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The Design of Mobile Medical Image Communication System based on CDMA 1X-EVDO for Emergency Care (CDMA2000 1X-EVDO망을 이용한 이동형 응급 의료영상 전송시스템의 설계)

  • Kang, Won-Suk;Yong, Kun-Ho;Jang, Bong-Mun;Namkoong, Wook;Jung, Hai-Jo;Yoo, Sun-Kook;Kim, Hee-Joung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.53-55
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    • 2004
  • In emergency cases, such as the severe trauma involving the fracture of skull, spine, or cervical bone, from auto accident or a fall, and/or pneumothorax which can not be diagnosed exactly by the eye examination, it is necessary the radiological examination during transferring to the hospital for emergency care. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the prototype of mobile medical image communication system based on CDMA 1X EVDO. The system consists of a laptop computer used as a transmit DICOM client, linked with cellular phone which support to the CDMA 1X EVDO communication service, and a receiving DICOM server installed in the hospital. The DR images were stored with DICOM format in the storage of transmit client. Those images were compressed into JPEG2000 format and transmitted from transmit client to the receiving server. All of those images were progressively transmitted to the receiving server and displayed on the server monitor. To evaluate the image quality, PSNR of compressed image was measured. Also, several field tests had been performed using commercial CDMA2000 1X-EVDO reverse link with the TCP/IP data segments. The test had been taken under several velocity of vehicle in seoul areas.

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The Incidence and Distribution of Viral Diseases in Barley Fields in Korea (국내 맥류재배지의 바이러스병 발생과 분포)

  • Park, Jong-Chul;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Choi, Min-Kyung;Lee, Kui-Jae;Kim, Hyung-Moo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.188-193
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    • 2004
  • The symptom expressions such as yellowish and mosaic spots in overwintering barley have been considered to be a damage by cold or water. However, it had revealed that the symptom expressions were caused by viruses throughout three year nationwide surveys. Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) was detected in 2001-2003 and Barley yellow dwarf virus-MA V (BYDV -MA V) from field samples collected on March in 2003. The results of investigation showed that the incidence of BaYMV was more than 70% and that of BaMMV and SBWMV was 15.7-37.4% and 0.7-10.1 % in three year surveys, respectively. The incidence of BYDV-MAV was approximately 1 % in 2003 only. The distribution of BaYMV was relatively uniform throughout barley fields in Korea, but the incidence of the virus in Gyunggi Province was as low as 19% compared to 65-85% in the rest of regions. On the other hand, 70% of BaMMV was found to be in the west south regions of Korea, Jeonbuk and Jeonnam Provinces. Taken together, both BaYMV and BaMMV were thought to be dominant casual agents in overwintering barley by either single or mixed infections. Previous survey data for BaYMV from 1994 to 1996 indicated that the incidence of the virus was approximately 40% in Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Gyungnam Provinces. Thus, comparing with the results from the recent nationwide survey, the incidence of BaYMV had been rapidly increasing in overwintering barley fields in the southern part of Korea.

Soil Testing for Potassium in Upland Soils -Review on the Methodologies- (밭토양(土壤)에 대(對)한 가리(加里) 검정(檢定))

  • Hong, Chong Woon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.153-170
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    • 1977
  • Considering the ways for the possible improvement of soil test for upland crops, various methods for the evaluation of K supplying power and testing of available soil K were reviewed in terms of theoretical principles and practical usefulness of the each method. The review was also made on the characteristics of upland crops in K requirement and on the chemical properties of major korean upland and lowland rice soils in terms of K availability. Following is the few remarks drawn from the review. 1. Quite large number of methods have been known for the evaluation of K supplying power and testing for available soil K. In nature, they can be divided into two categories; capacity-based methods and intensity-based methcds. The capacity-based methods usually measure the exchangeable and some portion of nonexchangeable K, while the intensity-based methods suggest to consider the ractivity ratios of major cations in soil solution and the energy requirement for the replacement of exchangeable soil K into soil solution. 2. As methodology for extraction of interested part of soil K, chemical extraction, electrodialysis and ion exchange methods have been known. Among these, chemical extract ion is favorable because of its simplicity. However, recently suggested Electro-Ultra-Filtration method seems to merit further study for wider use for not only K but also other nutrient availability of soils. 3. The intensity-based methods, although they are more theoretical, because of their complexity, in methods may not be adapted for practical soil tests. 4. The exchangeable K which is rather simple to measure and which well reflects the status of K reserve as nonexchangeable and is immediate pool of water soluble K may be good, if not best, criterion of soil K availability to plant in common soil testing. 5. Because there are evidences that the abundance of available K alone may not be good inclication for availability of K to plant, it is recommendable to interprete the exchangeable K data as percent saturation of exchangeable K to total C. E. C. of soil for the recommend ation of K fertilizer based on soil tests. 6. Some pot and field trial results showed the trends that percent potassium saturation to total C. E. C. better serve as the parameter for K fertilizer recommendation.

