• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the need to develop foods for the elderly based on their food preferences. A one-to-one survey method was used for data collection, and the survey was conducted on 165 elderly people (male: 47, female: 118) attending senior welfare centers in Seoul. The results of this study show that the preferred cooking method was steaming rather than stir-frying. Vegetables (4.24), fruits (4.22), Kimchi (3.87), fish (3.83), tofu (3.81), rice-cakes (3.65), dairy products/eggs (3.47), meat (3.45), noodles (3.44), seafood (3.44), poultry (3.23), bread/cookies (3.10) showed high preferences in order (p<0.05). The respondent's chewing & swallowing degree were "Not uncomfortable chew" 31.5%, "Hard food, and a big food is a little difficult to intake". 37%, "Hard food, and a big food is difficult to intake" 11.5%, "Small food, and soft foods can intake" 11.5%, and "It is difficult to intake solid food" 1.2%. Foods that were difficult to chew were meat 28.3%, seafood 15.2%, vegetables 15.2%, nuts 14.1%, fruits 12.0%, Kimchi 8.7%, and other 6.5%. For respondents, the most important factors affecting choice of elderly foods were flavor (48.5%), hygiene (43.0%), and nutrition (36.4%). The elderly wanted "Ready to eat (RTE)" 53.9%, "Ready to heat (RTH)" 15.8%, "Ready to cook (RTC)" 21.2%, and 'Fresh cut product" 9.1%.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

The purpose of study is to estimate heating, cooling load performance and economic efficiency in office building with applied the functional paint. this paint can reduced SHGC(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) on the glazing surface by coating. In this study, estimated to compared with double glazing, low-e glazing, IP(Insulation Paint) and IPu(Insulation UV-Cut Paint) coating glazing. As a result of this study, 1)heating & cooling load Analysis, SHGC value and U-factor of double glazing is about 0.70 and 3.29($W/m^2K$). low-E glazing is about 0.65 and 2.70($W/m^2K$). Two-side it is about 0.27 and 3.25($W/m^2K$). When compared to double glazing, annual heating & cooling load of low-E glazing, Two-side IPu and IP paint coating glazing is 3,012MWh($124kWh/m^2$), 2,910MWh($120kWh/m^2$), 2,867MWh($118.4kWh/m^2$) and 2,867MWh($118.4kWh/m^2$). It i sreduced to 2.0%, 5.2%, 6.7%, and 6.7% respectively. 2)the estimation of economic efficiency, low-e glazing installed in office building can not recover the investment within a lifetime 40years. but IPu and IP paint, two-side coating in glazing, have a payback period of 13 years respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2002

Eutectic high chromium cast irons containing 17%Cr and 26%Cr were produced for this research by making each of them solidify unidirectionally. Abrasion wear test against SiC or $Al_2$O$_3$bonded paper was carried out using test pieces cut cross-sectionally at several distances from the chill face of castings. The wear resistance was evaluated in connection with the parameters such as eutectic colony size($E_w$), area fraction of boundary region of the colony($S_B$) where comparatively large massive chromium carbides are crystallized and, average diameter of chromium carbides in the boundary region($D_c$). The wear rate($R_w$), which is a gradient of straight line of wear loss versus testing time, was influenced by the type and the particle size of the abrasives. The $R_w$ value against SiC was found to be larger than that against A1$_2$O$_3$under the similar abrasive particle size. In the case of SiC, the $R_w$ value increased with an increase in the particle size. The $R_w$ value also increased as the eutectic colony size decreased, and that of the 17%Cr iron was larger than that of the 26%Cr iron at the same $E_w$ value. Both of the $S_B$ and $D_c$ values were closely related to the $R_w$ value regardless of chromium content of the specimens. The $R_w$ values of the annealed specimens were greater than those of the as-cast specimens because of softened matrix structures. As for the relationship between wear rate and macro-hardness of the specimens, the hardness resulting in the minimum wear rate was found to be at 550 HV30.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 금속증착 커패시터 소체내에서 발생하는 셀프힐링 특성을 연구 검토하였다. 커패시터에 정격전압 이상의 직류 전압으로 셀프힐링을 발생시켜 발생위치를 표정하였으며, 발생부위에 대해서는 전자주사현미경, 에너지 분산형 X선 분광기, 적외선분광기, 시차주사열량계를 사용하여, 셀프힐링 전·후 표면구조, 성분분석, 화학적 구조변화, 열적특성을 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 셀프힐링 발생시의 부산물은 주로 탄소 성분이었다. 건전시료와 셀프힐링 발생시료의 적외선 스펙트럼 분석은 유사하였으나, 500(%)에서 열처리된 시료의 적외선 스펙트럼 분석은 서로 달랐다. 시차주사열량계 분석결과 금속증착 폴리프로필렌필름의 건전시료와 셀프칠링 발생시료의 열량 피크는 서로 달랐다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 1977

충격방법(衝擊方法)에 의(依)하여 고추씨를 분리(分離)할 수 있으나 그 수율(收率)을 45%이상(以上) 올릴 수는 없었다. 따라서 보다 높은 씨분리수율(分離收率)을 이룩하기 위하여 고추 조직(組織)에 대(對)한 가열효과(加熱效果)를 시도(試圖)한 결과(結果) 씨의 분리(分離)가 용이(容易)하게 이룩될 수 있는 고추 내(內)의 공격(空隔)이 증가(增加)되었다. 이와같은 가열효과(加熱效果)를 씨의 분리(分離)에 이용(利用)키 위하여 회전사식원통형(回轉篩式圓筒型) 씨분리기(機)에 $65^{\circ}C$, 0.61m/sec의 열풍(熱風)을 송입(送入)하면서 씨를 분리(分離)할 경우 93%까지 분리수율(分離收率)을 높일수 있었다. 열풍하(熱風下)에서의 씨의 분리(分離)는 고추의 절단부위(切斷部位)에 따라 차이(差異)는 있었으나 고추 건조(乾燥)가 완료(完了)되기 이전(以前)에 씨의 분리(分離)를 완료(完了)할 수 있었으므로, 동시탈종(同時脫種) 건조방법(乾燥方法)이라는 새로운 고추의 가공방법(加功方法)을 개발(開發)하게 되었다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

