• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of resilience and depression on suicidal ideation in elderly. The survey was conducted by 335 subjects (aged 65 to 70 years old; both gender) living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk district. Data were collected through interview-based questionnaires which were constructed to include the general characteristics(8 items), suicidal ideation(19 items), depression(15 items), and resilience(27 items). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. The present results showed that the main general factors affecting the resilience of elderly were age, the type of dwelling, pin money, and health. The influencing factors on suicidal ideation were health status, depression level, and the resilience in elderly. In particular, the suicidal ideation was more affected by self-regulation and affirmation of the subcategory in resilience. In conclusion, the resilience and depression is need to be considered as one of the main factors for decreasing the suicidal ideation in elderly.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of body mass index (BMI), perceived health status (PHS), and the needs of functional games for the elderly in Korea. Methods: This is a descriptive study with convenience sampling. The data were collected from 363 older adults in S city who completed questionnaires asking about their BMI, PHS, needs for functional games, and general characteristics. Using the SPSS 20.0 program, data were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 65.4(${\pm}4.75$), ranging between 60-83 years old. Among the 363 subjects, 75.2% who were male, 55.9% chose "functional games are necessary," and 25.3% selected "functional games are absolutely necessary" for the elderly. There were statistically significant correlations between current PHS and comparing health to others (r=.827, p<.001), depression (r=-.330, p<.001), age (r=-.113, p=.032), respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between comparing health to others and depression (r=-.292, p<.001). Conclusion: The study findings show that older adults have distinct needs and interests for functional games. Thus, we need to develop senior functional games to help make older adults more active with greater enjoyment to gain more health benefits. Interdisciplinary team approaches would work well for developing functional games in Korean considering the preferences of older people are similar.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1990

The immune responses of commercial layer chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) were compared among different administration methods and times of vaccination during 4 weeks of age. A total of 372 day-old chickens were devided into 4 groups of 93 birds each. Each of 3 groups was received a commercially available B$_1$ live vaccine via drinking water, eye instillation or spray method at one, 14 and 28 days of age. One group was used as an unvaccinated control. At two and 4 weeks after each time of vaccination, 15 birds from each group were challenged with virulent ND virus at the dose of 10$^{5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird to examine the pretection rate. Ten to 15 birds from each group were bled at two weeks intervals from day old to 8 weeks of age to determine hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. The protection rate was generally low regardless of the times of vaccination although two or more times vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. The low protection was considered due to low titer of the vaccine used since the vaccine titer was less than 10$^{2.5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird. Spray method gave better protection compared to eye instillation of drinking water method which resulted in lowest response. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(36%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(35%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1742-1747
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• 2016

