• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

In this research, schedule optimization is defined as balancing the number of workers while keeping the demand and needs of the project resources, creating the perfect schedule for each activity. Therefore, when one optimizes a schedule, multiple potentials of schedule changes are assessed to get an instant view of changes that avoid any over and under staffing while maximizing productivity levels for the available labor cost. Optimizing the number of workers in the scheduling process is not a simple task since it usually involves many different factors to be considered such as the development of quantity take-offs, cost estimating, scheduling, direct/indirect costs, and borrowing costs in cash flow while each factor affecting the others simultaneously. That is why the optimization process usually requires complex computational simulations/modeling. This research attempts to find an optimal selection of daily maximum workers in a project while considering the impacts of other factors at the same time through OPEN BIM based multiple computer simulations in resource leveling. This paper integrates several different processes such as quantity take-offs, cost estimating, and scheduling processes through computer aided simulations and prediction in generating/comparing different outcomes of each process. To achieve interoperability among different simulation processes, this research utilized data exchanges supported by building SMART-IFC effort in automating the data extraction and retrieval. Numerous computer simulations were run, which included necessary aspects of construction scheduling, to produce sufficient alternatives for a given project.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2021

The study aims to investigate the effect on Philippine occupational choice of House Bill No.7787, also known as the National Wage Law, which was filled by the Philippine Congress that mandates the implementation of an across the board minimum daily wage of Php750.00 to all workers in the Philippines. This study had used the Computable General Equilibrium-Top-Down Behavioral Microsimulation approach to determine the effect of National Wage Law on occupational choice. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of said National Wage Law would affect the distribution of labor force across occupational classification such as wage workers, entrepreneurial farming activities workers, and entrepreneurial non-farming activities workers. This has resulted from a higher utility that will be derived from the wage working sector once the National Wage Law will be implemented. Further, among regions in the Philippines, the Calabarzon, National Capital Region, and Central Luzon had recorded the highest number of workers who prefer the wage income sector. The findings of the study also suggest that the Philippine agricultural sector will be greatly affected by the National Wage Law due to the preference of workers to shift from the entrepreneurial farming sector to belong to the wage sector.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This paper investigates how companies respond to government regulations and disasters in a risk-managed society, and aims to initiate discussions on the future prospects and challenges. Specifically, it explores how companies can plan to respond to such disasters in the future, and stresses that the law should be to protect people's lives and ensure safety, rather than to punish companies. Research design, data and methodology: The study methodology is based on a review of existing literature, as well as trend analysis through big data analysis. The research analyzes the discourse in our society regarding the enactment of the Serious Accident Punishment Act. Results: This study supports that the Serious Accident Punishment Act should be implemented in a manner that does not impede corporate activities, but rather helps to ensure the safety of citizens' daily lives. The authors call for collaboration between communities, labor unions, and companies in achieving a cooperative governance system for a safer society. Conclusions: It highlights the importance of addressing disasters and government regulations in the context of a risk-managed society, and offers insights for both companies and policymakers on how to navigate these challenges. By prioritizing safety and cooperation, we can work towards building a safer and more resilient society

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.5-38
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine work-life balance by analyzing time schedules of married couple. The 2014 Korea Time Use Survey dataset was used for the analysis. Finally, 6,262 time diaries of 3,131 households were included in the analysis. The study used sequence analysis in particular, by applying the Lesnard(2014)'s dynamic hamming matching (DHM) method, which is useful for the time diary analysis where timing is a key factor. This study explored daily schedules of each man and woman according to 9 types of couple-combined work-schedules, which had been already derived by cluster analysis. The daily schedules were identified according to the activities divided as labor, housework, sleep, self-management, active leisure, passive leisure, and others. Here, time allocation was analyzed through various graphs showing average time amount and modal states by time period. Based on the analysis, it summarized that "long working hours as a main factor of work-life imbalance", "gender inequality of time use", "non-standard hours work impairing quality of life and "poverty of leisure time"as characteristics of work-life imbalance. Finally this study discussed the social policy implications to support work-life balance.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.517-529
• /
• 2019