In this paper, we studied the micro tool deflection, micro cutting with low temperature, and deformation of micro ribs caused by cutting forces. First, we performed an integrated machining error compensation method based on captured images of tool deflection shapes in micro cutting process. In micro cutting process, micro tool deflection generates very serious problems in contrast to macro tool deflection. To get the real images of micro tool deflection, it is possible to estimate tool deflection in cutting conditions modeled and to compensate for machining errors using an iterative algorithm correcting tool path. Second, in macro cutting fields, the cryogenic cutting process has been applied to cut the refractory metal but, the serious problem may be generated in micro cutting fields by the cryogenic environment. However, if the proper low temperature is applied to micro cutting area, the cooling effect of cutting heat is expected. Such effect can make the reduction of tool wear and burr formation. For verifying this passibility, the micro cutting experiment at low temperature was performed and SEM images were analyzed. Third, the micro pattern was deformed by the cutting forces and the shape error occurred in the sidewall multi-step cutting process were minimized. As the results, the relationship between the cutting conditions and the deformation of micro-structure during micro cutting process was investigated.

• 한국도시철도학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2018

레일의 잔류응력은 레일의 피로 및 파괴 특성에 영향을 끼치는 인자로서, 레일의 가공 및 열처리 등 생산 과정 단계에서 이미 형성되며, 이를 정확하게 분석하는 기술은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 레일 내부에 존재하는 잔류응력을 측정하기 위하여, 잔류응력 분석방법의 하나인 파괴법 기반 굴곡측정법을 적용하여 레일 축 방향의 잔류응력을 평가하였다. 레일의 축 방향과 수직한 단면을 방전가공을 사용하여 느린 속도로 단면을 절단한 후 레이저 기반인 굴곡 측정기를 이용하여 단면의 굴곡을 정밀 측정하였다. 측정된 데이터는 유한요소해석 프로그램 ABAQUS를 활용하여 설정한 요소로 잔류응력으로 변환시켰으며, 총 3종의 다른 규격을 갖고 있는 신 레일 (50N, KR60, UIC60)의 잔류응력 값의 경향과 수치를 비교하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.684-689
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• 2019

Single crystals, which have complexed composition, are fabricated by solid state grain growth. However, it is hard to achieve stable properties in a single crystal due to trapped pores. Aerosol deposition (AD) is suitable for fabrication of single crystals with stable properties because this process can make a high density coating layer. Because of their unique features (nano sized grains, stress inner site), it is hard to fabricate single crystals, and so studies of grain growth behavior of AD film are essential. In this study, a $BaTiO_3$ coating layer with ${\sim}9{\mu}m$ thickness is fabricated using an aerosol deposition method on (100) and (110) cut $SrTiO_3$ single crystal substrates, which are adopted as seeds for grain growth. Each specimen is heat-treated at various conditions (900, 1,100, and $1,300^{\circ}C$ for 5 h). $BaTiO_3$ layer shows different growth behavior and X-ray diffraction depending on cutting direction of $SrTiO_3$ seed. Rectangular pillars at $SrTiO_3$ (100) and laminating thin plates at $SrTiO_3$ (110), respectively, are observed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.779-794
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• 2021

In this study, the sales status of female ball-jointed dolls and their parts were investi- gated and analyzed. Baseline data from 194 products and 54 brands on domestic and international Internet sites was gathered for the manufacture of ball-jointed dolls and the development of prototype costumes for them. The results are as follows. First, the sizes used for ball-jointed dolls are SD, USD, MSD, 13SD, and 70SD together with height. This study analyzed 39 sizes (15~70cm) by classifying them into numbered groups: 1 (15~22cm), 2 (23~33cm), 3 (35~51cm), 4 (53~62cm), and 5 (63~70cm). The price varied depending on the size; for example, 50cm dolls were approximately 45,000 won, while limited editions were sold at high prices, regardless of their size. They were classified into designs according to their body proportions and facial features as follows: 7- or 8-head-figure, 5-head figure, and 3-head figure, and were presented proportionally as images of women, adolescents, and infants. Second, the head was incised so that the top could be removed horizontally or the facial region vertically, allowing attachment of the eyeballs (which were either glass, resin, or acrylic) to the inside. More than 30 different colors were sold. Various wig styles were provided, including cut, short hair, and perm. These were made from human hair, heat-resistant fiber, and artificial hair. For the hands, there was a design expressing human hand gestures. For the feet, heels were in the form of wearing either high-heels or flat soles.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2022

Recently, investment in the aerospace industry has increased, and titanium alloys have been widely adopted for manufacturing parts in the aerospace industry. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy has high strength in high-temperature and high-pressure environments and is evaluated as a material with excellent heat, corrosion, and abrasion. However, titanium alloys are expensive, difficult to cut, and possess a large cutting load during the drilling process. In this study, the cutting force generated in the drilling process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was verified via finite element analysis (FEM) and cutting force measurement experiments. A structural analysis was performed based on the cutting analysis data to verify the plastic deformation occurring during the drilling process of cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V alloy aircraft parts. Methods were proposed to predict the amount of deformation that occur during the manufacturing process of titanium-alloy aircraft parts and control the external environment, to minimize the amount of deformation.