• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2007

The crude ethanol extract of leaves of Sonneratia caseolaris Linn. (Sonneratiaceae) was screened for its antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid induced writhing in mice at dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P<0.01) comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. When tested for its antidiarrhoeal effects on castor oil induced diarrhea in mice, it increased mean latent period and decreased the frequency of defecation significantly at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05) comparable to the standard drug loperamide at the dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. The overall results tend to suggest the antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities of the extract.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2007

The methanol extract of leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) was screened for its antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities. The extract produced significant inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.001), comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight (P < 0.001). When tested for its antidiarrhoeal effects on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, it increased mean latent period (P < 0.02) and decreased the frequency of defecation (P < 0.01) significantly at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, comparable to the standard drug loperamide at the dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. The overall results tend to suggest the antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities of the extract.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2267-2277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks of abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) by Volunteers on the relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects were 38 hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Data were collected from May 9 to June 19, 2011. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant difference noted in the amount of defecation(F=3.56, p=.033) by time. 2. There were no significant difference was noted in the frequency of defecation, the frequency of suppository or enema application by time. Accordingly, it is concluded that AMMAO would be an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2021

This case study reports the effects of complex Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon, on Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) accompanied by chronic constipation and abdominal pain as the main symptoms. A 39-year-old woman diagnosed with LEMS with major symptoms, including chronic constipation and acute abdominal pain, received Western treatment. The treatment efficacy was weak and symptoms recurred, so the patient received outpatient treatment and 13 days of hospitalization for active Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon. During outpatient treatment and hospitalization, defecation frequency and the numeric rating scale (NRS) for abdominal pain and abdominal cold feeling were measured. The NRS for abdominal pain and cold decreased from 8 at admission to 3 and 0, respectively, at discharge. Defecation frequency increased significantly from once or twice a month to once every 2-3 days during hospitalization. This study results that complex Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon may be useful for treating patients who mainly complain of autonomic neurological symptoms, among patients diagnosed with LEMS. In addition, it is believed that it could be basic data applicable to more LEMS patient treatment cases.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.511-520
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• 2020

