• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.759-765
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• 2021

Recently, summer temperatures have frequently been abnormal in Korea owing to global warming. In summer, a decrease in feed intake rate and biological activity were observed in Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle), leading to lower production rates in the industry. However, the precise scale of damage was not reported as with other animals of economic value. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of birth season on birth weight in Hanwoo. Data were collected from 100 local breeding farms from 2016 to 2019. A total of 41,081 Hanwoo calves were classified and analyzed by sex, year, month, and season (March-May, spring; June-August, summer; September-November, fall; and December-February, winter) of birth. The birth weight of Hanwoo calves differed according to birth month. The average birth weight of male calves was 30.47 kg and that of female calves was 28.16 kg. Hanwoo birth weight was the highest in March-born calves and the lowest in July-born calves. The birth weights of calves born in February, March, April, November, and December were significantly larger than those of calves born in July. In addition, the birth weight of Hanwoo calves from the summer was significantly lower than that of calves born in other seasons. Furthermore, Hanwoo steer slaughter age showed a negative correlation, whereas carcass weight had a positive correlation with birth weight. In the beef cattle industry, birth weight is a very important economic characteristic that is related to growth rate. These data will contribute toward planning the reproduction of Hanwoo and analysis of changes in characteristics of economic value owing to high temperatures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2000

A number of developments have occurred over recent years that are being used commercially or have the potential to increase the milk yield and consequently the efficiency of dairy cows. Bovine growth hormone is the most widely known of several attempts that have been made to alter the metabolic endocrinology of dairy cows to increase the rate of milk secretion. The factors affecting the milk yield response to growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing factor, thyroxine and placental lactogen as well as to the immuno-neutralization of somatostatin are briefly considered. Secondly, the recent greater understanding of the mechanism by which the milk yield is increased following more frequent milking, which has resulted from the identification and characterization of the feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) protein, is reviewed. The identification of this protein provides new avenues of research which may lead to a reduction in the rate of decline in milk yield with advancing lactation or to undiminished milk yields despite a reduction in frequency with which the animals are milked.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

Goat milk is digested better than cow milk, because the fat globules in goat milk are smaller and the protein is similar to human milk, and assimilated easily. Goat milk is particularly rich in taurine (4.7mg/100mL) and retinol (40mg/100mL). Therefore, it might be recommened to heal dyspepsia and infants allergy by cow milk. However, during winter, supply of goat milk products are unsteady in Korea, because unbalance of demand and supply is resulted from seasonal breeding. Dairy industry for goat milk will be able to grow much more, if goat milk products can keep steady supply without changing by season. This review includes the physicochemical characteristics of goat milk, domestic production of goat milk, domestic goat milk products and future development.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are typical probiotic microbes which are used in various industries including fermented foods, feed additives, and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of antioxidative activities of 23 strains of LAB isolated from cheese, kimchi, yogurt, and etc. LAB were tested for antioxidative activities such as 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like ability. Antioxidative activities were examined different media such as MRS, M17, and 10% skim milk. Culture supernatant in M17 medium showed a higher antioxidative activity than these in MRS and 10% skim milk. Comparison of ABTS radical scavenging ability by the LAB showed a wide variation with a range from 9~93% and SOD-like ability of LAB ranged from 70~78%, respectively. Therfore, some of LAB can play important roles in the protection for oxidative stress and CPP-producing activity of LAB may be a promising material for application in the dairy industry.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2018

Metritis, the inflammation of the uterus caused by polymicrobial infections, is a prevalent and costly disease to the dairy industry as it decreases milk yield, survival, and the welfare of dairy cows. Although affected cows are treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftiofur, endometrial and ovarian function are not fully recovered, which results in subfertility and infertility. According to culture-dependent studies, uterine pathogens include Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella melaninogenica. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing observed very low relative abundance of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and Prevotella melaninogenica in cows with metritis. Herein, we propose that metritis is associated with a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiota, which is characterized by high abundance of Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2021

