• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1780-1784
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• 2015

현재의 IP 라우팅은 Layer 3 라우팅 정보를 이용하여 Forwarding시 Destination Address만을 참조하며 Destination-Based Routing Lookup은 모든 Hop에서 필요하다. 따라서 모든 라우터는 Full Internet 라우팅 정보, 약 12만 여개의 라우트 정보를 필요로 할 수 있으며 라우터는 이러한 폭주에 따라 트래픽 부하를 분산 할 수 있는 환경 구성이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷 기존망의 고유 특징인 Best Effect 환경에서 대용량 멀티미디어 데이터 전송의 QoS 보장과 하드웨어적 고속 스위칭을 위해 Labeling을 이용하여 packet을 forwarding하는 환경 구성이 필요하다. 데이터 전송을 고성능화하기 위해서 라벨링망의 여러 단계의 정책보다는 프로세스 등 자원 효율화와 단순화 정책이 효과적인지 연구를 통해 알아보며 그 방안으로 일명 lock-up 라벨링망 Header Format으로 고정시켜 단순화된 정책으로 보다 QoS에 효과적인 정책을 적용하는 방법을 고찰한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of the Food Allergy Labeling System (FALS) of school foodservice in female middle school students. The subjects were 148 female middle school students in the Incheon metropolitan area. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Only 20.9% of subjects had experience of food allergy education. There was no significant difference in food allergy knowledge by grade. The scores of perception of food allergy labeling by school foodservice were significantly higher in lower grade students (p<0.001). In all grades, highest scores were observed for 'food allergy labeling is necessary', whereas the lowest scores were for 'I check the food allergy labeling'. The percentages of subjects who wanted to participate in food allergy education were significantly different (p<0.01); 73.8% in 1st grade, 50.0% in 2nd grade, and 35.7% in 3rd grade. For desired education contents to enhance perception of FALS, 57.5% of subjects answered 'emergency management' and 23.0% said 'information of food allergy causing food'. Therefore, it is necessary to increase food allergy education and educate female middle school students according to grade in order to enhance perception of FALS.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.548-556
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 식생활라이프스타일과 인구통계적 특성이 외식영양표시 외식업체의 브랜드이미지에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 외식업체의 차별화된 브랜드 이미지 전략을 수립을 위한 마케팅의 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0 (ver.) 프로그램, 빈도분석 및 기술통계, 요인분석 및 신뢰도분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중선형회귀분석 등을 실시하여 가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과 거주지에서 수도권은 안전추구, 비수도권은 맛추구, 안전추구, 성별에서 남성은 건강추구, 맛추구, 안전추구, 여성은 안전추구일수록 외식영양표시 외식업체에 대한 브랜드이미지가 상승하였다. 연령에서 20대는 맛추구, 30대와 40대는 안전추구, 결혼여부에서 기혼과 미혼 모두 안전추구일수록 외식영양표시 외식업체에 대한 브랜드이미지가 상승하는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 식생활라이프스타일이 안전추구, 건강추구일 경우 주거지, 연령, 성별, 결혼여부, 자녀유무와 관계없이 외식영양표시 외식업체에 긍정적인 브랜드이미지를 갖고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2019

Objectives: Children are exposed to various environmental pollutants through contact with children's products. We investigated the KC mark, certification number, and contained substances labeled on children's products through market research and collected the toxicological data on these substances. Methods: The environmentally hazardous substances labeled on children's products (n=6576), including toys (n=2812), personal care products (n=2212), stationary/books (n=1333), and playground equipment (n=219) were examined. For the components that could be identified by CAS number, toxicological data on oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, cancer slope factor, and reference dose were collected. Results: Among the investigated products, KC marks or certification numbers were found for 4557 products (69.3%). Except for cosmetics and cleansers, the material information was labeled on most of the products. The frequency of labeling substance information in toys and stationary/books was low since this information could be omitted if KC certification was obtained. In the target products, 617 substances were identified by CAS number, and polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyester were the most frequently displayed. Chronic toxicity data was found for only 32.4% of individual components, and information on toxicity through the dermal route was also highly limited. Conclusion: Our study suggested that labeling guidelines should be required to identify the environmentally hazardous substances contained in children's products. In addition, the toxicological data on many ingredients in children's products were insufficient. The data gap for toxicity data should be filled for future risk assessment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2018

