• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2013

This study deals with the comparative analysis between two freight demand estimation methods : Unimodal O/D based method and P/C based method. The data of access/egress truck trips has been omitted from the Korean freight unimodal O/D of KTDB. This is because KTDB's unimodal O/D has not marked the series of unlinked trips down as the whole freight intermodal transport and surveyed only the main-haul trips of them. For these reasons, freight intermodal transport mechanism has not been analysed perfectly with Korean unimodal O/D data. This study tries to estimate P/C table of Korean Import/Export container freight and develop the MCC(Multimodal Channel Choice) model. Then, comparing unimodal O/D based method and P/C based method in terms of the switch commodities between production point(the initial point of freight transport) and consumption point(the terminal point of freight transport), unimodal commodities, and commodities on links is conducted. The results show that the P/C based method is able to simulate the freight intermodal transport.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.389-403
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• 2008

As the information of web dramatically increase, the existing web reveals more and more limitations in information search because web pages are designed only for human consumption by mixing content with presentation. In order to improve this situation, the Semantic Web comes on the stage by W3C. Semantic web is based on ontology that defines relationships between resources and it is enough to bring a significant advancement in web search. But to do this, the Semantic Web must provide a novel search and visualization methods which can make users instantly and intuitively understand why and how the results are retrieved because ontology has formal explicit descriptions of meaning. In this paper, we propose a semantic association-based search methodology that consists of how to find relevant information for a given user's query in the ontology, that is, a semantic network of resources and properties and how to provide proper visualization and navigation methods on the results. From this work, users can search the semantically associated resources for their query and also navigate such associations between resources.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.776-784
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• 2014

Korean dishes, Hansik are characterized by healthful vegetable intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of commonly consumed vegetables by Koreans on obesity/metabolic disease-related inflammation. Through statistical analysis of the KNHANES database ($1^{st}$ 1998, $5^{th}$ 2010, 2011) and a literature review, we selected vegetables for study. Among the vegetables, main or sub ingredients of Kimchi were excluded. Samples were prepared using only edible portions and freeze-dried. After grinding, samples were extracted with ethanol, evaporated and finally lyophilized. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, at various concentrations that do not affect cell viability. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 11 kinds of samples or positive control (troglitazone) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After 24 hours, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production were determined. Excepts for young pumpkin and bracken, nine samples effectively reduced NO production compared with control treated with LPS and DMSO. NO levels of five samples (bean sprouts, leeks, eggplant, mugwort, and pumpkin) were similar to that of the positive control. These five samples showed significantly decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ or MCP-1 compared to the control group. Our results suggest that consumption of commonly consumed vegetables contributes to partial prevention of obesity and related metabolic syndrome through reduction of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, and MCP-1 production.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of hospital visits. It not only affects the patients themselves but also has a major negative impact on their families and society. In this study, we investigated epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders induced chronic pain among general population based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and also analysed how it influenced on the use of medical services. This study was done by using the data of 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), taking aged 20 years and over adults as research subjects. The EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index(EQ-5D) was used as a survey instrument. T-test, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Subjects with chronic pain had a higher likelihood than control group to use medical services(odds ratio : 5.858, confidence interval 3.636-9.438). Controlling for existence of chronic pain, more women were likely to use medical services than men(1.156, 0.707-1.889). Age, gender and household income level did not affect the use of medical services. Proper control of chronic pain is very helpful in improving patient's quality of life and it also accounts for a large proportion in suppressing excessive consumption of medical services. Anesthesia and pain medicine specialists have superior knowledge about analgesics and anticonvulsants than other physicians do and also have specialized skills to perform procedures like nerve blocks in treating chronic pain. Therefore Anesthesia and pain medicine specialists need to play a leading role in managing chronic pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.122-129
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• 2017

This study presents the results from a technical analysis of a portal system that is compatible with MRV regulations and utilized to examine energy efficiency in international shipping, in relation to the implementation of a mandatory data collection system by the International Maritime Organization. The details of the SEEMP guidelines, including the data collection system and methods for collecting data on fuel use, were reviewed. Strategies for domestic shipping companies toward MRV have been recommended by identifying differences with the EU MRV, and the technical adequacy of the MRV system was assessed. The MRV system enhances cost and work efficiency by managing emissions data from the early stage to the final stage. It is capable of collecting and reporting emissions data while adhering to the reporting procedures of shipping companies. By granting different access privileges to users, the system supports shipping companies in their data collection and reporting, and also supports verifiers in their data verification activities. Moreover, it makes possible the submission of reports in electronic from, thereby enabling shipping companies to adopt an integrated response to international MRV regulations.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-21
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• 2009

