• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition of body image and food behavior factors according to the BMI. The subjects of this study were 242 7th grade students resided in San Francisco area. The degree of recognition for self-estimated physique of subjects by gender and by race showed no significant differences by gender but significant differences by race, showing that 20.0% was considered as underweight in Asian and 7.5% was considered as underweight in White students. This showed the same tendency as actual physique status (BMI). Also, the ratio of being recognized as more than overweight was 17.3% in Asian, 23.3% in Hispanic, and 13.4% in White students. In case of female students, the ratio of dieting experience was 63.3%, and 49.3% of White students and 63.3% of Hispanic students experienced dieting. In case of students answered not healthy, their body weight were significantly higher than those answered as healthy, and the BMI was also over 19, showing significant differences. Thus cases that answered as not healthy had greater body weight and BMI. Also it showed that frequent dieting experience is related to higher height and weight. The analysis of food behavior factors perceived by body shape showed that the group perceived itself as overweight consumed more 'fast food' but had low scores in 'vegetables' intake, with frequent intake of 'soda' and tendency to 'overeat'. Also, the tendency for 'balanced life' was significantly lower and for skipping breakfast was significantly higher, suggesting problematic food behavior.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2008

최근 국민 보건의료 환경과 수요양상이 급변하고 있으며, 보건 의료부분의 시장 개방도 가속화되고 있다. 산업구조의 전환에 따른 인력 수요의 변화와 대학 입학자원의 감소는 지금까지 비교적 신입생 모집의 어려움이 적었던 보건의료인력 양성학과나 관련학과의 개설을 강력하게 요구하게 되어 4년제 대학의 의료기사 양성학과들은 지속적으로 증가되고 있다. 이에 따라 3년제 대학 졸업자 의료기사들은 4년제 대학졸업자와의 경쟁 상황에 놓이면서 학위취득에 대한 요구가 증대되면서 다양한 방법으로 학위취득을 위한 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 현재 전문대학에서 학사학위 취득을 위한 학점운행제 운영에 관한 조사에서 60.9%가 인지하고 있었으며, 전공심화 과정의 개설예정에 관한 조사에서도 46.9%가 인지하고 있어, 전문대학에서의 다양한 학위 취득에 관한 적극적인 홍보와 사회적 인식의 변화로 4년제 대학과 동등한 학력으로의 인정을 위한 정책적인 방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2004

This study was accomplished to investigate the recognition and the using practices about food-nutrition labeling system of 20's consumers. Two hundred and fifty-four man and women were examined using the questionnaire. The results were as follows. 1. The degree of recognition of subjects about food-nutrition labeling system was low (43.3％) and the using practices were even lower (18.1％). 2. The items considered as important were in the order of shelf life, manufactured date and cost. 3. The confidence score to the food-nutrition labeling system of consumers was 3.2 and was higher in the females compared to males. 4. The preferred method of food-nutrition labeling was in the order of picture and graphic type method, table type method and descriptive type method. 5. The expected effects of the current food-nutrition labeling system were easy to select foods for the prevention of the adult diseases and diet therapy. From these results, we might propose the conclusion as follows: Food-nutrition labeling system might be a good source of nutrition information and the consumers'demand for disease-prevention and dietary purpose. Therefore, the agencies concerned should make an every effort for the successful implementation of food-nutrition labeling system.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제62권
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• pp.87-109
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• 2014

This article examines the regime for the recognition, enforcement and execution of arbitral awards rendered under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID). The effectiveness of international arbitration depends on the degree of finality of the award and the ease with which the award may be enforced by the prevailing part. The ICSID Convention provides for rigorous finality and seeks to establish optimal preconditions for the enforcement of awards in manner that distinguishes ICSID from other international arbitral regimes. As with other classes of disputes subject to judical or arbitral jurisdiction, most ICSID cases settle. In the cases that do proceed to award, participants must understand what will happen if the losing party fails to comply with the award voluntarily and the prevailing party takes the award through phases known as "recognition", "enforcement" and "execution". Investors should assess possible execution before finalizing investments and certainly before they initiate collection proceedings on ICSID awards. An investor with a monetary award in hand should attempt to locate assets of the losing State and then obtain comparative law advice to identify jurisdictions that allow attachment of at least certain categories of sovereign assets.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2010

This study examined the recognition and purchasing behavior about environment-friendly agricultural produce (EFAP) of housewives in Yeungnam area. The data were collected from 401 housewives by a self-administered questionnaire on April, 2010. Frequencies, t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were conducted by SPSS Windows V.17.0. The results of the survey were as follows: (1) the purchase group of EFAP showed higher degree of concern about health and recognition about EFAP than the non-purchase group, (2) knowledge scores about EFAP were very low for both the purchase and non-purchase groups, (3) levels of confidence in EFAP in the purchase group were higher than those in the non-purchase group, (4) the purchase group considered high price as the main distribution problem about EFAP, whereas the non-purchase group regarded low trust toward producers, and (5) monthly household income (below 2,000,000 won) and confidence in EFAP were the significant factors affecting EFAP.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2013

