Assessment of the Functions of Vegetation and Soil on the Nutrient Cycling in Paddy Field Ecosystem with Inflow of Animal Wastes

빗물에 의해 축산폐수가 유입되는 논 생태계에서 영양물질 순환에 미치는 토양과 식생의 영향평가

This study was carried out to assess the roles of soil and vegetation on the nutrient cycling in paddy ecosystem where excessive amounts of animal wastes were flowed in due to the rain. Experimental sites included one abandoned and four cropping paddy fields which were moderately terraced under a small farm village raising 90 milk cows and 35 deer under open-air condition. The watershed covered 4 ha with every 50% of uptown and fodder crops. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ in waste water flowed into the abandoned paddy field, enforced by the rain of $56.4mm\;day^{-1}$, were $8.3mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$ and $1.8mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$, respectively. Total mass of rainfall inflow to abandoned field during rice growing period (1 May to 30 Sept.) was $20,900Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Total amounts of $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ contained in that inflow were estimated as 173 kg and 38 kg, respectively. Concentrations in the outflow water through one abandoned and four rice paddy fields were reduced by 92% for $NH_4-N$ and 95% for $P_2O_5$, as compared to those in the inflows. The reserved portions of nutrients in the abandoned paddy field ecosystem, which were the summation of the uptake by weed and residues in soil, were 29% of the inflow amount for $NH_4-N$ and 30% for $P_2O_5$. These results demonstrated that soil and vegetation in paddy field ecosystem reduced the excessive nutrients from the animal waste inflow to the extents that might be suitable not only for the better growth of rice plant, located at the lower paddy fields, but also for preservation of the downstream from eutrophication.

젖소 90 마리, 사슴 35 마리를 노천에서 사육하는 유역면적 약 4ha의 농촌에서 빗물 유거수에 의한 축산분뇨 유출수가 하류에 있는 휴경답과 벼재배지에 유입될 때 빗물에 함유된 영양물질의 행방을 조사하여 논 생태계의 물질순환계에서 식생과 토양의 생태학적 기능을 평가하였다. 하루 56.4 mm의 비가 오는 날의 빗물 유거수중 $NH_4-N$ 함량은 $8.3mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$ 이었고, $P_2O_5$ 함량은 $1.8mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$ 이었다. 약 4 ha의 소수계에서 벼 재배 기간중 최상 위치의 휴경답으로 유입되는 빗물의 양은 20.900 Mg 였으며, 이 빗물 유거수에 함유되어 유입되는 질소의 양은 173 kg, 인산은 38 kg이었다. 축산분뇨 유출수가 휴경답과 벼 재배 포장을 통과한 후의 영양성분 감소율은 질소는 휴경답 50%, 1번답 84%, 2번답/3번답 90%, 4번답을 거친 논물은 92%가 감소하였고, 인산은 휴경답 50%, 1번답 91%, 2번답/3번답/4번답을 통과 후에는 95%가 감소하였다. 빗물 유거수에 의한 축산분뇨 유출수의 영양성분중에서 휴경답의 잡초에 의한 흡수와 토양내에 무기태 및 토양 유기물의 형태로 잔존하는 질소량은 29%이었고, 인산은 30%로서 논의 생태학적 순기능이 인정되었다.