The study was conducted on the impact of employment types middle and old age group of wage earner on life satisfaction and analyzed by dividing it into variables in the employment types and demographic characteristics. Based on the data for the 12th year of the Korea Welfare Panel Study, 1,244 respondents who answered that the main types of economic activities were 'full-time, temporary, daily wage earners' or 'self-help labor, public labor, and elderly empolyment program in public sector.' among 4,341 people over 55 years of age under the age of 75 as of 2017 standard. The survey covered 1,244 people. By age group, 826 people aged 55-64 (middle-age group) and 418 people aged 65-74(old-age group). Middle age group showed that education level, spouse, health condition, beneficiaries of basic livelihood and average monthly income variables were the factors that influence the satisfaction of life. But The type of employment did not significantly affect. Old age group showed that the higher education level, in spouse with-living or spouse death, the better health condition is perceived, the less experience of beneficiaries of basic livelihood, the higher average monthly income, the more satisfied life is. The survey also found that old-aged people who participate in "self-help labor, public labor, and elderly employment program in public sector" are also found to be more satisfied with their lives. According to these results, policy for the old age group should be focused on hunting and expanding of employment program in public sector for the elderly. In order to boost life satisfaction of the elderly, more intensive vocational education and employment training should be provided.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.181-214
• /
• 2018

This study uses the youth panel survey (YP2007 2th ~ 9th) data of the Korea Employment Information Service to examine the phenomenon of subjective mismatch arising from the youth labor market and analyzed the determinants and wage effects of subjective mismatch. Overall, the analysis showed that the over-education and over-technology of both educational background and technical skill level in the Miss Match significantly decreased, while the lack of education and technology increased rather gradually. Next, the analysis of the determinants of downward employment(Excess of education and technology) showed that males were less likely to be downwardly employed(Excess of education and technology) than females, and in the status of workers, the probability of downward employment of regular and non-wage workers was lower than that of temporary/daily workers. Finally, as a result of estimating the wage effect of the mismatch based on the pooled OLS model and the Panel Fixed Effect model, the mismatch which has the greatest effect on the wage was found to be excessive education, and it has been estimated that youth employees who are over-educated have an average 6.7% lower wages than those who are not. After controlling for the unobserved individual characteristics, they were found to receive a lower wage of 3.2%, and it is estimated that 2.9% for the technical excess mismatch and 2.3% for the major mismatch receive lower wages than the reference group.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.216-239
• /
• 2021

Inlay (入絲), a poetic technique of digging grooves in the surface of crafts and decorating them with metal materials, was used throughout the royal daily routines, ceremonies and government officials of the Joseon Dynasty. The government-owned handicraft industry in the Joseon Dynasty was composed of craftsmen belonging to central and local government offices and was operated mainly by government-owned craftsmen. The inlay craftsman was transferred to the central government office and was in charge of inlay poetry for crafts. The current records of Korean inlay craftsmen are concentrated in the state-owned handicraft industry. In the state-owned handicraft industry, the government offices of inlay craftsmen can be divided into Kongjo (工造), Sangeuiwon (尙衣院), and the military. Here the election of a temporary government office for airspace is added. The government offices and military inlay craftsmen who use inlay crafts are assigned, and the inlay craftsmen are placed separately in the temporary office where the fine division of labor is developed. It can be made by utilizing craftsmen. The operation of these production systems was indispensable in pre-modern Korean society, where crafts had to be produced by hand. In this paper, we investigated the roles and job types of craftsmen in the state-owned handicraft industry during the Joseon Dynasty, focusing on inlay craftsmen. Although the details applied to the characteristics and materials of the field, labor supply and demand, etc. are different, Korea pursued crafts for various purposes through craftsmanship within the framework of the basic state-owned handicraft policy . The institutional equipment for implementation was almost common. We believe that adding and analyzing some literature records and relics will help us to study the crafts of the Joseon era in more detail.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2017

We studied the actual condition of work environment and work morale according to the type of employment of service workers by using the raw data of the Fourth Work Environment Survey (2014) conducted by the Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. In this study, the condition of work environment were composed of work posture, emotional labor, and work autonomy. Also, dimensions related to work morale were composed of competence, job satisfaction, social support, and job stress. In addition, the employment was classified into three types of regular workers, temporary workers, and daily workers. The results showed that temporary and daily workers were more likely to work in a less favorable environment than regular workers, and there was a close correlation between work environment and work morale. Based on this study, it is possible to know about the actual situation and problems of the service workers, and it is hoped that company can search for measures to increase the working environment and work morale of the workers in order to provide better service.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2013