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Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases by Water Management of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in Rice Paddy Fields (논에서 SRI (System of Rice Intensification) 물 관리 방법을 적용한 온실가스 저감 효과)

  • Kim, Gun-Yeob;Lee, Seul-Bi;Lee, Jong-Sik;Choi, Eun-Jung;Ryu, Jong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1173-1178
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    • 2012
  • Water competition among domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors has been gradually heightened recently in Korea as the lack of water supply is expected in the near future. About 46% of nation's water use is consumed in paddy farming to produce rice. And the conservation of water resource and quality in agricultural sector is a pending issue in the nation's long term water management plan. New paddy rice farming techniques that use significantly less irrigation water are urgently required. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that is now well known to produce more rice with less water consumption has not been tried in Korea yet. And environmental effect of SRI on greenhouse gases (GHGs) has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of SRI on GHGs as well as water use and rice yield in a Korean paddy condition. Three experimental runoff plots $5{\times}15m$ in size were prepared at an existing paddy field. Runoff, GHGs emission and water quality were measured during the 2011 growing seasons while a Japonica rice variety was cultivated. Rice plants grew better and healthier in SRI plots than in continuously flooded (CF) and intermittently drained (ID) plots. Rice yield from SRI plots increased 112.8 (ID)~116.1 (CF)% compared with CF and ID plots. Irrigation requirement of SRI plots compared to CF plot reduced by 52.6% and ID plot reduced by 62.0%, meaning that about 37.9~47.4% of irrigation water could be saved. GHGs emission from SRI plots reduced by 71.8% compared to that from CF plot and by 18.4% compared to that from ID plot, meaning that SRI could help contribute to ease the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. It was believed that SRI is a promising paddy farming technique that could increase rice yield, and reduce irrigation water requirement and GHGs emission not just in Korea but also other rice farming countries all over the world. However, it was recommended that long term studies under different conditions including rice variety, soil texture, water source, climate need to be conducted for reliable data for the development of environmental policies related to GHGs emission control and management.

Life Cylcle Assessment (LCA) on Rice Production Systems: Comparison of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Emission on Conventional, Without Agricultural Chemical and Organic Farming (쌀 생산체계에 대한 영농방법별 전과정평가: 관행농, 무농약, 유기농법별 탄소배출량 비교)

  • Ryu, Jong-Hee;Kwon, Young-Rip;Kim, Gun-Yeob;Lee, Jong-Sik;Kim, Kye-Hoon;So, Kyu-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1157-1163
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) among three rice production systems in order to analyze the difference of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and environment impacts. Its life cycle inventory (LCI) database (DB) was established using data obtained from interview with conventional, without agricultural chemical and organic farming at Gunsan and Iksan, Jeonbuk province in 2011. According to the result of LCI analysis, $CO_2$ was mostly emitted from fertilizer production process and rice cropping phase. $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ were almost emitted from rice cultivation phase. The value of carbon footprint to produce 1 kg rice (unhulled) on conventional rice production system was 1.01E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ and it was the highest value among three rice production systems. The value of carbon footprints on without agricultural chemical and organic rice production systems were 5.37E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ and 6.58E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Without agricultural chemical rice production system whose input amount was the smallest had the lowest value of carbon footprint. Although the yield of rice from organic farming was the lowest, its value of carbon footprint less than that of conventional farming. Because there is no compound fertilizer inputs in organic farming. Compound fertilizer production and methane emission during rice cultivation were the main factor to GHGs emission in conventional and without agricultural chemical rice production systems. In organic rice production system, the main factors to GHGs emission were using fossil fuel on machine operation and methane emission from rice paddy field.

