use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to measure company efficiency change and use GLS, Tobit model, FIixed effect model, Random effect model, GMM to measure efficiency determinants. we utilize ten non-life insurance companies in korea and the panel data for five from 2001 to 2005. The empirical results show the following findings. First, technical efficiency shows that approximately 15.5% of inefficiency exists on the non-life insurance companies and it reveals that the cause for technical inefficiency is due to scale inefficiency. Second, Dea Window results show that the stable dissimilarity by standard deviation, LDP of CCR. Third, the results of efficiency determinants show that increase efficiency is depend on the premium income and real estates.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.1 s.90
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of lateral cephalometric landmarks according to radiographic image enhancement, and to contribute to the identification of cephalometric landmarks. Lateral cephalograms of ten individuals were taken and stored into computer. The images were then enhanced up to four grades by Quick Ceph Image Pro$^{TM}$ on condition that the gray-scale equalization number was 50 and the detail enhancement number was 50. After thirty two landmarks were identified on monitor images by five observers, the deviations from the mean, the distances estimated between identified points and the mean point of five identified points, were evaluated for each landmark at each enhancement grade. Through the statistical analysis, following results were obtained. 1. In case of unenhanced radiographic images, the inter-observer reproducibility of the landmarks showed a large variation. 2. The comparison of deviation from the mean according to the degree of radiographic image enhancement for each landmark showed that the inter-observer reproducibility was significantly different at 5 landmarks. 3. The landmark of pterygomaxillary fissure showed higher reproducibility at enhancement grade 1 and 2 images than at unenhanced images. So did the landmark of posterior nasal spine at enhancement grade 1 images, and the landmark of menton at enhancement grade 2, 3 and 4 images respectively. The above results suggest that the reproducibility of some landmarks can be increased by radiographic image enhancement during the identification of the lateral cephalometric landmarks on the monitor.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.780-786
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The performance and maintenance of implant-supported prostheses are primarily dependent upon load transmission both at the bone-to-implant interface and within the implant-abutment-prosthesis complex. The design of the interface between components has been shown to have a profound influence on the stability of screw joints. Purpose. The Purpose of this study was to compare the strength and the fatigue resistance of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment connected to oral implant, utilizing an internal conical interface. Material and methods. Twenty $Implatium^{(R)}$ tapered implants were embedded to the top of the fixture in acrylic resin blocks. Ten $Combi^{(R)}$(1-piece) and $Dual^{(R)}$(2-piece) abutments of the same dimension were assembled to the implant, respectively. The assembled units were mounted in a testing machine. A load was applied perpendicular to the long axis of the assemblies and the loading points was at the distance of 7mm from the block surface. Half of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment-implant units were tested for the evaluation of the bending strength, and the others were cyclically loaded for the evaluation of the fatigue resistance until plastic deformation occurred. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Results. Mean plastic and maximum bending moment were $1,900{\pm}18Nmm,\;3,609{\pm}106Nmm$ for the 1-piece abutment, and $1,250{\pm}31Nmm,\;2,688{\pm}166Nmm$ for the 2-piece abutment, respectively. Mean cycles and standard deviation when implant-abutment joint showed a first plastic deformation were $238,610{\pm}44,891$. cycles for the 1-piece abutment and $9,476{\pm}3,541$ cycles for the 2-piece abutment. A 1-piece abutment showed significantly higher value than a 2-piece abutment in the first plastic bending moment (p<.05), maximum bending moment (p<.05) and fatigue strength (p<.05). Conclusion. Both 1-piece and 2-piece conical abutment had high strength and fatigue resistance and this suggests long-term durability without mechanical complication. However, the 1-piece conical abutment was more stable than the 2-piece conical abutment in the strength and the fatigue resistance.