• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.989-1020
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to look into current situation and perception of empty homes owners' managing and using rural empty houses. This topic is important because basic data has to be broadly accumulated to facilitate using empty houses as an idle resources in rural areas. Besides, the demand of urban migrants' using empty houses as an economic house or temporary house keeps increasing. We called 2012 respondents who had empty houses in Wanju County. The questionnaire consisted of current situation of empty homes owners' managing and using empty house, plan of using empty house, perception of using empty house and demographic factors of respondents. As a result, we identified each characteristics of the owner of empty house, the empty house, and the place where the empty house was located. Futhermore, by analysing the behavior and perception of the owner of empty house by those characteristics, we suggested the direction of government's support for facilitating reusing rural empty houses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 1996

This study examined the relationship between kindergarten children's maternal attachment and their social competence. A total of 76 kindergarteners and their mothers were observed and videotaped in a strange situation. The modified ISCS(Iowa Social Competency Scales: Preschool Form) was administered to 76 mothers to assess their children's social competence. The data were analyzed by percentiles, Pearson's correlations, and t-test. The results showed a significant correlations between children's social competence and attachment to their mothers. Significant sex and sibling status differences in attachment were found. Social competence differed by demographic variables of sex, sibling status, and level of father's education.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.619-634
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to the real situation of the safety education in the kindergarten by investigating the actual condition of the safety education and kindergarten teachers' knowledge about it. Questionnaire was adopted to obtain data required for pertinent analysis. The subjects were 234 kindergarten teachers located in Choongnam and Daejeon province. SPSSWIN v10.0 was utilized to calculate percentage, mean and standard deviation and to conduct t-test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The main results of this study were as follows. There was a significant difference between the actual condition of the safety education and kindergarten teachers' knowledge about it according to demographic variables. Especially, these differences were due to teachers' academic career, age, teaching experience, and the experience of bringing up children by themselves. The importance of the safety education must be emphasized. There were urgent needs to develop the way of teaching and the program about the safety education.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 1999

By researching the situation of family ethics and practice that is being conducted in Christical family of Korea we will see what Korean church can do for the Korean family and forming family ethics of Korea. For this purpose survey was conducted from 9th to 21 st of September(1998) 670 people(male and female who are Christian) who have one or more child from 10 churches of Seuol area and 8 churches of Kyunggi province ; frequency percentage mean t-test f-test {{{{ CHI ^2 }} }}-test Scheffe's multiple range test factor analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows; The practicing of christian's family ehics for testees was also cery good. Especially it was prominent in wedding family ethics for testees was also very good. Especially it was prominent in wedding ethics and in education of ethics to children. Among the socio-demographic variables religious background of family and education are prominent variables for the practicing of christian's family ethics.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.845-852
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• 2010

The outcomes of counts commonly occur in the area of disease mapping for mortality rates or disease rates. A Poisson distribution is usually assumed as a model of disease rates in conjunction with a gamma prior. The small area typically refers to a small geographical area or demographic group for which very little information is available from the sample surveys. Under this situation the model-based estimation is very popular, in which the auxiliary variables from various administrative sources are used. The empirical Bayes estimator under Poissongamma model has been considered with its accuracy measures. An accuracy measure using a bootstrap samples adjust the underestimation incurred by the posterior variance as an estimator of true mean squared error. We explain the suggested method through a practical dataset of hitters in baseball games. We also perform a Monte Carlo study to compare the accuracy measures of mean squared error.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2019

This study deals with empathic concern in the age of the fourth industrial revolution. A study, investigating emotional and empathic responses towards a situation of negative human-robot interaction, was conducted using mobile surveys and self-reports. In total, 116 subjects were recruited regardless of their disciplinary and demographic backgrounds. For data analysis, a mixed method was used. Results show that people differ in emotional and empathic responses in human-robot interaction. This individual difference was influenced by educational backgrounds and gender. Suggestions for engineering education were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.198-207
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• 2008

The purpose of this study supplies the basic data to plan the optimum mental health service that is reflected needs of the elderly people with mental illness by checking how their demographic-sociological distinctive feature and function level have an effect on their needs of mental health service by being absent situation of a study of the elderly people with mental illness. As results of analysis, the residental type, the disease period, and the decision person of admission-discharge control of demographic-sociological distinctive feature is much effect on needs of programs and also effect commonly on the needs of the health promotion program and the discharge support program. Generally, the function level of the elderly people with mental illness is favorable and the order of function level is the group activity program, the counseling program, and the resource network program.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

This study drew a conclusion about the current situation and the trend of start-up in Korea by understanding the convenience of start-up and startup outcome(business satisfaction and income after startup) by year, and by analyzing the trend of the convenience of start-up by each detail items and by industry. In addition to, the key factors of successful business start-up are demonstrated by synthetically examining how the factors influence the outcome of startup, including human capital, business characteristics, economic feature, and situational/institutional characteristics, as well as demographic characteristics. According to the result, business satisfaction after startup by year and business income have gradually increased from 2005, but the convenience of start-up has constantly decreased. Based on the industry, the convenience of start-up shows a statistical significance. Lastly, the factors that influence the outcome of business start-up are complexly turned up as human capital, business characteristics, economic feature, and situational/institutional characteristics, as well as demographic characteristics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.563-568
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and its frequency is increasing gradually in many countries. Over the last three decades an increase in the breast cancer has been witnessed in the earlier low-risk Asian countries including Pakistan. Purpose: The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of known risk factors like early menarche, late menopause, socio economic, reproductive and demographic factors, among women diagnosed with breast cancer at INMOL hospital, Lahore, Punjab, as little information exists in this regard. Materials and Methods: A survey study was conducted on 200 women diagnosed with breast cancer who were seen at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) hospital, Lahore. A structured questionnaire was administered to these patients regarding the known risk factors through face to face interviews after obtaining appropriate consent. Results: Regarding non-modifiable risk factors, our study showed that majority of the breast cancer patients were diagnosed at 35-45 years (32.5%) or at older age (${\leq}46$) and experienced menarche at 12 years or older (66 %). Likewise, a large number of patients reached menopause at the age of 45 years (60%), had no family and personal history of breast cancer (80%) and hence fell in a low risk category. Regarding modifiable risk factors in women diagnosed with breast cancer, most of the patients fell in low risk strata as the majority were married (98%) at young age, breastfed their children for 12 months or more (88%) and bore two to three children (80%). Considering income criteria, the majority of the patients had a low risk profile as they belonged to middle class (70%), urban area (60%) and were house wives (80%). However, it was noted that a considerable number of women (34%) diagnosed with breast cancer experienced menarche at an early age (<12) and reached menopause after the age of 45 years. This situation is further augmented by environmental changes and dietary habits and places them in a high risk category.