A $2{\times}5$ factorial experiment, using 2 dietary methionine levels (0.28% and 0.48%) and 5 dietary choline levels (0, 394, 823, 1,239, and 1,743 mg/kg), was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine status on choline requirements of starter white Pekin ducks from 7 to 28 days of age. Four hundred eighty 7-d-old male White Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to ten dietary treatments, each containing 6 replicate pens with 8 birds per pen. At 28 d of age, weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were measured and the legs of all ducks from each pen were examined for incidence of perosis. Perosis and growth depression were observed in choline-deficient ducks and supplementation of choline reduced perosis and significantly increased weight gain and feed intake regardless of dietary methionine levels (p<0.05). In addition, significant positive effects of dietary methionine supplementation on weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were observed at any choline level (p<0.05). Supplementation of 1,743 mg/kg choline in diets alleviated the depression of weight gain and feed intake caused by methionine deficiency at 0.28% methionine level. The interaction between choline and methionine influenced weight gain and feed intake of ducks (p<0.05). At 0.28% methionine level, 1,743 mg/kg choline group caused 4.92% and 3.23% amount of improvement in weight gain and feed intake compared with 1,239 mg/kg choline group, respectively. According to the broken-line regression, the choline requirements of starter Pekin ducks for weight gain and feed intake were 1,472 and 1,424 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 946 and 907 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. It suggested the choline recommendations of starter Pekin ducks on a semi-purified diet were 1448 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 927 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. Compared with the adequate methionine level, menthionine deficiency markedly increased the choline requirements of ducks.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Objectives : Tic disorder is known to be a chronic neuro-behavioral disease, cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) strategies, like habit reversal training (HRT), are introducing recently. We report the effectiveness of HRT in Tourette disorder, which are very common in clinical settings. Methods : The DSM-IV clinical diagnosis applied by child psychiatrist. YGTSS, Kovac's children's depression inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Abbreviated Conners' Rating Scales, Dupaul ADHD Rating Scales are used. Ultimately, totally 10 children were evaluated. Subject group are consist of 6 boys and 4 girls, and the mean age was $10.90{\pm}1.73$ years old. This study is treatment-refractory 10 patients (from 9-14 years old) though 1 years drug treatment and psychiatric consultation were taken. We administered 5 times of HRT for 4 weeks. Results and Conclusion : There were improvement of scores in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Clinical Global Improvement. Our observations indicate that HRT might be effective in the treatment of Tourette disorder.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.425-440
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to understand the ability of the elderly to activity of daily living, assess their quality of sleep and level of depression at home and analyze how such relate health related quality of life. The subject was 223 senior over 65 years old who lived in B Metropolitan City. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were performed using SPSS WIN 14.0. The major findings of this study are as follow: 1) 34.1% of the respondents experienced a degree of sleep disorder and 57.8% were vulnerable to depression. 2) Activity of daily living, quality of sleep and depression were related to health related quality of life to a statistically significant degree. quality of sleep, activity of daily living positively related to health related quality of life. level of depression related to health related quality of life. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the most powerful predictor of health related quality of life was depression. While age, level of education and quality of sleep were also found as significant predictor variables. Based on these results, it is necessary to perform more studies on health related quality of life and related factors according to that in various settings. Especially, to develop a program intended to improve the health related quality of life of the elderly at home, we need to consider not only physical factors but also psychological factors.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to quality of life in elderly. Methods: This was a descriptive correlation study. The subjects were 356 elderly over 65 years old. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with a SAS statistics. Results: The predictors of quality of life in elderly were depression, life satisfaction, self esteem, economic state, family support, perceived health state, and age. These factors explained 71.9% of the total variance. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to improve quality of life in elderly. To improve the quality of life in elderly, the above major influencing factors should be considered.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In 2000, the number of people aged 65 and over increased to 3.37 million, accounting for 7.1% of the total population of South Korea. The elderly population will increase up to 19.3% in 2030. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) seems to increase with age. More than 50-60% of old people complain of SDB-related signs and symptoms including awakening headache, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, personality changes, and depression. The influence of a mild degree of SDB upon the elderly is unclear, but moderate to severe SDB is well known to be associated with many diseases including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, and sudden death. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to elderly patients who complain of SDB related symptoms and signs that may not be normal signs of aging. Physicians need to become more sensitive to treat SDB in the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 2017

Although the elderly collecting and selling wastepaper is one of the most vulnerable groups in society, this group has not been studied specifically. Subjective health status is an important aspect of quality of life in old age. The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting subjective health status among the elderly collecting and selling wastepaper. Analyses are based on data from 2014 Korean Elderly Survey. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, depression, and fear of falling were associated with subjective health status. The results of this study suggest that gender and mental health aspects should be considered in making intervention plan for assessments and providing services for health among the elderly collecting and selling wastepaper. The study findings also indicate that efforts to improve safety in worksite of elderly persons collecting and selling wastepaper are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 1998

Objectives：This study was to investigate the impact of parental psychiatric disorder on offspring's depression, anxiety, self concept, perception of familial relationship compared with offspring of normal control. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, this study explored whether their psychopathology, self concept, and perception of familial relationship were influenced by parent’s sex, onset time of parent’s psychiatric disorder and parent’s psychiatric diagnosis. Methods：52 offsprings aged 10-18 years of 39 psychiatric outpatient were surveyed from June, 1997 to April, 1998 and completed several questionnaaire, including Korean from of the Family Environment Scale, Korean form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Korean form of Kovac’s Children’s Depression Inventory, and Korean form of Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale. Their score was compared with offsprings’ of normals. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, they were compared according to parent’s sex, onset time of parent's psychiatric disorder and parent’s psychiatric diagnosis. Results：The results were as follows：1) Offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder reported higher level of state anxiety and lower level of the FES expressive subscale than offsprings of normals(p<0.05). But they reported higher level of PHCSCS intellectual & school status subscale and popularity subscale than normals(p<0.05). 2) There were no differences in anxiety, depression, self concept, and perception of familial relationship between patient’s sex. 3) Offsprings less than 3 years old when parent’s psychiatric disorder had developed showed higher level of trait anxiety and lower level of FES control subscale than offsprings more than 3 years old (p<0.05). 4) There were no diferences in anxiety, depression, self concept, and perception of familial relationship between patient’ diagnostic groups(schizophrenia spectrum disorder-mood disoderneurosis). Conclusion：The finding indicated that self reported scale of anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between offsprings of psychiatric patients and offsprings of normals. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, parent’s sex and psychiatiric diagnosis had no influence on offspring’s psychopathology. But the offspring’s age(before 3 years old) when the parent’s psychiatriric disorder developed had influence on higher level of offspring’s trait anxiety. For further high risk group study, direct interview and evaluation of parent-child agreement or teacher-child agreement will be needed in longitudinal study.