To help reduce the 'breakfast-skip' rate of the high school students and improve such 'breakfast-skipping' practice this study devised a new covenience menu for school breakfast Program. Dictated by a dietitian the form of cooking was rendered within directly-cookable convenient food; The price of menu ranged from 1,500-2,000won taking into account the parents' survey ; the menu formation drew largely from the student food preference survey and their favorites. The composition of menu - the Korean dish and the western dish put together-were of two folds and was based on the two: main menu, subsidiary menu. While main menu used rice, the subsidiary one used fruits, salads, milk, and juices. Energy intake sufficiency standard was set at a level of between 1/4 and 1/3 of the relevent group(mid&high students, 15-18 yrs old)'s approximated energy need, drawn from the Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(2010). 10 disparate, divised menus were tested deliberately- cooked at a site, thereafter qualifed and supplemented to meet the targeted energy amount. The nuturitional facts of each menu set were measured through the usage of CAN-PRO 3.0, Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program, for professionals. Completed menu set were then given in photograph. The results of this study were as follows : The results of this study were as follows : the newly developed menu's calories and nuturitional content were as follows in the ratio of Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(2010) : Calories 95.7%(4.3% below the targeted intake standard), Protein(131.1%), Calcium(130.2%) the both of which marked higher than the recommended daily intake, iron(71.0%), Potassium(93.1%) both of which figure lower than the recommended daily intake. The cost of ingredients per each person was 1,335won, which was lower than the targeted cost(1500won). When calculated, hypothetically provided breakfast's labor hour needed per 1 meal is shown to be average 1.2 minute. In conslusion : Convenience style school breakfast program would bring an increse in the intake of high school students' breakfast, which may contribute not only to the sound physical growth but to academic performance. Various developments of the school breakfast program is much needed continually.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.271-284
• /
• 2002

This study was to provide basic materials to help reduce the fatigue by analyzing what effective factor the fatigue of hospital nurses in Gwangju and Jeonnam region. and what causes their fatigue. This descriptive research by Questionaires includes two hospitals in Gwangju. and seven hospitals in Jeonnam region, total 9 hospitals sampled at convenience sampling. The periods of collecting data was from Jul.22, 2002 to Jul. 30, 2002. Multidimensional Fatigue Scale; MFS, developed by Jang Se-Jin(2000) was taken to measure the fatigue. All collected materials were got the statistics by SAS for Windows Release 8.01. The result of this study was as follows. 1. This study included total 740 nurses, whose age ranged from 22 to 50; 30 years old by average. Nurses fatigue mean score was 90.24 (the scope by the measuring instrument is 19-133). Nurses at University Hospitals marked 92.36 and those at General Hospitals marked 87.91 in the mean score of fatigue. 2. They kept tired at work, and felt more tired while working at computer in the hospital. 3. The part of body in which they felt fatigue was the calf and $feet(36.6\%)$, the shoulders and back of the $neck(30.7\%)$, and the whole $body(10.8\%)$ and the reason that they felt tired at work was mental $stress(33.0\%)$, overworking(25.2\%)$, and irregular working $conditions(14.7\%)$ in order. 4. The solution to their fatigue at work appeared nothing by $50.1\%$, and the way of releasing fatigue after work indicated getting some $sleep(30.8\%)$, and taking a bath or a $shower(21.7\%)$ in order. 5. The degree of fatigue depending on whether they were satisfied with their pay and labor condition appeared low: and when they were satisfied with doctors. and when they were getting on well with caregivers. 6. The effective factor of the degree of fatigue appeared: the influence that fatigue in the hospital makes on daily life was $10.6\%$, the cause of fatigue at work, $9.3\%$, time of fatigue at work, $7.8\%$, the relationship with caregivers, $5.3\%$. and these explanatory$(R^2)$ variables.$33\%$. To conclude. the degree of nurses' fatigue appeared high. and it was higher in nurses at University Hospitals than in ones at General Hospitals. In addition, the influence that fatigue from the hospitals made on daily life was the most explanatory.