• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.229-240
• /
• 2004

This article aimed to suggest a program for environmental protection and sustainable development in southwest Primorskii Krai of the Russian federation by analysis of Natural conditions, natural resources and current economic activities. Issues relating to protecting unique biodiversity toward economic development are examined. Special attention is given to functional zoning of the Russian part of lower Tumen River drainage. Functional zoning is key to protecting the unique biodiversity found in wet and marshlands of the lower Tumen River. Recommendations for acceptable economic activity are provided. The major components for a Sustainable Development Program in this area are: to define economically effective and ecologically acceptable types of regional activity (aquaculture; deer farming; recreation) and effective forms of territorial organization; to determine the restrictions on regional industrial and economic development; to organize rational regional land use by carrying out functional zoning and by coordinating this activity with all land users, including restructuring existing protected territories into a single system and include it into an international biospheric network.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.5063-5070
• /
• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease occurs in cattle or wild animal with two hooves such as cow, pig, sheep, goat, and deer. In this study, survey on knowledge, awareness, and lifestyle about foot-and-mouth disease was performed on 398 elementary school in 5 regions in Gyeonggi-do. 49 people (92.5%) from the group who have been educated about the foot-and-mouth disease replied that they have heard of foot-and-mouth disease and 139 people (68.5%) from the group who have not been educated about the disease replied that they have not heard of the disease. About the knowledge regarding "Foot-and-mouth disease virus is destroyed at temperatures above $50^{\circ}C$, so cooked food is free from the virus", only 26 people (49.1%) from the educated group and 82 people (40.4%) have correct knowledge. When asked about when education on disease such as foot-and-mouth disease, both groups replied that the education should be done in elementary school. The FMD includes in Korea and is a disease where the infection occurrence is happening continuously from the various nation. Must prepare with a recognition and the knowledge where the people are proper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2021

The new town in Korea, developed as a large-scale housing plan, has created urban ecological corridors to provide habitat and movement routes to wildlife and to promote natural ecological flow. This study aimed to investigate the use of wildlife in 10 ecological corridors in Gwanggyo New Town through camera trap technology and confirm effectiveness by identifying environmental factors affecting the use of wildlife's urban ecological corridors. Our researchers installed 20 unmanned sensor cameras at each the entrance and exit of the ecological corridors, and monitored urban wildlife for 10 weeks. According to the monioring results, the main species in Gwanggyo New Town were identified not only raccons, cats, water deer, korean hare and avain but also magpies, dove, eurasian tree sparrow, ring-necked pheasant, and eurasian jay. The number of uses ecological corridors of urban residents was 801(13.49%), as high as that of urban wildlife (1,140, 19.20%), which was judged to have disturbed the use of ecological corridors by wildlife. However, most dominant species of urban wildlife are nocturnal so that, it was judged that they share home range with urban residents at a time interval. In addition, according to the correlation analysis results between the mammal using rate of the urban ecological corridors and environmental factors(ecological corridor-specific length, ecological corridor-specific width, cover degree, shielding degree, connected green area, separation of movement routes, and presence of streetlights), environmental factors were not statistically significant. However, the more the area of green space connected to ecological corridors, the more increasing the mammal using rate of ecological corridor(r=0.71, p<0.05). Therefore, the area of green space connected to the ecological corridors that is associated with rate of wildlife using corridors should be considered as a priority when developing an urban ecological corridors. In the future, this study will extend the observation period of the ecological corridors and continuously accumulate data by adding the number of observation cameras. Furthermore, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for the standards for urban ecological corridors installation.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2017

There are many uncertainty to understand the ways in which Paleolithic men hunted animals. But in the meantime, We can identify a part of the hunting activities of the old people through artworks left by the paleolithic people at that time. First is the size of the hunt. In the case of painted artwork, the size of the herd does not exceed 10 people. Therefore, a small group of about 10 people would go out for a hunt, and they could see that the size of the herd varied according to the hunting target. In other words, to catch large and wild beasts like bison, you can see that it consists of nine or seven groups. In order to catch the horse, the same large animal, we can see that six people joined together. On the other hand, a group of two or three people hunting a relatively small, mild animal such as a deer would have been enough. Therefore, the size of the hunting herd was less than 10 people, and the size of the hunting herd seemed to be slightly different for each animal. Second, it is confirmed that these groups have a well-divided role. Because all nine of them were hunted out, they were divided into four small groups, which is likely to imply that the role of each group was different. Third, we can see that most of the weapons of the hunting herds were spears. The production and use of stone tools have been progressively developed, making a small stoner, a small stoneware, and connecting it to the spears, making it more efficient to hunt. This kind of composite wool connecting stone tools and wood would have been the most efficient means of hunting.