A Survey of Perceptions of Elementary School Teachers on the Small-Scale Chemistry (미량화학(Small-Scale Chemistry)에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식)

  • Kim, Sung-Kyu;Kong, Young-Tae
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.291-305
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this study was to survey the perceptions of the elementary school teachers on the smallscale chemistry(SSC) following its training session. The teachers participating in the survey were 266 teachers in the Gyeongnam province. They were given a questionnaire that focused on the nine areas of the SSC: Needs for the teacher training and its application, its benefits, issues of safety and danger as well as treatment of environmental pollution, its economic efficiency and the development of investigative skills. The designed questionnaire was checked by an authority, and the responses to each question were tallied and analyzed. The results are as follows. The biggest problems of the traditional experimental methods as rated by the teachers were, in the order of importance, the preparation time, the legal liability of teachers for the safety and accidents, financial issues, disposal of the experimental wastes and the lack of relevant data. Since most of the teachers had not experienced the SSC lab programs in the field, they responded positively to the questions of need for its introduction and training. The implementation of the experimental SSC lab programs should proceed in the following order: introduction into the textbook, teacher training program, after-school education and the invitation of instructors. The most useful materials for the SSC program were CDs, videos, books and various printed materials, in that order. The responses regarding benefits of the SSC program included its simplicity, convenience, time savings, diversity, qualitative and quantitative aspects, integration into the regular class and use of toys. In particular, the teachers mentioned the increased safety due to the small amount of experimental reagents needed and the durability of plastic instruments. The familarity from the use of everyday tools as well as easy access to and the low-cost of the instruments were other important benefits. The teachers in general rated the educational content of the program highly, but many also found it to be average. Some pointed out the lack of sufficient discussion due to the individual or pair groupings as a potential shortcoming. The potential for development of problem solving ability and improvement of skills was rated positively. The number of teacher who rated the development of creativity positively was just over the half. As for the area of improving investigative skills, many found its assessment difficult and confusing because of the lack of its systemic definition and categorization. Based on the findings of this study, I would like to recommend the application and a wider dissemination of the small-scale chemistry lab program into the elementary school science curriculum.

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Suggestion of Computational Thinking-Scientific Inquiry (CT-SI) Model through the Exploration of the Relationship Between Scientific Problem Solving Process and Computational Thinking (과학적 문제해결과정과 컴퓨팅 사고의 관련성 탐색을 통한 컴퓨팅 사고 기반 과학 탐구(CT-SI) 모형의 제안)

  • Hwang, Yohan;Mun, Kongju
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.92-111
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    • 2020
  • The 2015 revised science curriculum and NGSS (Next Generation Science Standard) suggest computational thinking as an inquiry skill or competency. Particularly, concern in computational thinking has increased since the Ministry of Education has required software education since 2014. However, there is still insufficient discussion on how to integrate computational thinking in science education. Therefore, this study aims to prepare a way to integrate computational thinking elements into scientific inquiry by analyzing the related literature. In order to achieve this goal, we summarized various definitions of the elements of computational thinking and analyzed general problem solving process and scientific inquiry process to develop and suggest the model. We also considered integrated problem solving cases from the computer science field and summarized the elements of the Computational Thinking-Scientific Inquiry (CT-SI) model. We asked scientists to explain their research process based on the elements. Based on these explanations from the scientists, we developed 'Problem-finding' CT-SI model and 'Problem solving' CT-SI model. These two models were reviewed by scientists. 'Problem-finding' model is relevant for selecting information and analyzing problems in the theoretical research. 'Problem solving' is suitable for engineering problem solving process using a general research process and engineering design. In addition, two teachers evaluated whether these models could be used in the secondary school curriculum. The models we developed in this study linked with the scientific inquiry and this will help enhance the practices of 'collecting, analyzing and interpreting data,' 'use of mathematical thinking and computer' suggested in the 2015 revised curriculum.

