• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2010

bone grafting is indicated in the case of bony defects and is classified into autograft, allograft, and xenograft. Synthetic bone graft is contrasted with these three categories in that it has a different donor source. Autograft is most prominent as it is known as a gold standard of all grafting procedures. Its principles and practices are well established via accumulated informations and clinical experiences, which imposes no regulations or restrictions in its clinical use. On the other hand, other bone graft procedures are under tight control for the safety and effectiveness of each product. Food and Drug Administration of the United States has a system in which the information on the approvals and clearances of bone graft materials on their internet homepage. All the bone graft materials that are under the regulations of the United States are classified into the category of medical devices, which includes allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, and synthetic bone graft materials. Each bone graft material has its own indication and the FDA approvals and clearances of medical devices contain the item of "intended use" to specify the indications of each bone graft materials. US dentists, as users of the specific bone graft materials, are provided with adequate information on the approved materials they are to utilize. As an user of these materials, Korean dentists are less provided with the information on the bone graft materials they want to use. Medical providers of the bone graft materials have to be able to provide their users with the essential information such as the intended use of the regulatory approval. Dentists must also be active in gathering informations on the material of their interest, and the system must be built in which both of the medical providers and users of bone graft materials can be satisfied in providing and getting the information, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.543-551
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• 2007

When clinicians faced with an insufficient volume of supporting bone on ideally esthetic and bio-mechanical position for dental implantation, guided bone regeneration(GBR) was indicated. Although GBR has wide application at clinic, proper time of membrane removal remains qustionable in using non-resorbable membrane, such as non-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maintenance period of PTFE membrane on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight adult New Zealand white female rabbits were used in this study. Four defects were surgically made in their calvaria. Using a trephine bur, 4 'through and through' defects were created and classified into 3 groups, which were consisted of control group(no graft), experimental group 1(autogenous bone)and experimental group 2(deproteinized bovine bone; $OCS-B^{(R)}$). The defects were covered with PTFE membrane($Cytoplast^{(R)}$). Membranes were removed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-GBR procedure in 2 rabbits repectively, All rabbits were sacrificed after 8 week post-GBR procedure. Specimens were harvested and observed histologically. The results were as follow; 1) The use of graft material and membrane was necessary in GBR procedure. 2) When PTFE membranes were removed early, the most favorable bone regeneration was revealed in experimental group T, followed by experimental group II and control group. 3) On GBR, it is recommended that membrane should maintain for 4 weeks with autogenous graft. As well, the use of xenograft need longer maintenance period than autogenous bone. Further evaluations will be needed, such as histomorphologic research, more species and different kinds of graft materials. And on the basis of these studies, clinical researches would be required.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.719-732
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• 2007

Purpose: Various bone graft materials are being used for periodontal tissue regeneration. Th materials are being developed continuously for ideal clinical effects. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical characteristics of each bone graft material through comparing the various bone graft materials statistically and in doing so, proposing a more efficient bone graft material. In this study, the following results were attained through comparing the clinical effects among the bone graft materials, using the statistical method based on the clinical studies published at the department of periodontology of Yonsei hospital. Materials and Method: 6 selected studies of department of Periodontology at Yonsei University Hospital were based on clinical study of bone grafting in intrabony defects. It was compared the clinical parameters among the 6 clinical studies, using the statistical META analysis. Result: When comparing the probing depth reduction, there was a relatively great amount of decease when using the xenograft, Anorganic Bovine Derived Hydroxapatite Bone Matrix/Cell Binding Peptide(ABM/P-15: PepGen $P-15^{(R)}$) and the autogenous bone and absorbable membrane, d, 1-alctide/glycolide copolymer(GC: $Biomesh^{(R)}$). The allogfrafts showed a relatively low decrease in the probing depth and clinical attachment change. It also showed a slight decrease in the bone probing depth. The allografts showed various results according to different bone graft materials. When comparing the ABM/P-15 and bovine bone $powder(BBP^{(R)})$, ABM/P-15 showed a relatively high clinical attachment level and the bovine bone powder showed a relatively high clinical attachment level. The probing depth change and gingival recession change showed a lower value than the mean value between the two bone graft materials. The synthetic bone showed a relatively high decrease in clinical attachment level and periodontal probing depth change. There was a relatively larger amount of gingival recession when using Bioactive Glass(BG) but a relatively low bone regeneration effect was seen. Conclusion: Good restorative results of the periodontal tissue can be attained by applying the various bone graft materials being used today after identifying the accurate clinical effects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

Purpose: Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants often poses difficulty because of insufficient bone volume caused by pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and by crestal bone resorption. Sinus grafting technique was developed to increase the vertical height to overcome this problem. The present study was designed to evaluate the sinus floor augmentation with anorganic bovine bone (Bio-$cera^{TM}$) using histomorphometric and clinical measures. Patients and methods: Thirteen patients were involved in this study and underwent total 14 sinus lift procedures. Residual bone height was ${\geq}2mm$ and ${\leq}6mm$. Lateral window approach was used, with grafting using Bio-$cera^{TM}$ only(n=1) or mixed with autogenous bone from ramus and/or maxillary tuberosity(n=13). After 6 months of healing, implant sites were created with 3mm diameter trephine and biopsies taken for histomorphometric analysis. The parameters assessed were area fraction of new bone, graft material and connective tissue. Immediate and 6 months after grafting surgery, and 6 months after implantation, computed tomography (CT) was taken and the sinus graft was evaluated morphometric analysis. After implant installation at the grafted area, the clinical outcome was checked. Results: Histomorphometry was done in ten patients.Bio-$cera^{TM}$ particles were surrounded by newly formed bone. The graft particles and newly formed bone were surrounded by connective tissue including small capillaries in some fields. Imaging processing revealed $24.86{\pm}7.59%$ of new bone, $38.20{\pm}13.19%$ connective tissue, and $36.92{\pm}14.51%$ of remaining Bio-$cera^{TM}$ particles. All grafted sites received an implant, and in all cases sufficient bone height was achieved to install implants. The increase in ridge height was about $15.9{\pm}1.8mm$ immediately after operation (from 13mm to 19mm). After 6 months operation, ridge height was reduced about $11.5{\pm}13.5%$. After implant installation, average marginal bone loss after 6 months was $0.3{\pm}0.15mm$. Conclusion: Bio-$cera^{TM}$ showed new bone formation similar with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ histomorphometrically and appeared to be an effective bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation procedure with the residual bone height from 2 to 6mm.