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the composition change in different sections of elk velvet antler at 90 days. The following parameters were analyzed: moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, pH, minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb), amino acids, and fatty acids. Dry matter, crude fiber, and crude ash contents were higher in the base of the antlers and lower in the tip. In contrast, crude protein and crude fat contents were highest in the tip. Moisture content was high in the upper and medium sections of the antlers, but the difference was not significant. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) contents were high in the base of the antlers, potassium (K) content was high in the tip of the antlers, and zinc (Zn) content showed no difference between antler sections. Saturated fatty acid content was highest in the base of the antlers, whereas unsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the tip. Among unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid content was high in the tip of the antler, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid content was high in the upper section of the antler. Essential amino acid content was highest in the upper section of the antler, whereas non-essential amino acid content was lowest in the base. Crude protein, crude fat, K, and unsaturated fatty acid content tended to be high in the tip of the antler, and essential amino acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents tended to be high in the upper section of the antler. The tip of the antler had the highest nutrient content. In order to prevent cardiovascular disease, consumption of a certain amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids from the upper section of the antler could be beneficial in terms of pharmacological efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.162-169
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to assess the roles of soil and vegetation on the nutrient cycling in paddy ecosystem where excessive amounts of animal wastes were flowed in due to the rain. Experimental sites included one abandoned and four cropping paddy fields which were moderately terraced under a small farm village raising 90 milk cows and 35 deer under open-air condition. The watershed covered 4 ha with every 50% of uptown and fodder crops. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ in waste water flowed into the abandoned paddy field, enforced by the rain of $56.4mm\;day^{-1}$, were $8.3mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$ and $1.8mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$, respectively. Total mass of rainfall inflow to abandoned field during rice growing period (1 May to 30 Sept.) was $20,900Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Total amounts of $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ contained in that inflow were estimated as 173 kg and 38 kg, respectively. Concentrations in the outflow water through one abandoned and four rice paddy fields were reduced by 92% for $NH_4-N$ and 95% for $P_2O_5$, as compared to those in the inflows. The reserved portions of nutrients in the abandoned paddy field ecosystem, which were the summation of the uptake by weed and residues in soil, were 29% of the inflow amount for $NH_4-N$ and 30% for $P_2O_5$. These results demonstrated that soil and vegetation in paddy field ecosystem reduced the excessive nutrients from the animal waste inflow to the extents that might be suitable not only for the better growth of rice plant, located at the lower paddy fields, but also for preservation of the downstream from eutrophication.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to examine housewives' knowledge level of herb medicine and its related factors in Korea. Data were collected from 667 housewives from April 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 29.1$\%$ of the subjects was over fifties. 28.6$\%$ was primary school graduate. while 25.5$\%$ was high school graduate. In case of job, the unemployed was 67.0$\%$ and professional／clerical worker was 19.6$\%$. 82.0$\%$ had spouses and 45.7$\%$ believed in Buddha. 50.8$\%$ of the subjects lived in big cities and 76.7$\%$ was the middle class. In case of their health condition, 33.4$\%$ was in good health, while 5 1.1$\%$ suffered from certain diseases and 43.9$\%$ was not satisfied with health conditions. 2. The proportion of experience in taking herb medicine was 86.4$\%$. The marital status and health condition were significantly related to the experience in taking herb medicine. When the respondents took diseases, 68.0$\%$ of them were experienced in folk remedy. The variables of age and religion were significantly related to experience in folk remedy. 3. According to the respondents opinions of the effect of the folk remedy, 'effective' was 78.5$\%$ and 'common' was 17.6$\%$, while 'not effective' was 3.9$\%$. 59.3$\%$ of the respondents thought that the folk remedy had scientific basis. 4. In case of information sources on herb medicine, 59.7$\%$ of the respondents obtained the information from TV or Radio. 13.7$\%$ of them got it from magazines related to Oriental medicine and 13.3$\%$ of them obtained it from newspapers or related books. The information sources were significantly related to age and health condition. The knowledge level of herb medicine was 20.76${\pm}$2.66 point on the basis of 30 points. The knowledge level was significantly related to age, occupation, health condition, information sources, experience in taking herb medicine, and opinions of scientific basis of the folk remedy. 