Development of Parking Space Forecast Model for Large Traffic-inducing Facilities Considering Surrounding Circumstance (주변 환경을 고려한 대규모 교통유발시설 주차면산정 모형개발에 관한 연구 - 판매시설을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Je jin;Oh, Seok Jin;Kim, Sung Hun;Ha, Tae Jun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.593-601
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    • 2017
  • With the rapid industrial development and national economic advance since 1970, the national income of Korea has sharply increased. As a result, issues regarding city expansion, urban concentration, increase in the number of registered motor vehicles, and increase in traffic have caused transportation issues such as traffic congestion and problems with parking. Especially, enforcement ordinances and rules have been established on installation and management of parking lots to solve problems with parking which are raised as social problems such as conflict with neighbors but the flexible calculation of legal parking space has the limitations because of the diversity and complex functionality of purposes of facilities. Accordingly, this study attempted to supplement such demerit of the parking space demand forecast method based on the legally required number of parking spaces and average unit requirement in the parking space supply. This study estimated the required number of parking spaces by analyzing existing literature, collecting field research data, and analyzing the factors that have an impact on the parking demand. Also, it compared the required number of parking spaces based on the average unit requirement as well as the required number of parking spaces by the forecast model based on the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked. The result was that the required number of parking space based on average unit requirement was less than the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked by 9.99%. Meanwhile, the required number of parking spaces by the forecast model was more than the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked by 4.37%. Therefore, it is believed that the parking space forecast model is more efficient than the others in estimating there quired parking space. The parking space forecast model of this study consider different environmental factors to enable practical parking demand forecast considering the local characteristics and thus supply the parking space in an efficient way.

Analysing the effect of impervious cover management techniques on the reduction of runoff and pollutant loads (불투수면 저감기법의 유출량 및 오염부하량 저감 효과 분석)

  • Park, Hyung Seok;Choi, Hwan Gyu;Chung, Se Woong
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.16-34
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    • 2015
  • Impervious covers(IC) are artificial structures, such as driveways, sidewalks, building's roofs, and parking lots, through which water cannot infiltrate into the soil. IC is an environmental concern because the pavement materials seal the soil surface, decreasing rainwater infiltration and natural groundwater recharge, and consequently disturb the hydrological cycle in a watershed. Increase of IC in a watershed can cause more frequent flooding, higher flood peaks, groundwater drawdown, dry river, and decline of water quality and ecosystem health. There has been an increased public interest in the institutional adoption of LID(Low Impact Development) and GI(Green Infrastructure) techniques to address the adverse impact of IC. The objectives of this study were to construct the modeling site for a samll urban watershed with the Storm Water Management Model(SWMM), and to evaluate the effect of various LID techniques on the control of rainfall runoff processes and non-point pollutant load. The model was calibrated and validated using the field data collected during two flood events on July 17 and August 11, 2009, respectively, and applied to a complex area, where is consist of apartments, school, roads, park, etc. The LID techniques applied to the impervious area were decentralized rainwater management measures such as pervious cover and green roof. The results showed that the increase of perviousness land cover through LID applications decreases the runoff volume and pollutants loading during flood events. In particular, applications of pervious pavement for parking lots and sidewalk, green roof, and their combinations reduced the total volume of runoff by 15~61 % and non-point pollutant loads by TSS 22~72 %, BOD 23~71 %, COD 22~71 %, TN 15~79 %, TP 9~64 % in the study site.

Acute toxicity of some pesticides on five Korean native Cladocerans (한국산 물벼룩에 대한 수종 농약의 급성독성)

  • Kim, Byung-Seok;Park, Yoen-Ki;Park, Kyung-Hun;Jeong, Mi-Hye;You, Are-Sun;Yang, Yu-Jung;Shin, Jin-Sup;Kim, Jin-Hwa;Yoon, Seong-Myeong;Ahn, Young-Joon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.261-267
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    • 2007
  • The acute toxicity of several pesticides on 4 Korean water flea was investigated to develop a new standard species used for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Four Korean freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocepholus vetulus were exposed to five different pesticides during 48 hours to compare their sensitivity with a standard test species, Daphnia magna, endorsed formally by the major international organizations. The synthetic pyrethroid, fenpropathrin was the most toxic pesticide to cladocerans. Diazinon, carbofuran, iprodione and myclobutanil were in the order of their toxicity to cladocerans tested. There was no consistent difference in sensitivity to five pesticides for four Korean cladocerans tested. In conclusion, the ecological risk assessment using single species toxicity referred to base set data should not be enough to protect to every species in the field environment.