Antibiotics are used in many sectors, including the dairy industry, to prevent bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. When bacterial cells are exposed to stressors, such as antibiotic exposure, a subpopulation of the cells becomes dormant. This helps the pathogen to revive and reconstitute its pathogenicity. Thus, eradicating the dormant cells may be an effective strategy to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria caused by the abuse of antibiotics. In recent years, a large number of indole-related compounds have been reported to eradicate persister cells. In this review, we provide a summary of the mechanisms of persister cell formation and resuscitation, and the ability of indole and substituted indoles to eradicate persister cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified vegetable oil (Sn2PA) on calcium absorption and to confirm the synergistic effects of fructooligosaccharide on calcium absorption. Male SD rats were fed 6 kinds of casein based diets containing vegetable oil (control), sn-2 palmitic acid-fortified vegetable oil (Sn2PA) and Sn2PA with fructooligosaccharide(Sn2PAFO) in two levels of calcium (normal 0.5% and high 1.0%) for 3 weeks. Total lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride and calcium in blood were measured. Feces were collected using cages for 4 days. Serum concentrations of total lipids and calcium were not significantly different among groups. However, serum triglyceride was significantly decreased by fructooligosaccharide supplementation regardless of dietary calcium level. The lipid absorption was not significantly different among experimental groups. Calcium absorption was significantly higher in Sn2PAFO group than other groups. Calcium solubility of intestine was increased by sn-2 palmitic acid supplementation. These results suggest that sn-2 palmitic acid and fructooligosaccharide supplementation could be beneficial for baby foods including infant formula, with regard to increasing absorption of calcium by more soluble calcium in the small intestinal content.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage on postpartum recovery and lactation. One theory of oriental medical treatment for postpartum care is focused on increasing vitality and building up blood. Saengwha-tang are representative remedies for these respective principle of treatment. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang on blood components, Body weight, BMI and prolactin level in postpartum. Methods : 65 postpartum women applied for this study, and 30 of them were included in this study. They were divided two groups. The experimental group were treated by Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, the control group were treated by citron beverage during 40 days. Then we observed the changes of the body weight, BMI, complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, level of serum prolactin, Urine analysis and general conditon Questionnaire among baseline(before treatment), 1st phase(after 20 days treatment) and 2nd phase(after 40 days treatment). Results : After taking Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, body weight, body water, edema index, prolactin ana general condtion became better, but they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : This study shows that Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang can improve postpartum recovery, but more research is needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.919-925
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• 2003

Alcohol consumption has numerous health consequences for the human body. For example, heavy drinking on a daily basis causes liver diseases, and certain products such as acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism are more toxic than alcohol itself. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the role of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 to enhance the removal of the toxic effect of alcohol in alcohol metabolism. The maximum activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by L. fermentum MG590 were observed after 6 h of culture. The production of ADH and ALDH by L. fermentum MG590 was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Six hours after the addition of alcohol to a culture broth of L. fermentum MG590, the alcohol concentration decreased from 7.5 to 2.7％. From an in vitro evaluation based on hepatocytes, the viability of hepatocytes in a medium containing alcohol and the cytosol of L. fermentum MG590 was higher than that in a medium containing only alcohol. From an in vivo test using SD rats fed a 22％ alcoholic drink, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the rats fed a medium containing L. fermentum MG590 were lower than those in the rats fed a medium containing only the alcohol drink. These results demonstrate that the ADH and ALDH produced by L. fermentum MG590 play an important role in detoxicating alcohol in vivo. Therefore, a fermentation broth of L. fermentum MG590 could be used as an effective alcohol detoxification drink.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.752-757
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• 2005

Changes in milk quality during storage of extended shelf life milk (ESL milk) and non-ESL milk were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between ESL and typical ultra high temperature-treated (UHT) milk in physicochemical properties including non-casein nitrogen (NCN) content, whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI), and L-ascorbic acid content. Low temperature and long time-treated milk (LTLT milk) had significantly higher NCN content and WPNI than those of UHT milk. In terms of microbial quality, yeast, molds, coliforms, and other bacteria were not detected in ESL milk during entire storage (21 days after expiration date) period at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$, while LTLT milk was more susceptible to microbial infection. Rats fed ESL milk resulted in significantly higher body weight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency than those given UHT milk. These results suggest ESL milk maintains better microbial quality than typical UHT milk, particularly during storage under extended refrigeration and at high temperature.