• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2018

This study aims to present accurate soil modeling and validation of a single roadside guardrail post as well as a single concrete pile installed near cut slopes or compacted sloping embankment. The conventional Winkler's elastic spring model and p-y curve approach for horizontal ground cannot directly be applied to sloping ground where ultimate soil resistance is significantly dependent on ground inclination. In this study, both grid-based 3-D FE model and particle-based SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) model available in LS-DYNA have been adopted to predict the static behavior of a laterally loaded guardrail post. The SPH model has potential to eliminate any artificial soil stiffness due to the deterioration of the node-connected Lagrangian soil mesh. For this purpose, this study comprises two parts. Firstly, only 3-D FE modeling has been tested to show the numerical validity for a single concrete pile in sloping ground using Mohr-Coulomb material. However, this material option cannot be implemented for SPH elements. Nevertheless, Mohr-Coulomb model has been used since this material model requires six input soil data that can be obtained from the comparative papers in literatures. Secondly, this work is extended to compute the lateral resistance of a guardrail post located near the slope using the hybrid approach that combines Lagrange FE elements and SPH elements by the suitable node-merging option provided by LS-DYNA. For this analysis, the FHWA soil material developed for application to road-base soils has been used and also allows the application of SPH element.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.566-572
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to analyze insomnia after the change to consecutive day shift from day and night shift in a motor assembly factory. Materials: Data were collected at before and after shift system change through a survey conducted by a labor union. We analyzed transition of PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) among 222 workers by separating the day shift week and night shift week. The cut-off point of insomnia was 8.5 on the PSQI. Results: Mean PSQI in the day shift week significantly did not decrease, going from $6.36{\pm}3.23$ to $6.46{\pm}3.00$(p=0.612 by paired t-test), Mean PSQI for night shift week significantly decreased from $8.31{\pm}3.36$ to $6.19{\pm}3.18$(p<0.001 by paired t-test). However, mean PSQI in the day shift week increased from $6.33{\pm}3.83$ to $7.11{\pm}2.86$ in ${\geq}50$ years(p=0.085, by repeated measured ANOVA). Mean PSQI score in the night shift week improved more in the married group(from $8.38{\pm}3.27$ to $6.12{\pm}3.18$) than in the non-married group(from $7.82{\pm}3.27$ to $6.12{\pm}3.18$)(p=0.038, by repeated measured ANOVA). Conclusions: The change to consecutive day shift improved insomnia in night shift. However, insomnia in the day shift week was worsened among those more than 50 years old.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

A cascade impactor is a multistage impaction device used to separate airborne particles into aerodynamic size classes. A micro-orifice impactor uses micro-orifice nozzles to extend the cut sizes of the lower stages to as small as 0.05 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter without resorting to low pressures or creating excessive pressure drops across the impactor stages. In this work, the phenomenon of particle clogging in micro-orifice nozzles was experimentally investigated for a commercial micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). It was observed, using an optical microscope, that the micro-orifice nozzles of the final stages were partially clogged due to particle deposition during the aerosol sampling. Therefore the pressure drops across the nozzles were higher than the nominal values given by the manufacturer. To examine the effect of particle clogging in micro-orifice nozzles, the particle collection efficiency of the MOUDI was evaluated using an electrical method for fine particles with diameters in the range of 0.1-0.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The monodisperse liquid dioctyl sebacate (DOS) particles were used as test aerosols. A faraday cage was employed to measure the low-level current of the charged particles upstream and downstream of each stage. It was found that the collection efficiency curves shifted to correspond to smaller orifice sizes, and the 50-% cutoff sizes were much smaller than those given by the manufacturer for the three stages with nozzles less than 400 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

The liquid-phase sintering method was used to prepare a glass lens forming core composed of SiC-$Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$. Spark plasma sintering was used to obtain dense sintered bodies. The sintering characteristics of different SiC sources and compositions of additives were studied. Results revealed that, owing to its initial larger surface area, $\alpha$-SiC offers sinterability that is superior to that of $\beta$-SiC. A maximum density of $3.32\;g/cm^3$ (theoretical density [TD] of 99.7%) was obtained in $\alpha$-SiC-10 wt% ($6Al_2O_3-4Y_2O_3$) sintered at $1850^{\circ}C$ without high-energy ball milling. The maximum hardness and compression stress of the sintered body reached 2870 Hv and 1110 MPa, respectively. The optimum ultra-precision machining parameters were a grinding speed of 1243 m/min, work spindle rotation rate of 100 rpm, feed rate of 0.5 mm/min, and depth of cut of $0.2\;{\mu}m$. The surface roughnesses of the thus prepared final products were Ra = 4.3 nm and Rt = 55.3 nm for the aspheric lens forming core and Ra = 4.4 nm and Rt = 41.9 for the spherical lens forming core. These values were found to be sufficiently low, and the cores showed good compatibility between SiC and the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating material. Thus, these glass lens forming cores have great potential for application in the lens industry.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1519-1519
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• 2001

