• 약학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2005

There have been rapid changes in the pharmaceutical environment after the separation of Dispensing and Prescribing practice. In the early stage of this system, outpatients had few options to choose their pharmacies due to various obstacles. Under these circumstances, this study on the defection tendency of long-term care patients was performed through the analysis of outpatients who quit visiting a pharmacy nearby general hospital. PowerBuilder ver 9.0 program was used to extract significant data, and SPSS package was employed for statistic analysis. 3,308 outpatients who visited a pharmacy nearby hospital for a month (in January, 2004) were studied. Patients' sex, age and location of residence, the class of medical insurance, the characteristic type of medication (powder, split form, medication for external use/injection), waiting time, disease (department) were considered as variable factors. It turned out that the patient revisit ratio was 80.8$\%$ and the patient defection ratio was 32.4$\%$. As was expected, those factors mentioned above influenced on the revisit and defection ratio considerably. In terms of patient factors, it proved that there was no relationship among sex, location of residence, the class of medical insurance and revisit (defection) ratio. Only age factor influenced the ratio; the older, the higher revisit ratio and the less defection ratio. In respect of dispensing factors, there were obvious relationships among the factors and the ratio: bill (money they had to pay individually), waiting time, number of medications, splitting of tablets, unit price of drug and revisit (defection) ratio showed significant relationship. The result of this study revealed an aspect of outpatients' behavior and it could be used as a reference for better patient service and customer relationship management.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

시험도로 줄눈 콘크리트포장에 대하여 48시간 동안 시간에 따른 처짐의 변화를 측정하였고 이를 이용하여 컬링거동의 보정방안을 도출하였다. 임의 시간 슬래브의 중앙 처짐/줄눈 처짐이 임의 시간 중앙 처짐/기준 시간 중앙 처짐 사이의 관계를 회귀분석을 통해서 얻어내었다. 임의시간에 측정된 처짐으로부터 하루 가운데 최소 처짐이 나타나는 기준시간 처짐으로의 변환은 회귀곡선을 통해 추정 하였고 데이터 축적을 통해 컬링거동 보정 방안의 하나로 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

It is not easy to correctly predict deflections of reinforced concrete beams and one-way slabs due to the variability of parameters involved in the calculation of deflections. Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the variability of deflections with known statistical data and probability distributions of variables. A deterministic deflection value is obtained using the layered beam model based on the finite element approach in which a finite element is divided into a number of layers over the depth. The model takes into account nonlinear effects such as cracking, creep and shrinkage. Statistical parameters were obtained from the literature. For the assessment of variability of deflections, 12 cases of one-way slabs and T-beams are designed on the basis of ultimate moment capacity. Several results of a probabilistic study are presented to indicate general trends indicated by results and demonstrate the effect of certain design parameters on the variability of deflections. From simulation results, the variability of deflections relies primarily on the ratio of applied moment to cracking moment and the corre-sponding reinforcement ratio.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes for removal of particulate materials (i.e., turbidity, microorganisms and viruses) have been used to produce drinking water with higher quality. As membrane filtration technique has become widely applied for drinking water treatment, the importance of membrane integrity test (MIT) has also been increasingly emphasized. The results of pressure decay test (PDT) were presented in the paper to monitor membrane integrity. In this paper the PDT was carried out with deliberately-defected membrane fibers to evaluate the sensitivity of PDT on membrane fiber damage. Variation of pressure decay rate and removal rate were investigated to evaluate the impact of defection (defection ratio) and pore size of membrane. The membrane integrity could be successfully monitored by the PDT. The pressure decay rate varied from $0.002{\sim}0.189kg_f/cm^2hr$ with the initial pressure ranged from 0.2 to $1.0kg_f/cm^2hr$. Higher initial pressure which provided with higher pressure decay rate was preferred to evaluate the defection of membrane fiber. As for the particle removal rate, the Log Removal Rate (LRV) of kaolin solution decreased significantly from 3.78 to 2.31 when one fiber out of 3,200 fibers was cut. The membranes with different pore size were tested to evaluate virus removal efficiency. The virus removal rate of the MF membrane ($0.1{\mu}m$) was about 30% although the poliovirus was smaller than the pore size of the MF membrane, indicating that the removal rate was much lower than Korea Water Works Association (KWWA) certificate LRV of 1.5.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

In this paper, foam-composite sandwich structures for EDM machine tool components such as column and column block designed by controlling stacking sequences and cross-sectional dimensions of the composite structures. The original column block is a box-shaped structure made of aluminum connecting a column and a Z-stage of the system. This research was focused on the design of efficient column block structure using a foam-composite sandwich structure which have good bending stiffness and damping characteristics to reduce the mass and increase damping ratio of the system. Vibration tests for getting damping ratio with respect to the stacking angle and thickness of the composites were carried out. Finite element analyses for static defection and vibration behaviour were also carried out to find out the appropriate stacking conditions; that is, stacking sequence and rib configuration. From the test and analysis results it was found that composite-foam sandwich structures for the microfactory system can be successful alternatives for high precision machining.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2019