Purpose: Thickened infant formulas reduce regurgitation frequency and volume. Because the digestive tolerance of locust bean gum-containing formulas is controversial, the effectiveness and tolerance of a locust bean gum-thickened formula in infants presenting with regurgitation was evaluated. No other interventions were allowed during the 1 month follow-up period. Methods: We conducted an open, prospective, observational study of a locust bean gum-thickened formula administered to infants presenting with moderate to severe regurgitation according to parents during 1 month. Effectiveness and tolerance were assessed by evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life indicators. Results: A total of 2,604 infants with an average age of 9.3±4.3 weeks were included in this 1 month trial. Regurgitation frequency and estimated volume decreased significantly (p<0.001) and the episodes were resolved completely in 48% of the infants. A significant decrease in duration of crying and episodes of gas (p<0.001), with improvement in quality of life parameters, was observed. Stool frequency increased and stool consistency softened (p<0.001) to levels within the physiologic range, consistent with the increased fiber load (0.42 g/100 mL). Conclusion: Locust bean gum-thickened formula decreased infant regurgitation, was well tolerated, and improved parental quality of life. Stool composition and frequency of the infants remained within the physiologic range.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the reproductive behavior of the barn swallow. The study was carried out in Gwangju, Korea during the 2013 breeding season. In the morning, the nest-building frequency was 14.2~31.0 trips/h (10.2~19.8 trips/h by male and 4.0~11.4 trips/h by female). The nest-building activity took 7.6~15.9 min/h (4.8~8.1 min/h by male and 2.8~8.0 min/h by female). The nest-building time by female ($40.0{\pm}27.9sec/trip$) was about 1.5 times longer than the nest-building time by male ($26.1{\pm}15.5sec/trip$). Only the female incubated the eggs. The Incubation time was $50.6{\pm}17.5min/h$ (84%) at 6h, 24.5 min/h (40.8%) at 7h and 15.6 min/h (26.0%) thereafter. During daytime, the female incubation time showed a highly significant difference (p<0.001), and the incubation time at 6h was higher than that at other times. There was a significantly negative correlation between female incubation time and the mean air temperature(p<0.05). The frequency of feeding was $385.2{\pm}66.9trips/nest$ in the daytime ($219.2{\pm}37.1trips/nest$ by male and $166.0{\pm}30.8trips/nest$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour was $32.1{\pm}12.3trips/h$ ($18.3{\pm}7.8trips/h$ by male and $14.3{\pm}4.5trips/h$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour showed a significant difference in the range of 10h(p<0.05) and 15h(p<0.01) by sex. The time of feeding by female ($40.9{\pm}83.3sec/trip$) was longer than the time of feeding by male ($12.3{\pm}31.0sec/trip$). The juvenile defecation frequency was $45.6{\pm}8.4times/nest$ per day and showed a positive correlation with feeding frequency (p<0.05). The results of this study will be helpful in understanding the reproductive behaviors of the swallow adapted to the environment in Korea.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.248-261
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the decision making process of prescribing Yeoldahanso-tang and Taeeumjowi-tang Choweseuncheng-tang using decision tree. Methods We used collected the prospective clinical data of TE type from September 2012 to July 2015. In this study, we used gender, BMI, blood pressure, pulse and clinical symptoms (digestion, sweat, defecation, urination, sleep, physical status, emotion, heat-coldness, water consumption, facial color) as variables. Decision trees were analyzed using open source R version 3.3.2. Results & Conclusions We found that the decision trees differed among institutions. However, in all institutions, it was found that stool type (ordinary symptom), urine frequency (ordinary and present symptom) and anxiety (ordinary symptom) were important in the decision of prescription. Besides, clinical informations such as sex, Body Mass Index and blood pressure affected the prescription decision.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The ethanol extract of leaves of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco (Myrsinaceae) was screened for its antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.001), which was comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. When tested for its antidiarrhoeal effects on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice, it increased mean latent period and decreased the frequency of defecation significantly at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (P<0.05; P<0.01) comparable to the standard drug loperamide at the dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Moreover, when tested for toxicity using brine shrimp, the extract showed potent activity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina ($LC_{50}$ 10 mg/ml). The overall results tend to suggest the antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities of the extract.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.865-874
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• 2018

This paper is about a smart pillow, and a smart diaper. The smart pillow analyzes the frequency of a baby's cry and applies its digital value to the band pass filter. If the crying is between 300-600Hz, the white noise comes out. The smart diaper alerts to the smart phone if the humidity outside the diaper is over 99%, or the temperature is over $29^{\circ}C$ after the defecation of the baby. The smart diaper also prevents choking of the baby by alert to smart phone if they are in a dangerous position by sensing the location of the infant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 1974

The Yellow needle crystal was isolated from Atractylis Rhizoma, having mp $124{\sim}126^{\circ}C$(decomp.), the chemical composition $C_{16}H_{21}N_{3}O_{6}$, and its m.w. 251. The pharmacological actions of this alkaloid were studied by various psycopharmacological experiments. 1) In order to see the effect of this Atractylis(=At.) alkaloid on gross general behaviors in mice, a behavioral analysis experiment was adapted. The occurrence number of sleep and lying in At. alkaloidal animals with the doses 10mg/kg or 20mg/kg was increased but the number of jumping, exploration, rearing and defecation was significantly decreased than those of placebo. 2) The effect of the At. alkaloid on unlearned emotional behaviors of mice was studied with an open-field method. The At. alkaloidal groups with the doses 20mg/kg or 30mg/kg showed less often the frequency of locomotion than that of placebo. 3) To know the effect of the At. alkaloid on the learning, a standard water maze experiment and conditioned avoidance response were conducted. As compared to placebo control, the aquisition rate of the maze learning in the alkaloidal mice with the dose of 10mg/kg or 20mg/kg was significantly impaired and the speed of swimming was also signficantly delayed. In the conditioned avoidance response, the extinction performances of the alkaloidal rats with doses of 20mg/kg or 30mg/kg did not differ significantly than that of placebo.