• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2009

As 'design for all' and 'adaptable design', universal design is highly demanded to be adopted in neighborhood forest trail. The research areas were Mt. Doeum in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk Province and Mt. Anma in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province which were equipped based on 7 principles of universal design. The purpose of this research is providing baseline data for effective formulation of forest trail using universal design through visitors' evaluation on forest trail facilities by importance-performance analysis. Visitor's evaluation was achieved through questionnaire survey, and total 247 pieces of subjects were used for the analysis, 114 pieces from Mt. Doeum in Pohang and 113 pieces from Mt. Anma in Chuncheon. The residential areas of the respondents were mainly near each mountain - Mt. Doeum and Mt. Anma. According to the responses, nature study and education were the biggest reasons for the respondents' visits to Mt. Doeum, and so was the health to Mt. Anma, which are representative types of visiting behavior to nearby forest trails. The mean of importance was shown to be 3.87 while that of performance was 4.04, being a little higher than importance's, in importance-performance analysis of Mt. Doeum. This result suggests that the responders placed positive value on the forest trail applying universal design. It is necessary to improve the safety and convenience of guidance-safety handrail, make information sign easy to understand, and introduce an interpretive sign meeting the visiting purposes of visitors. Also, the management to make the road surface flat is in demand for the accessibility to forest trail. The mean of importance was 3.92 and that of performance was 3.99 in Mt. Anma, which suggests the necessity of improvement in safety of pavement material and boundary safety facilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.679-688
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the major trends in research studies in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration from 2010 to 2012. Methods: A review using analysis criteria developed by researchers was done of 132 studies published between 2010 and 2012. Research design, participants, research domain, and keywords were analyzed from the Journal of Korean Nursing Administration. Results: Job satisfaction, stress, organizational commitment, safety, turnover, nursing education, and performance were found to be major keywords. Of the research in the Journal, quantitative methods were used in 93.2% of studies. The major setting and participants were hospitals (58.2%) and nurses (65.5%) respectively. Prevalent analysis methods used were t-test, ANOVA, correlation, regression, chi-square, AMOS, and factor analysis. Major domains in the articles were: controlling, directing, staffing, nursing management education, and professionalism & legal principles. Conclusion: Through this study, the research trends in nursing administration were identified, but there is a need to include more of the following topics in future research: new concepts in nursing policy, enhanced deliberations of IRB, rationalization of the effects in sample size calculations, theoretical development of planning and organizing, and development of interventions for management support of the nursing management process.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

This study compares and analyzes user experiences of intelligent personal assistant services based on the evaluation criteria of human-computer interaction to explore positive elements of user experiences and factors that could be improved. The research was conducted on Apple's Siri, Google's Google Associate, and Samsung's Bixby, which is presently the smartest personal assistant service on the market. The research method was to compare and analyze the concepts and characteristics of the current services through a literature review and by interviewing seven UI/UX design experts for the second 2 weeks using contextual inquiry. The interview reorganized Peter Morville's user experience honeycomb, reducing his seven usability principles down to five, asking questions about usability, convenience, visual attractiveness, reliability, and satisfaction. On the basis of the reconfigured usability principle, the assessment was conducted on the basis of the assessment timing and the system usability scale. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the user experience of artificial intelligence personal assistant services both quantitatively and qualitatively.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2014

This is the urban design master plan for the Public Administration Town. The project proposes a newly configured city, where environmental and democratic principles are expressed in the shape of the urban fabric. To achieve the goal, the concepts of 'Flat City, Link City, and Zero City' were introduced. These concept show "Space fabric arrange, connection and material circulation and flow from ecological landscape". 'Flat City' shaped the government buildings into an iconic plane, and democratic society. The iconic plane's surface extends across the whole city, creating an expansive public park, which is easily accessible, and open to nature. 'Link City' connects governmental agencies to enhance their function and interactions. Government facilities, parks and green spaces, cultural facilities, commercial zones, and residential districts areas create an interconnecting network. 'Zero City' has integrated infrastructure systems to reuse waste, reduce pollution, and provide essential city functions. It creates a new wildlife habitat, making 'Zero City' a good neighborhood. This proposal was made to integrate historical, regional, nature experiences with various approaches in architecture, city, and landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-95
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• 2022

This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the development and functional changes of Webdewey, which has become a basic tool of classification learning, analyzing it in terms of usability for learners, and suggesting specific ways to improve WebDewey's usability. In order to achieve this research objective, the concepts and principles of UI and usability were first laid out, and Webdewey's structure and key functions were analyzed. Since then, Webdewey's media changes and periodical feature changes have been analyzed. In addition, an opinion survey was conducted on the usability of WebDewey among learners who used WebDewey in the learning process, and proposed ways to improve WebDewey's usability based on the implications and direction of improvement derived from it. In terms of UI, proposals have been made to introduce display methods, visualization devices, the advantages of printed versions, and the development of Korean versions. In terms of the 'Create built number' function, suggestions have been made to improve usability in terms of basic number selection, composite route guidance and error message provision, new reference and route construction, screen and button design, and built-number component guidance.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.167-184
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes all possible issues that need to be considered in case disputes occur with regard to force majeure in international commercial contracts through the comparative study between English and Korean during COVID-19. Design/methodology - This paper belongs to the field of explanatory legal study, which aims to explain and test whether the choice of law is linked to the conditions that occur in the reality of judicial practice. The juridical approach involves studying and examining theories, concepts, legal doctrines, and legislation that are related to the problem. Findings - English law does not permit general economic impracticability to qualify as a valid force majeure event. If a party asserts that they were prevented from performing the contract, the courts will examine this strictly. Many commercial contracts in a broad range of sectors and industries are chosen by parties to be governed by English law. With COVID-19, there have been discussion of parties being released from performance as a result of force majeure. Meanwhile, under Korean law, a force majeure event should be unforeseeable and beyond a party's control. Since COVID-19 is a known event for future contracts, to avoid the risk that a similar situation in the future is deemed foreseeable and under a party's control, parties must ensure that such a risk is properly addressed in a contract. Therefore, it is necessary to have a new clause to cover a pandemic. Originality/value - In light of the ongoing unexpected and uncertain economic impacts COVID-19 is expected to bring to the world, it is anticipated that companies will experience an increased number of claims involving force majeure around the world, including English and Korea. As such, taking proactive steps to assess the applicable legal principles, including the concept of force majeure of contract, will help companies be prepared for the financial or legal implications of COVID-19. In this regard, it would be advisable for companies and businesses to take specific actions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2009

