• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Bus passengers need some time to adapt to the changed bus route or free bus transfer system which is part of the public transportation system restructuring plan. This research is focused on the characteristics of monthly patterns of bus passengers. The period of stabilization of bus passenger demand after the rearrangement of bus route system by a time series were analysed. In order to look into the characteristics of bus passenger demand by month, data on the number of monthly bus passengers of recent five years in metropolitan cities across the nation was collected. Kendall's coefficient of concordance is used to test whether the cities showed concordance with respect to the number of monthly bus passengers during a period of five years. The study collected and performed a time series analysis of data on the number of monthly bus passengers during the past ten years in Daegu metropolitan area which carried out a new bus route plan in February 2006. The number of monthly bus passengers in 2006 was estimated using the time series analysis. The city of Daegu found that after six months the estimated and actual values displayed a similar pattern. This result can be applied to other cities in estimating the passenger demands in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Extracted from the metropolitan area, the Paldang Lake, which supplies approximately 8 million tons of water, has achieved a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of 1.1 mg/L as a result of water quality preservation policies. However, concerning the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) component that encompasses refractory organic matter, there has been an observable upward trend in concentration. The introduction of refractory organic matter into the water source of Paldang Lake brings potential increments in BOD, generates off-putting tastes and odors in tap water, increases THM (Trihalomethane) formation, and triggers algae proliferation. Moreover, if residual hazardous refractory pollutants persist in aquatic environments, they may induce endocrine disruption and phenomena such as antibiotic resistance. In this study, a monitoring campaign was executed to discern the concentration of refractory organic matter emissions from point and non-point sources within Paldang Lake and its upstream region, with the aim of managing refractory organic matter in Paldang Lake. By comparing refractory organic matter emission concentrations across monitored areas, the elimination efficiency at wastewater treatment plants was assessed. Additionally, employing the Pearson correlation correlation analysis technique, correlations among refractory organic matter indices, antecedent wet days, and antecedent dry days were explored. The concentrations of refractory organic matter in rivers and Paldang Lake exhibited a similar pattern. Wastewater treatment plant effluents exhibited higher concentrations compared to rivers and Paldang Lake. The assessment of refractory organic matter removal at wastewater treatment plants indicated a removal efficiency of 65.73%. However, no significant correlation emerged between refractory organic matter emission concentration and antecedent wet days or priory antecedent dry days. This absence of correlation is attributed to data scarcity, underscoring the need for long-term monitoring and data accumulation.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.322-329
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• 2000

Current seismic design codes for building structures are based on the methods which can provide enough capacity to satisfy objected performance level and exactly evaluate the seismic performance of buildings. Pushover analysis of fast becoming an accepted method for the seismic evaluation of building structures. The popularity of this approximate, nonlinear static analysis method is due to its conceptual simplicity and ability to graphically describe a capacity and demand of structure. However, some of the shortcomings of the pushover analysis, especially for longer period and irregular buildings, is the inability of method to identify failure mechanisms due to effects of higher modes. In this paper proposed lateral load pattern which includes the contribution of higher modes of vibration for irregular building structure and compared to seismic response obtained by time history.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Family day care centers, in apartment complexes, which are popular in korea, have merits as day care centers for young children due to their homey environments, closeness to children's homes, and available outdoor playground utilizing open space in the complexes. Thus, It is great potential to develop design guideline of family day care in apartment which are in demand now, The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for develop of design guideline family day care center. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate important the point of issues that influence the development of design family day care center. The study of the point of issues are environment behavior, Murtha & Lee' User Benefit Criteria, and Pattern theory. As a result, this study provide basic data of develop design guideline of family day care and important data of next study.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 2014

In recent years, coding education has been globally emphasized and the Free Semester System will be executed to the public schools in Korea from 2016. With the introduction of the Free Semester System and the rising demand of Computational Thinking (CT) capacity, this research aims to design 'learning environment' in which learners can design and construct mathematical objects through computers and print them out through 3D printers. Furthermore, it will design learning mathematics by constructing the figurate number patterns from 'soma cubes' in the playing context and connecting those to algebraic and combinatorial patterns, which will allow students to experience mathematical connectivity. It is expected that the activities of designing figurate number patterns suggested in this research will not only strengthen CT capacity in relation to mathematical thinking but also serve as a meaningful program for the Free Semester System in terms of career experience as 3D printers can be widely used.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.175-187
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• 1998

Hats are an important part of the fashion accessory business and Their importance is increasing year by year. Their importance is increasing not only as a means of accessory ut also as a means of sportswear due to the leisure-sports boom of the 90's. As hats are becoming more and more popular and ready-made, demand for comfortable and easy-fitting hats are increasing. Being an piece of apparel, fitting is very important factor in hats as well s in other forms of clothing. But many hat-wears complain of dissatisfaction of fitting of their hats. In addition to this, another problem is hat most hat designs have been flown in from the West without inspection of their fits. Designs to fit the Koran face and head have not been developed properly. This study is based on the need for the development of a well-fitting hat pattern design for Korean young women. After taking actual measurements of 170 young womens, a size system was organized for developing patterns for different size groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

The power consumption pattern of high-speed railway has rarely during night time. But, during service time, the power is consumed irregularly related to train operation. Especially certain unusual about 1-2 days of service time interval to indicate the power consumption is rapidly growing phenomenon, which causes the capacity of the power contract is the annual electricity bill to rise rapidly as the cause. Normally, amount of peak power consumption bill rate at railway substation is over 20% of total electrical bill. Therefore, high-speed railway substation is expected to be considerably larger savings by reducing the peak power of the default charge(demand power).

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

본 논문에서 제안하고자 하는 IPTV 채널캐슁 서비스는 IPTV 서비스의 품질요소인 QoE(Quality of Experience)의 개선을 목적으로 하고 있다. IPTV 채널캐슁 방법은 IPTV 서비스가 실시간 방송 및 VOD(Video On Demand)등 다양한 패턴의 서비스를 선택하는 사용자의 채널요구 패턴을 반영한 인접채널(adjacent-channel)을 멀티캐스트하면, 사용자의 채널전환요구시 제어메시지 전송 및 스위칭에 소요되는 대기시간을 줄여 사용자의 채널전환지연시간을 개선할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 LRFU(Least Recently Frequently Used) 알고리즘에 기반한 MCA(Multicast Channel Agent)을 제안하며, MCA을 구성모듈에 대한 설명을 기술한다.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.109-123
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• 1999

Fleet sizing and empty equipment redistribution are two of the most critical problems in managing a fleet of equipment over a transportation network. Where the demand pattern followed the compound Poisson process(CPP) which can be generated one or more at a time under homogeneous Poisson process(HPP), this paper presented a mathematical model to determine control parameters of a decentralized distribution policy and fleet size in case of the pure hub-and-spoke system, a popular form of a logistics system. and validated this model by simulation. That is, where the number of demanded equipments followed geometric and binomial distributions, respectively, cost models on the pure hub-and-spoke logistics system with deterministic trans-portation times, which could be solved analytically, were established and analyzed. We also compared the deterministic case with stochastic one that the transportation time follows some probability distributions.