5. The respondents marked 2.23${\pm}$0.64 points on the basis of 3.0 points in the question of the effect of taking herb medicine in summer, 2.30${\pm}$0.61 points in the question of the relationship between taking deer antlers and becoming clear-headed, 2.72${\pm}$0.56 points in the question of ginseng, 2.51${\pm}$0.56 points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and being harmful to the liver, 1.94${\pm}$0.74 points in the question of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, 1.84${\pm}$0.78 points in the question of the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, 2.00${\pm}$0.83 points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and getting fat, 1.76${\pm}$0.89 points in the question of the relationship between Ssanghwatang and cold, 2.15${\pm}$0.76 points in the question of taking honey, and 1.45${\pm}$0.77 points in the question of selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine. 6. The factors influencing decision of taking herb medicine were experience of taking herb medicine, intention of receiving treatment by folk remedy, occupation, health condition, and age. As seen in the above results, the knowledge level of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, Ssanghwatang, honey, and selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine was very low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs in order to provide community residents with basic knowledge of herb medicine. In doing so, the government, Oriental medical doctors, and associations related to herb medicine must make great efforts.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.96-116
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to examine housewives' knowledge level of herb medicine and its related factors in Korea. Data were collected from 667 housewives from April 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 29.1% of the subjects was over fifties. 28.6% was primary school graduate. while 25.5% was high school graduate. In case of job, the unemployed was 67.0% and professional／clerical worker was 19.6%. 82.0% had spouses and 45.7% believed in Buddha. 50.8% of the subjects lived in big cities and 76.7% was the middle class. In case of their health condition, 33.4% was in good health, while 51.1% suffered from certain diseases and 43.9% was not satisfied with health conditions. 2. The proportion of experience in taking herb medicine was 86.4%. The marital status and health condition were significantly related to the experience in taking herb medicine. When the respondents took diseases, 68.0% of them were experienced in folk remedy. The variables of age and religion were significantly related to experience in folk remedy. 3. According to the respondents opinions of the effect of the folk remedy, 'effective' was 78.5% and 'common' was 17.6%, while 'not effective' was 3.9%. 59.3% of the respondents thought that the folk remedy had scientific basis. 4. In case of information sources on herb medicine, 59.7% of the respondents obtained the information from TV or Radio. 13.7% of them got it from magazines related to Oriental medicine and 13.3% of them obtained it from newspapers or related books. The information sources were significantly related to age and health condition. The knowledge level of herb medicine was $20.76{\pm}2.66$ point on the basis of 30 points. The knowledge level was significantly related to age, occupation, health condition, information sources, experience in taking herb medicine, and opinions of scientific basis of the folk remedy. 5. The respondents marked $2.23{\pm}0.64$ points on the basis of 3.0 points in the question of the effect of taking herb medicine in summer, $2.30{\pm}0.61$ points in the question of the relationship between taking deer antlers and becoming clear-headed, $2.72{\pm}0.56$ points in the question of ginseng, $2.51{\pm}0.56$ points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and being harmful to the liver, $1.94{\pm}0.74$ points in the question of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, $1.84{\pm}0.78$ points in the question of the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, $2.00{\pm}0.83$ points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and getting fat, $1.76{\pm}0.89$ points in the question of the relationship between Ssanghwatang and cold, $2.15{\pm}0.76$ points in the question of taking honey, and $1.45{\pm}0.77$ points in the question of selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine. 6. The factors influencing decision of taking herb medicine were experience of taking herb medicine, intention of receiving treatment by folk remedy, occupation, health condition, and age. As seen in the above results, the knowledge level of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, Ssanghwatang, honey, and selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine was very low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs in order to provide community residents with basic knowledge of herb medicine. In doing so, the government, Oriental medical doctors, and associations related to herb medicine must make great efforts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.1157-1176
• /
• 2003

The following conclusions are induced from a study on the acupuncture therapy depending on hyungsang of the persons. The study is made on the basis of 'Internal classic (內經)& and &Clinical Lectures by Dr. Jeesan&. The acupuncture originated from the treatment of spasm with numbness in the southern area. The acupuncture is basically a remedy for the exterior disease of meridian but also it can be a cure for the interior disease of Jang and obstinate disease with accurate method. Three mechanisms of acupuncture are described in 'Internal classic'. The first is to make meridian circulate smoothly. The second is to regulate Ki and Hyul. The third is to regulate points through which the meridian-Ki goes in and out smoothly or adversely. There are two ways of acupuncture in 'Internal classic'. One is based on pulse and symptom and the other on the Hyungsang. The former is more generally used therapy, to which depletion method, Asi point method(阿是穴 療法), Inyoung-kigu pulse comparison method (人迎氣口脈法) and method depending on jang-bu disease belong. Acupuncture is done on Su points(輸穴) and back-su point(背兪穴) in case of jang-disease. In case of bu-disease, the treatment is done on Hap points(合穴) and