본 연구는 제주지역 대학생 500명을 대상으로 식품안전관련 식행동을 조사하고 음식점 원산지표시제에 대한 인식도, 이용실태 및 중요도를 조사 분석함으로써 이를 토대로 음식점 원산지표시제에 대한 대학생들의 인식을 고취시키고, 음식점 원산지표시제도의 개선방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사대상자의 식품안전 관련 식행동은 5점 만점에 평균 3.65점으로 나타났고, 성별에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나 남자 3.69점, 여자 3.63점으로 나타나 남자가 높게 나타났다. 음식점 원산지표시제 인지 여부에 있어서는 '알고 있다'의 비율이 67.5%로 나타났고 남자는 69.7%, 여자는 65.9%가 '알고 있다'고 응답하였으며 식품안전 관련 식행동 점수상위집단이 하위집단보다 '알고 있다'의 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 음식점 원산지표시제 신뢰도에 있어서는 '매우 신뢰'가 4.9%, '신뢰하는 편'이 45.4%로 나타났고 음식점 원산지표시 확인 여부에 있어서는 '확인한다'가 68.0%로 나타났으며, 성별에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없으나 여자 (70.5%)가 남자(64.7%)보다 음식점 원산지표시를 확인하는 비율이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 식품 안전 관련 식행동 점수 상위집단(79.3%)이 하위집단 (57.1%)보다 '확인한다'의 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 조사대상의 음식점 원산지표시제에 대한 중요도를 분석한 결과, 5점 만점에 대해 평균 4.08점으로 나타났고 성별에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의적이지는 않으나 여자 (4.13)가 남자 (4.01)보다 음식점 원산지표시제에 대해 전체적으로 더 중요하게 생각함을 알 수 있었다. 항목별 중요도는 '음식점의 정직한 원산지표시 (4.27)'가 가장 높았고, 다음으로 '음식점 원산지표시제 위반업체 단속 체계 (4.26) '원산지표시 위반했을 시 처벌 (4.25)', '음식점 원산지표시제위반 업체 신고 시 포상제도 (4.09)', '음식점 원산지표시제에 대한 정부 정책 (4.08)' 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 식품 안전 관련 식행동 점수에 있어서 남자 대학생들의 평균점수가 여자 대학생들 보다 높았으나 항목에 따라 다른 양상을 보였고 남자 대학생들이 여자 대학생들보다 음식점 원산지표시제 인지비율은 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으며 음식점에서 원산지표시를 확인하는 비율과 음식점 원산지표시제 중요성 인식에 있어서는 여자 대학생들이 남자 대학생들보다 높게 나타나 성별에 따른 차이를 고려하기 보다는 전반적인 대학생들을 대상으로 보다 체계적인 교육 및 홍보가 실시되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 식품안전 관련 식행동 점수가 높은 학생들이 음식점 원산지 표시제에 대한 인식 및 이용실태가 높게 나타났고 중요도에 있어서도 모든 항목에 대해 식품안전 관련 식행동 점수가 높은 그룹이 유의적으로 높게 나타나 대학생들을 대상으로 하는 식품안전 관련 식행동에 대한 홍보 및 교육과 더불어 음식점 원산지표시제에 대한 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다. 또한 조사대상자들이 건강을 위해 음식점 원산지표시를 확인하는 비율이 높게 나타났고 '음식점의 정직한 원산지표시'를 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타나 음식점 원산지표시제가 올바르게 정착될 수 있도록 음식점의 적극적인 참여와 정부의 체계적인정책 및 지원이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2016