A comparison study between computational-fluid-dynamics simulation and wind tunnel test for a megawatt-class wind turbine is conducted. For the study, flow-field in wake, basic aerodynamic performance, and effect of the yaw error for a 1/86 scaled-down model of the NREL offshore 5 MW wind turbine are numerically calculated using commercial software "FloEFD" with $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. The computed results are compared to the wind tunnel test performed by the constant-velocity mode for the model. It is shown that discrepancy are found between the two results at lower tip-speed ratio and higher yaw angle, however, the velocity-defection distribution in the wake, the torque coefficient at moderated and high tip-speed ratios are in good agreement with the wind tunnel test.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.395-399
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• 1999

Backgroud: Excess abdominal fat, expressed as an increased ratio of waist to hip circumferences (WHR), is independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure. Although a WHR greater than 1.0 in men has been shown to predict complications from obesity, the WHR has not been evaluated in all ethnic groups. Methods: In order to ascertain the association between WHR and classification of blood pressure and to investigate the critical value of WHR as a predictive factor of hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, we compared the mean of WHRs according to the classification of blood pressure in Seoul Cohort participants. Results: Through a surrey of direct measurement of waist and hip girth, 452 subjects were recruited from the cohort. The mean of WHR was 0.88 and its standard deviation was 0.04. The mean of WHRs was higher in the systolic blood pressure group (above 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (above 90 mmHg), and hypertension group than in the systolic blood pressure group (below 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (below 90 mmHg), and normotensive group, respectively. And WHR of above 0.89 was associated with hypertension (z-value =6.66). Conclusion: It is necessary for Korean males with WHR greater than 0.89 to recommend the primary prevention and early defection of hypertension.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems and the sources of defective products and draw improvement plans in a small plastic boat manufacturing process using TOC (Theory Of Constraints) and statistical analysis. TOC is a methodology to present a scheme for optimization of production process by finding the CCR (Capacity Constraints Resource) in the organization or the all production process through the concentration improvement activity. In this paper, we found and reformed constraints and bottlenecks in plastic boat manufacturing process in the target company for less defect ratio and production cost by applying DBR (Drum, Buffer, Rope) scheduling. And we set the threshold values for the critical process variables using statistical analysis. The result can be summarized as follows. First, CCRs in inventory control, material mix, and oven setting were found and solutions were suggested by applying DBR method. Second, the logical thinking process was utilized to find core conflict factors and draw solutions. Third, to specify the solution plan, experiment data were statistically analyzed. Data were collected from the daily journal addressing the details of 96 products such as temperature, humidity, duration and temperature of heating process, rotation speed, duration time of cooling, and the temperature of removal process. Basic statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted with the defection as the dependent variable. Finally, critical values for major processes were proposed based on the analysis. This paper has a practical importance in contribution to the quality level of the target company through theoretical approach, TOC, and statistical analysis. However, limited number of data might depreciate the significance of the analysis and therefore it will be interesting further research direction to specify the significant manufacturing conditions across different products and processes.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권5_6호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

VOD 서비스는 멀티미디어의 특성인 높은 대역폭과 긴 재생시간으로 인해 서버와 네트워크의 자원 소비가 높다. 패칭과 채널 예약 패칭 같은 여러 가지 기법들이 네트워크 입출력 대역폭 요구를 감소시키기 위해 제안되었다. 패칭은 True VOD의 실현을 위하여 새로운 클라이언트들을 기존의 멀티캐스트와 결합하는 것을 허용하고, 채널 예약 패칭은 사용자들의 요청이 집중되어 있는 인기 비디오 요청을 서비스하기 위하여 비디오 서버의 전체 채널 용량의 일부를 예약한다. 본 논문에서는 채널 예약 패칭의 성능을 개선시키기 위하여 비디오 서버의 예약 채널 용량을 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법의 성능은 시뮬레이션을 통해 평균 서비스 지연시간, 이탈율 그리고 공평성으로 평가하고, 패칭과 다른 채널 예약 패칭의 성능과 비교한다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2008

철근콘크리트 휨 부재에서 현행 설계기준들의 처짐 계산 규정은 콘크리트의 균열 후 보의 휨강성이 감소하는 것을 반영한 유효 단면2차모멘트의 개념을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 기준식의 유효 단면2차모멘트는 하중을 받는 보의 최대 모멘트와 균열모멘트에 의하여 계산하며, 처짐에 영향을 미치는 경간, 단부구속, 단면의 크기, 하중 분포, 재료 및 단면 성질, 균열의 양과 확장 등의 여러 영향인자들에 대하여는 적절한 고려가 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 단순보를 대상으로 처짐 계산에 필요한 유효 단면2차모멘트에 대한 실험 자료를 제공하고, 국내 기준식 및 다른 연구자들의 제안식을 수정 보완하여 제안하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 콘크리트강도와 피복두께, 철근비 및 철근 직경을 주요변수로 하여 총 14개의 철근콘크리트 보 실험체를 제작하였으며, 실험을 통하여 구한 유효 단면2차모멘트와 설계 기준에 의한 값, 기존의 제안식 및 본 연구에서 제안된 식에 의한 값들을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 균열 구간의 길이, 철근비 및 철근 한 개당 콘크리트의 유효 인장단면적을 고려하여 이 연구에서 제안한 유효 단면2차모멘트 예측식은 기존의 제안식들에 비하여 실험값에 더욱 근접한 결과를 나타내었다.