This paper describes a new technology to develop the character recognition technology based on pattern recognition for non-contacting inspection optical lens slant or precision parts, and including external form state of lens or electronic parts for the performance verification, this development can achieve badness finding. And, establish to existing reflex data because inputting surface badness degree of scratch's standard specification condition directly, and error designed to distinguish from product more than schedule error to badness product by normalcy product within schedule extent after calculate the error comparing actuality measurement reflex data and standard reflex data mutually. Developed system to smallest 1 pixel unit though measuring is possible 1 pixel as $37{\mu}m{\times}37{\mu}m$ ($0.1369{\times}10-4mm^2$) the accuracy to $1.5{\times}10-4mm$ minutely measuring is possible performance verification and trust ability through an experiment prove.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.3121-3143
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• 2019

Segmentation plays an important role in the field of image processing and computer vision. Intuitionistic fuzzy C-means (IFCM) clustering algorithm emerged as an effective technique for image segmentation in recent years. However, standard fuzzy C-means (FCM) and IFCM algorithms are sensitive to noise and initial cluster centers, and they ignore the spatial relationship of pixels. In view of these shortcomings, an improved algorithm based on IFCM is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we propose a modified non-membership function to generate intuitionistic fuzzy set and a method of determining initial clustering centers based on grayscale features, they highlight the effect of uncertainty in intuitionistic fuzzy set and improve the robustness to noise. Secondly, an improved nonlinear kernel function is proposed to map data into kernel space to measure the distance between data and the cluster centers more accurately. Thirdly, the local spatial-gray information measure is introduced, which considers membership degree, gray features and spatial position information at the same time. Finally, we propose a new measure of intuitionistic fuzzy entropy, it takes into account fuzziness and intuition of intuitionistic fuzzy set. The experimental results show that compared with other IFCM based algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better segmentation and clustering performance.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

특징 정규화는 음성 특징 파라미터들의 통계적인 특성의 정규화를 통해 훈련 및 테스트 조건 사이의 환경 불일치의 영향을 감소시키는 방법으로서 기존의 Gaussian mixture model-hidden Markov model(GMM-HMM) 기반의 음성인식 시스템에서 우수한 성능개선을 입증한 바 있다. 하지만 심층신경망(deep neural network, DNN) 기반의 음성인식 시스템에서는 환경 불일치의 영향을 최소화 하는 것이 반드시 최고의 성능 개선으로 연결되지는 않는다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 현상의 원인을 과도한 특징 정규화로 인한 정보손실 때문이라 보고, 음향모델을 훈련 하는데 유용한 정보는 보존하면서 환경 불일치의 영향은 적절히 감소시켜 음성인식 성능을 최대화 하는 특징 정규화 방식이 있는 지 검토해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 평균 정규화(mean normalization, MN)와 평균 및 분산 정규화(mean and variance normalization, MVN)의 절충 방식인 평균 및 지수적 분산 정규화(mean and exponentiated variance normalization, MEVN)를 도입하여, 잡음 및 잔향 환경에서 분산에 대한 정규화의 정도에 따른 DNN 기반의 음성인식 시스템의 성능을 비교한다. 실험 결과, 성능 개선의 폭이 크지는 않으나 분산 정규화의 정도에 따라 MEVN이 MN과 MVN보다 성능이 우수함을 보여준다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 초음파 센서를 이용한 저비용 장애물 인식 장치를 개발한다. 개발된 장애물 인식 장치는 시각 장애인들이 보행시 장애물을 인식하는 데 쓰일 수 있도록 한다. 장애물의 인식 여부는 내장된 모터의 진동을 통하여 시각 장애인들에게 인식이 가능하도록 한다. 뿐만 아니라 장애물의 거리에 따라 대상자에게 장애물 인식 유무에 대해 시간차를 두고 고지하여 대상자가 장애물에 대해 적절한 반응을 수행할 수 있도록 한다. 마이크로 컨트롤러 제어를 통한 펄스 신호를 이용하여 장애물에 대한 반사파를 통해 장애물의 존재 유무와 거리를 탐지하며 펄스 신호를 이용한 반사파 탐지는 반복 수행을 통해 인식률을 높인다. 개발된 장애물 인식 장치는 $30^{\circ}$ 내외의 전방 탐지각을 나타내고, 2cm-30cm의 탐지거리를 가지며 일상적인 보행 조건에서 동작이 가능함을 실험을 통해 입증하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

This paper describes a new technology to develop the character recognition technology based on pattern recognition for non-contacting inspection optical lens slant or precision parts, and including external form state of lens or electronic parts for the performance verification, this development can achieve badness finding. And, establish to existing reflex data because inputting surface badness degree of scratch's standard specification condition directly, and error designed to distinguish from product more than schedule error to badness product by normalcy product within schedule extent after calculate the error comparing actuality measurement reflex data and standard reflex data mutually. Developed system to smallest 1 pixel unit though measuring is possible 1 pixel as $37{\mu}m{\times}37{\mu}m$ ($0.1369{\times}10-4mm^2$) the accuracy to $1.5{\times}10-4mm$ minutely measuring is possible performance verification and trust ability through an experiment prove.