• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 1984

A retrospective study has been made of 170,026 cases of motor vehicle accidents which had been reported to the National Police Headquarters of Republic of Korea, 1983. Also a study has been made of 264 cases of road traffic casualties who were treated at the Eul-ji General Hospital from Jan. 1, 1983 to Dec. 31, 1983. This study was conducted to find out the nature and pattern of the traffic accidents from the clinical and epidemiological view points. In additions, the modes of injury from the road accidents were persued which might help to reduce the traffic accident rate. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. In this study, the highest incidence was in the age group between $21{\sim}30$ years (21.29%). And the age group of highest death rate was under 10 years (7.28%). 2. In the comparison of sexual differences, male was dominated in accidents number and death rate. (Casualty rate; 61.66%). 3. In the comparison of each hour differences, the accident was mostly occured during afternoon from 16:00 to 18:00(12.23%). 4. The most common day of week was Sunday (14.74%). 5. The most common season of year was Autumn (27.92%). 6. In the comparison of occupational differences, the high incidences were showed in labor men (31.06%) and business men (12.12%). 7. In the comparison of accidental vehicles, the most common vehicle were cars and the next were trucks and buses. 8. The most common mechanism of accidents was collision (57.41%). 9. In the comparison of clinical differences, orthopaedic and neurosurgical injuries were most common types of the hospitalized casualties. 10. In the comparison of anatomical fracture sites, the most common site was tibia (15.81%) and the next site was femur (12.56%).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 1986

Since the wide spread application of hyperbaric oxygenation in clinical setting, the problems of oxygen toxicity have been attracting a deep interest from the researchers on hyperbaric medicine as a practical issue. Among extensive research trials, the study on the protective agents against oxygen toxicity occupied one of the most challenging field. As the mechanisms of oxygen toxicity, the role of the oxygen free radicals produced by peroxidation process are strongly accepted by the leading researchers on oxygen toxicity, the probable protective effects of antioxidant against oxygen toxicity are sustaining a sufficient rationale. In this study, the author attempted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E as a protective agent against oxygen toxicity through the observation of death rate, convulsion rate, time to convulsion, and macroscopic and microscopic pathological changes of experimental rats exposed to 100% oxygen at 5 ATA for 120 minutes. The findings observed are as follows: 1) The death rate, convulsion rate, time to convulsion, organ/body weight ratio and microscopic pathological findings were identified as reliable objective and quantitative indices for oxygen toxicity. 2) Vitamin E showed excellent protective effects against CNS and pulmonary oxygen toxicity as a strong antioxidant. The most effective dose seemed to be around 400 mg/kg 3) The results of this study are supporting the oxygen free radical hypothesis on oxygen toxicity.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2018

Suicide has been a public health issue in many countries, and Korea has ranked highest suicide rate among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over a decade. To address these issues, we updated the recent trends in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Korean adults followed by previous data observation. We used data from five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-12, '13, '15-16), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-16), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and cause of death data from Statistics Korea ('07-16). We used weighted frequencies and trend tests. The rate of suicidal ideation as recent year was 5.10% (KNHANES, '15), 8.95% (KCHS, '13), 2.08% (KOWEPS, '16), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.59% (KNHANES, '16), 0.41% (KCHS, '13), and 0.08% (KOWEPS, '16). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -2.80% (KNHANES, '07-12), 5.78% (KNHANES, '13-15), 0.62% (KCHS, '08-13), -8.50% (KOWEPS, '12-16), and -10.94% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -3.84% (KNHANES, '07-12), 2.26% (KNHANES, '13-16), -2.53% (KCHS, '08-13), and -20.22% (KOWEPS, '12-16). Annual percentage change of death by intentional self-harm was -0.49% (Statistics Korea, '07-16). Individuals who had lower income level were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. According to these results, the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts showed the decreasing tendency. However, the suicide rate of Korea has remained higher than that of OECD countries. Thus, continuous data observation and effective policies on suicide are needed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2019

Research was initiated to find out acid drainage neutralizing techniques for ecological vegetative growth on the acid drainage slope. Four different acid drainage neutralizing techniques [no treatment, limestone layer treatment, phosphate treatment, and limestone layer + phosphate treatment] were treated on the acid drainage slope. There was a significant difference observed in treated acid neutralizing techniques for acidity, surface coverage rate, death rate and plant root status. Treated acid neutralizing techniques were effective for neutralizing acidity and vegetative growth in order of [first: limestone layer + phosphate treatment, second: phosphate treatment, third: limestone layer treatment and fourth: no treatment]. The limestone layer and the phosphate treatments were effective for neutralizing acidity and vegetative growth, respectively. However, the phosphate treatment was more effective compared to the limestone layer treatment on the acid drainage slope. We figured out that the phosphate treatment is more effective for neutralizing acidity and vegetative growth because of coating effect of sulfides.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 2022