A wireless sensor network is a computer network which consists of spatially distributed devices, called sensor nodes. In wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency is a key issue since sensor nodes must resides upon limited energy. To retrieve sensor information without dealing with the network issues, a sensor network is treated as conceptual database on which query can be requested. When multiple queries are requested for processing in a wireless sensor network, energy consumption can be significantly reduced if common partial results among similar queries can be effectively shared. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient multi-query processing technique based on the coverage relationship between multiple queries. When a new query is requested, our proposed technique derives an equivalent query from queries running at the moment, if it is derivable. Our technique first computes the set of running queries that may derive a partial result of the new query and then test if this set covers all the result of the new query attribute-wise and tuple-wise. If the result of the new query can be derived from the results of executing queries, the new query derives its result at the base station instead of being executed in the sensor network.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.783-798
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• 2004

An e-business client application in ubiquitous mobile computing environment may become disconnected from the enterprise server due to broken communication connections caused by the limitation of mobile computing environments(limited battery life of the mobile device, low bandwidth communication, incomplete wireless communication infrastructure, etc). It Is even Possible that mobile client application Intentionally operates in disconnected mode to reduce communication cost and the power consumption of the mobile device. We use “data hoarding” as a means of providing local autonomy to allow transactions to be processed and committed on the mobile host despite of disconnection. The key problem to this approach is the synchronization problem that serialize potentially conflicting updates from disconnected clients on master objects of the server database. In this paper, we present a new transaction synchronizing method that splits a transaction into a set of independent component transactions and give the synchronization priority on each component taking the possibility of use and conflicts in the server into consideration. Synchronization is performed component by component based un synchronization priority. After the Preferred component of a no bile transaction succeeds in synchronization with the server, the mobile transaction can pre-commit at server. A pre-committed transaction's updated value is made visible at server before the final commit of the transaction. The synchronization of the component with low synchronization priority can be delayed in adaption to wireless bandwidth and computing resources. As a result, the availability of important data updated by mobile client is increased and it can maximize the utilization of the limited wireless bandwidth and computing resources.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.502-507
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• 2019

Cephalopods are one of the most important fishery resources in the world because of their desirable taste and nutritional value. In south Korea, one of the countries in which a large amount of seafood is consumed, cephalopods (e.g., octopus, squid, and cuttlefish) have an annual consumption rate of over 400,000 metric tons. In this study, octopus and squid products (n=28) sold on the market were monitored by analyzing sequences of DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA genes). For species identification, the NCBI BLAST database was screened with the sequences and analyzed as a query. In this BLAST search, twelve squid products showed 99-100% sequence identity to Dosidicus gigas (n=3) and Todarodes pacificus (n=9). In the case of the other 16 products that were declared using octopus as raw materials on the labels, six products were identified as Cistopus taiwanicus (n=1), Amphioctopus marginatus (n=1), Scaeurgus unicirrhus (n=1), and Dosidicus gigas (n=3). Monitoring results indicated that a significant percentage (37.5%) of mislabeling was present in octopus products sold on the South Korean market.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-227
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• 2021

Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between the relative preference for vegetables and meat and cancer incidence, in a population-based retrospective cohort in Korea. Methods: We included 10,148,131 participants (5,794,124 men; 4,354,007 women) who underwent national health screening between 2004 and 2005 from the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-NHID). Participants were asked whether they preferred consuming 1) vegetables more often, 2) both vegetables and meat or 3) meat more often. Participants were followed up to Dec. 31, 2017. All cancer and eighteen common cancer cases were identified through the code from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. We estimated sex-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and income level. Results: During an average follow-up of 12.4 years, 714,170 cancer cases were documented. In men, consuming meat more often was associated with lower risk of esophageal, liver, and stomach cancers, but higher risk of lung and kidney cancers. Consuming both vegetables and meat was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, but with lower risk of esophageal, liver, and stomach cancers in men. In women, consuming meat more often was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer and breast, endometrial, and cervical cancers diagnosed before the age of 50. Consuming both vegetables and meat was associated with lower risk of liver cancer in women. Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential link between vegetable and meat intake and cancer incidence in the Korean population. Further investigation on the association between the intake of specific types of vegetables and meat and cancer risk in Korean prospective cohort studies is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2019

This study was designed to investigate the physiological response of humans to alcohol during underwater activity and to complete related risk analysis. After comparing human responses to alcohol during underwater activity, we analyzed physiological changes and risk level using a new risk analysis method developed in this study, 'Risk Assessment and Analysis (RAA)'. RAA is a modified method based on an internal control frame work. It has 3 steps, the first of which is to analyze risk correlation. The second step is to quantify risk and build a risk database. The last step is to analyze the diagramed risk map. Using RAA, the risk levels of alcohol use underwater were calculated and diagramed. The diagramed risk map was then used to analyze the difference between risk levels underwater before and after alcohol use. As a result, it was found that risk level underwater increased after alcohol use. This study shows alcohol use increases the ratio of high risk groups during underwater activity. It also indicates that risk levels can be quantified according to the likelihood and impairment scale, which can potentially help in identifying high risk groups for intensive management underwater.