Mo-points(募穴). The latter includes two methods; one according to invariable Hyungsang. And the other to variable Hyungsang. The method of acupuncture according to invariable Hyungsang usually selects Won-points(原穴). Different Hyungsang requires different method of acupuncture; In case of Dam type, the acupuncture is mainly practiced on four-Kwan points with reinforcing and reducing methods achieved by the direction of the needle tip pointing to. In case of Bangkwang type, the acupuncture is usually done on Jungwan(中脘) and Poongyung(豊隆) with reinforcing and reducing methods by means of respiration. In case of female, more effective are the acupoints on the right and lateral parts of the body selected on the basis of five su-points of the twelve meridians matching the heavenly stems and earthly branches. In case of male, more effective are the acupoints on the left, front and rear parts of the eight extra meridians. In case of acupuncture to the person with Hyungsang of five jang and six bu, each person's intrinsic Hyung, color, pulse, must be observed. Because symptoms of jang-bu disease also must be checked up. Acupuncture is done on the Won-points of the meridians related to the jang and bu where the disease starts. The disease of five jang is so obstinate that it requires both of medication and acupuncture for a long time. In case of acupuncture to the person with Hyungsang of animal types, diagnosis is made on the basis of shape, temper, function and color. And the treatment is given on the Won-points of corresponding exterior and interior meridians. For the fish type, the acupuncture is done on the kidney meridian of foot-soyin and the urinary bladder of foot-taiyang. For the bird type, on the heart meridian of hand-soyin, the pericardium meridian of hand-gualyin, and the small intestine meridian of hand-taiyang For the deer type, on the liver meridian of foot-gualyin and the gallbladder meridian of foot-soyang. For the turtle type, on the lung meridian of hand-taiyin and the large intestine meridian of hand-yangmyung.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.63-94
• /
• 2005

ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty was a kind of traditional painting which sublimated the philosophy and emotion of everyday life into an aesthetic consciousness through a long history of Korean people . It would represent a human wish and desire to live a long and healthy life, which was implicated by way of Taoism. The major themes of ChangSayng-Do - mountains, the sun, cloud, water, rock, deer, tortoises, cranes, pine trees, bamboos, peaches, and herbs of eternal youth - were all symbols used. to wish for a long-life and immortality in real world. All or some of these items were represented in paintings, which resulted in the various kinds of ChangSayng-Do. The main concern of this thesis will be centered around the naturalistic subjects shown in ChangSayng-Do. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes the purpose of and need for the research, and its method and scope. The second chapter deals with the origin and style of ChangSayng-Do, and the background of its formation. It is found out that the formative characteristic of ChangSayng-Do lies in the archetype, the unity of man and nature following the traditional view of nature. It is also found out that ChangSayng-Do implied the notions of Supernatural Being, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, Taoism, and Confucianism as well as Korean shamanism. Third chapter is largely about an analytic investigation into symbolic visualization of ChangSayng-Do. Firstly, the subject matters shown in ChangSayng-Do consist of items of wishful omen for long-life and good luck, and any motif in a picture implies a symbolism of eternal youth and long-life. Secondly, the view of colors shown in ChangSayng-Do is closely connected to Five Elements and Five Direction, a traditional oriental philosophy of universe, and these symbolic colors are based on shamanism and Yin/Yang-Five Elements. According to an iconological analysis, it is confirmed that these viewpoints are consistent with formative principles and expressive methods of ChangSayng-Do to some extent. The fourth chapter is one of the most important elements for visualization of ChangSayng-Do. The symbolic meaning of long life and good luck is the major source of its popularity inside the palace as well as among the people in general. The fact that ChangSayng-Do was used to ornament the palace was documented in $\lceil$UiGuey(documents about Chosun dynasty$\rfloor$. Also during the late period of Chosun dynasty, the appreciators of arts had begun to spread from high level class to lower level class, and many pictures represented in $\lceil$Hanyang-Ga$\rfloor$ were the ones produced and circulated for those increased consumers. As for the folk-artistic characteristics, the anonymity and arbitrary naturalness of ChangSayng-Do demonstrates that the folk-artistic elements were fully soaked into the life styles of people in general. ChangSayng-Do further shows that a human being is located in the center of the universe, and that all the natural phenomena and ecology are observed to happen around human beings, and that the results of those happenings are connected to man's course of life. It is discovered that the subject matters of ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty imply another idea inside metaphors and symbols. With regard to the arrangement of time and space, the unity or oneness of oneself with the world is more highly regarded than one's individual subjectivity: there exist multiple times and spaces in a single picture This reveals a wholistic view of oneness which does not permit the division between phenomenon and substance. To conclude, this thesis inquired into ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty focusing on the expression of archetype-symbols. And through the analysis and demonstration, this thesis re-established constructional principles and formative characteristics of ChangSayng-Do and then settled a new phase of ChangSayng-Do, with a deep under-standing of fundamental thoughts of Korean people underlying ChangSayng-Do.