Background: Avoidable mortality rate has been widely used as an indicator of the quality of health care and the degree of inequality in health levels. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the avoidable mortality rate in the region. Methods: The data was MDIS(Microdata Integrated Service) Causes of Death Statistics, and the analysis period was from 2010 to 2019. Panel analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors on the avoidable mortality rate. Findings: Result showed that the current smoking rate had a significant positive effects on the avoidable mortality rate of both men and women. And the smoking cessation trial rate, low salt diet rate, weight control trial rate, annual vaccination rate had a significant negative effect. In the social environment, the divorce rate had a significant positive effect. In the economy environment, financial independence and social welfare budget rate had a significant negative effect. In the physical environment, the factory area rate had a significant positive effect. Practical Implication: Practical implication in order to lower the local avoidable mortality rate, various social determinants of health as well as health care resources should be considered together.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of acute fatal poisoning and the time of death by analyzing the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of South Korea. Methods: The NEDIS data from 2014 to 2018 excluding non-medical visits were used for this study. The patients with acute poisoning were extracted using diagnostic codes. The toxic substances were classified into pharmaceuticals, pesticides, gases, artificial poisonous substances, and natural toxic substances. Patients were classified according to the time of death, place of death, and region. In each case, the most causative substances of poisoning were identified. Results: There were 380,531 patients including poisoning-related diagnoses, of which 4,148 (1.1%) died, and the WHO age-standardized mortality rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Analysis of 2,702 death patients whose primary diagnosis was acute poisoning, the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides (62%), followed by therapeutic drugs, gas, and artificial toxic substances. Herbicides were the most common pesticides at 64.5%. The proportion of mortality by time, hyperacute (<6 h) 27.9%, acute (6-24 h) 32.6%, subacute (1-7 d) 29.7%, and delayed period (>7 d) were 9.8%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides, and 60% of deaths occurred within 24 hours. The 71% of mortality from pesticides occurred within 6-24 hours, but mortality from gas was mostly within 6 hours. According to the geographic region, the primary cause of poisoning death was varied to pesticides or pharmaceuticals.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2011

Background: The beneficial effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in primary and secondary prevention patients are well established. However, data on potential differences between both groups in mortality are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess extra risk differences between primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients. Methods: Comparative mortality figures were calculated from a source article using mortality analysis methods. Results: Mortality ratio (MR) of primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients were 393% and 373%. Excess death rates (EDR) of both groups were 42 and 38 per 1,000. Discussion: MR and EDR were higher in primary prevention group. But, there was no significant difference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.81-82
• /
• 2003

Recent studies suggest that inflammatory events are implicated in a variaty of human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have beneficial effects for the treatment or prevention of these disorders. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin(PG) synthesis, is induced by various pro-inflammatory stimuli including nitric oxide(NO) and has been reported to cause and/or aggravate neuronal cell death.(omitted)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 1979

During the past 3 years, 15 patients who could not be anesthetized generally because of poor general condition or cachecic state, of 111 patients with empyema, have been treated with modified Eloesser`s operation under the local anesthesia with 2% procaine. There were 13 males and 2 females ranging from 21 years to 61 years of age. The etiology was tuberculosis [6 cases], pyogenic pneumonia [5 cases], lung abscess [1 case], post-trauma [2 cases] and malignancy[1 case]. " The over-all mortality rate was 6.7%[1 case] and cause of its death was poor oral feeding because of post-traumatic psychosis. Modified Eloesser`s operation was performed after closed tube thoracostomy and irrigation with 1% zephanon solution for over 2 weeks. And then the other operation was not performed and all patients except 1 case appeared good progression (Complete healing; 4 cases, Progressive healing 10 cases, death: 1 case).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.411-414
• /
• 1996

Single subcutaneous administration to S.D rats of both sexes was performed to investigate the acute toxicity of Syndella gel, a new topical drug containing deproteinised dialysate of calf's blood and micronomicin sulfate. $LD_{50}$ values for S. D rats were 23,047 mg/kg for male and 23,725 mg/kg for female. The death occurred within 24 hours after administration at doses over 19,200 mg/kg. The main cause of death seemed to be respiratory disturbance by acute shock. Major general symptoms induced by injection subcutaneously with Syndella gel were underactivity, decreased respiratory rate, salivation, tremor and loss of consciousness. No significant body weight changes and gross findings of internal organs in treatment groups in comparison with those of control groups was observed at any dose levels in Syndella gel.