According to previous researches about online evaluation in many e-Learning contents, it took too much time and effort to generate test questions for formative or achievement tests using a database as an item pool. Furthermore, it is hard to measure accomplishment of learners for each unit through overall tests provided by existing e-learning contents. In this paper, to efficiently cope with problems described above, the item pool based on Item Form was transformed into Interaction Date Model in Run-Time Environment of SCORM2004. And the contents for the math concepts and principles that students would learn from regular classroom were developed in accordance with SCORM. In addition, Confidence Factor Function was used to take an objective view in measuring the accomplishment of learners through the items automatically generated by LMS(Learning Management System).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 2000

Objectives: The studies in biological, behavioral and psychosocial perspectives in nursing research are fundamental in the balanced development of nursing knowledge. Many nursing researchers have placed a strong emphasis on developing psychological and behavioral aspects of nursing knowledge as is evidenced by the large body of research in these areas. However, the paucity of nursing research using the principles of biological science for measurements and techniques have often invited open criticism by many nursing researchers. This study attempts to characterize the researches performed in master and doctoral thesis which used physiological variables. Methods: We analyzed masters' thesis from 1962 to 1996 and doctoral thesis from 1982 to 1996 listed in CD from Korean Nurses Association. Results: Out of 3060 masters' thesis from 1962 to 1996, 342 (11.2%) thesis used physiological variables whereas 43 (10.1%) doctoral thesis used physiological ones. Number of thesis with physiological variables was the highest in Seoul National University for masters' thesis whereas for the doctoral thesis the number was the highest in Yonsei University. The research subjects in these thesis with physiological variables were mostly patients (53.5% in masters' and 69.8% in doctoral). Master's thesis often conducted either nonexperimental or survey research (69.9%) whereas experimental research design prevailed vital signs(181 thesis), blood tests(133), body composition(124), microorganisms(74), gastrointestinal functions(36), lab test(33), drug(21), urinary functions(20), movement(17), Apgar Score(15), reproductive functions(9), skin related functions(6), body fluid and electrolytes(4), parasite(4), metabolism(3), and sensory(1), Among the 338 master' thesis which studied the common nursing concepts such as anxiety, pain, stress, and depression, 48(14.2%) thesis utilized physiological variables while 15 out of 35 doctoral thesis addressed these concepts using physiological variables. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that despite the large amount of nursing research performed over the last decades, there are a few nursing researches done with physiological variables either in masters' or doctoral thesis. To enrich nursing knowledge with different perspectives of nursing including especially biological ones, the efforts have to be made to conduct bionursing science research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

This paper proposes a ontology of tree structure approach for adaptive object recognition in a situation-variant environment. In this paper, we introduce a new concept, ontology of tree structure ontology, for context sensitivity, as we found that many developed systems work in a context-invariant environment. Due to the effects of illumination on a supreme obstinate designing context-sensitive recognition system, we have focused on designing such a context-variant system using ontology of tree structure. Ontology can be defined as an explicit specification of conceptualization of a domain typically captured in an abstract model of how people think about things in the domain. People produce ontologies to understand and explain underlying principles and environmental factors. In this research, we have proposed context ontology, context modeling, context adaptation, and context categorization to design ontology of tree structure based on illumination criteria. After selecting the proper light-ontology domain, we benefit from selecting a set of actions that produces better performance on that domain. We have carried out extensive experiments on these concepts in the area of object recognition in a dynamic changing environment, and we have achieved enormous success, which will enable us to proceed on our basic concepts.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.445-473
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to derive implications for the design of the next curriculum by analyzing the textbooks designed as a new subject in the 2015 revised curriculum. In the mathematics curriculum documents of , 'related learning elements' are presented instead of 'learning elements'. 'Related learning elements' are defined as mathematical concepts or principles that can be used in the context of artificial intelligence, but there are no specific restrictions on the amount and scope of dealing with 'related learning elements'. Accordingly, the aspects of 'related learning elements' reflected in the textbooks were analyzed focusing on the textbook format, the amount and scope of contents, and the ways of using technological tools. There were differences in the format of describing 'related learning elements' in the textbook by textbook and the amount and scope of handling mathematics concepts. Although similar technological tools were dealt with in each textbook so that 'related learning elements' could be used in the context of artificial intelligence, the focus was on computations and interpretation of results. In order to fully reflect the intention of the curriculum in textbooks, a systematic discussion on 'related learning elements' will be necessary. Additionally, in order for students to experience the use of mathematics in artificial intelligence, substantialized activities that can set and solve problems using technological tools should be included in textbooks.