In recent years, the opinion analysis is one of the key research fronts of any domain. Opinion target extraction is an essential process of opinion analysis. Target is usually referred to noun or noun phrase in an entity which is deliberated by the opinion holder. Extraction of opinion target facilitates the opinion analysis more precisely and in addition helps to identify the opinion polarity i.e. users can perceive opinion in detail of a target including all its features. One of the most commonly employed algorithms is a sequence labeling algorithm also called Conditional Random Fields. In present article, recent opinion target extraction approaches are reviewed based on sequence labeling algorithm and it features combinations by analyzing and comparing these approaches. The good selection of features combinations will in some way give a good or better accuracy result. Features combinations are an essential process that can be used to identify and remove unneeded, irrelevant and redundant attributes from data that do not contribute to the accuracy of a predictive model or may in fact decrease the accuracy of the model. Hence, in general this review eventually leads to the contribution for the opinion analysis approach and assist researcher for the opinion target extraction in particular.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the perception on nutrition labeling of the processed foods among elementary school teachers in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2008 by questionnaires and data which were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows. Ninety five point seven percent of the male teachers and 98.2% of the female teachers recognized the nutrition labeling (NL). The necessity of a NL system and comprehension of NL were higher in the female group than the male group. NL was trusted by 22.9% of male teachers and 19.7% of female teachers. The main reason for checking NL of the teachers was for food safety. For the most important NL items at purchasing the food, the teachers replied 'trans fatty acid' and 'cholesterol'. Five point seven percent of male teachers and 17.0% of female teachers were educated for NL. Seventy two point nine percent of males and 91.0% of females recognized the necessity of NL teaching. It is necessary to prepare education programs for both teachers and students about accurate recognition of NL. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 430${\sim}$440, 2009)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1995

Sequential changes in cell proliferation during the development of epitherial kidney tumors induced in rats were investigated by autoradiographic determination of the $^3H$-thymidine-labeling index. Renal cell tumors were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of N-nitrosomorpholine at the concentration of 120 mg/l in the drinking water for 7 weeks. At different times between 12 and 34 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen (stop model) animals were sacrificed. According to cytological criteria, neoplastic lesions were classified into clear cell, acidophilic cell, basophilic cell and oncocytic tumors. The labeling index was found to be increased in all types of preneoplastic tubules as compared to their corresponding original tubules. A much stronger elevation of cell proliferation was ocurred during the development of renal cell tumors from preneoplastic tubules. Of four tumor types, acidophilic cell tumor showed the highest labeling index while oncocytoma exhibited the lowest proliferative activity. These findings are in good accordance with the clinical observations that acidophilic cell tumors have a worse prognosis than oncocytoma. The data presented in this study suggest that the individual proliferation rates may be an objective biological marker of kidney tumor aggressiveness.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1194-1202
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the age-dependent changes in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in healthy adults by fitting mathematical models to imaging data. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 90 healthy adults underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging of the brain. Regional CBF values were extracted from the arterial spin labeling images of each subject. Multivariable regression with the Akaike information criterion, link test, and F test (Ramsey's regression equation specification error test) was performed for 7 models in every brain region to determine the best mathematical model for fitting the relationship between CBF and age. Results: Of all 87 brain regions, 68 brain regions were best fitted by cubic models, 9 brain regions were best fitted by quadratic models, and 10 brain regions were best fitted by linear models. In most brain regions (global gray matter and the other 65 brain regions), CBF decreased nonlinearly with aging, and the rate of CBF reduction decreased with aging, gradually approaching 0 after approximately 60. CBF in some regions of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes increased nonlinearly with aging before age 30, approximately, and decreased nonlinearly with aging for the rest of life. Conclusion: In adults, the age-related perfusion patterns in most brain regions were best fitted by the cubic models, and age-dependent CBF changes were nonlinear.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2017

Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissues usually encountered in the wrist. In this paper, we propose a method to extract a ganglion cyst region from ultrasonography images by using image segmentation. The proposed method using the possibilistic c-means (PCM) clustering method is applicable to ganglion cyst extraction. The methods considered in this thesis are fuzzy stretching, median filter, PCM clustering, and connected component labeling. Fuzzy stretching performs well on ultrasonography images and improves the original image. Median filter reduces the speckle noise without decreasing the image sharpness. PCM clustering is used for categorizing pixels into the given cluster centers. Connected component labeling is used for labeling the objects in an image and extracting the cyst region. Further, PCM clustering is more robust in the case of noisy data, and the proposed method can extract a ganglion cyst area with an accuracy of 80% (16 out of 20 images).