The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of NIRS in analysing textural characteristics of “Pasta Filata” cheese during the shelf-life. For this purpose, 128 samples of “Pasta Filata” cheese, subdivided into two sets on the basis of the wax used to avoid mechanical damages (paraffin, biodegradable wax), were analysed by using an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe). Analyses were performed at room temperature. Samples were cut into small cylinders (D=3.2 cm, height = 1 cm), in agreement with literature information. Data were processed by using Sesame Software (Bran+Luebbe). Samples were analysed, during the shelf-life, at 90 and 120 days. In parallel, textural characteristics were detected carrying out a compression method by using an Universal Testing Machine Instron model 4301 (Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts). As compression probe was used a cylinder (D = 5.8 cm, height = 3.7 cm) and a speed rate of 20mm/min was applied. The load at 20 mm of compression was recorded on sample cylinders of 1.7 cm (D) by 2 cm (height). Qualitative analysis of full spectra showed the possibility to gather samples on the basis of the days of shelf-life. The textural characteristics of cheese during the shelf-life was evaluated by comparing NIRS data with rheological results. The best correlation was obtained applying MLR to the first derivative of normalized absorbance values at seven wavelengths. Load values were plotted against the NIR prediction values based on first derivatives. NIRS proved to be an useful tool in classifying samples on the basis of the shelf-life period as well as in predicting their textural characteristics ($R^2$= 0.916, SEC = 0.192, SEP = 0.248, SEV = 0.345).

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1259-1259
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• 2001

Meat becomes brown and rancid during storage in the refrigerator and display in the case. Color changes, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation are the important problems in the transportation / distribution of meat and retail display. The freshness of meat is determined by the sense of vision and smell. Since conventional method determining lipid oxidation is time consuming and destructive (it needs to homogenize meat with reagents, filtrate, time for reaction and read optical density using spectroscopy), more rapid and nondestructive technical tools are desired. The objective of this work was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining meat color, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation. in beef, pork and chicken. Semitendinosus and longissimus thoracis muscles from six beef steers, biceps femoris and longissimus thoracis muscles from twelve LWD crossbred pigs, and superficial pectoral muscles from twenty-four broilers were used. About a 5-cm diameter and 1-cm thick sample (20.0g) was cut from the muscle and placed on plastic foam, over-wrapped with PVC film, and displayed under flourescent lights at 4 degrees C. during 10 days for beef and pork or 4 days for chicken. The spectra was measured by NIR systems Model 5500 Spectrophotometer using fiber optic scan at range of 400 - 1100 nm. Data were recorded at 2 nm intervals and 10 scans / 10 sec were averaged for every sample. Data obtained were saved as log 1/Re, where Re is the reflectance energy, and then mathematically transformed to second derivatives to reduce effects of differences in particle size. $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$, and metmyoglobin formation were determined by conventional spectrophotometer using the integrating sphere unit. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured for lipid oxidation. A multiple linear regression was used to find the equation which would best fit the data. The number of wavelengths used in the equation was selected based on the fewer number compared to the increasing multiple correlation and Decreasing standard error. (omitted)

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.258-261
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• 2003

해체공사는 신축공사보다 위험하며 환경위해요인을 많이 야기시킨다. 그러나 해체공사현장에서 사용되는 가설울타리는 환경위해요인의 차단, 안정성과 작업공간확보의 역할을 하지 못한다. 단지 외부의 시선을 차단한 뿐이다. 이 연구는 가설울타리가 해체공사 초기에 설치될 수 있다는 가능성에서 시작하였다. 연구의 초기단계로 실제 가설울타리가 사용되는 실태를 파악하였으며 그 결과 가설울타리가 해체공사 이전에 설치할 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 이에 우리는 해체공사와 신축공사용 가설울타리의 통합을 실제화하는 데 주력하였다. 연구에 결과는 다음과 같다. .첫째, 통합에 제한요소를 파악해야 한다. 둘째, 건축공사 표준시방서의 보완이 필요하다. 셋째, 가설울타리의 훼손 및 변경에 대비해야한다. 마지막으로 가설울타리의 통한을 통해 환경위해요인 저감, 공사비 절감, 작업환경 개선, 해체공사의 이미지 제고를 기대할 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2018

According to government policy, renewable energy facility such as solar power generation is being implemented for newly constructed buildings. In recent years, the introduction of Energy Storage System (ESS) served as an emergency power for replacing an existing diesel generator has been increasing. Furthermore, in order to expand the efficacy of the ESS operation, operation in combination with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power generation is increasing. Hence, development of the ESS operation algorithms for emergency mode as well as the peak power cut mode, which is the essential feature of ESS, are necessary. The operational scenarios of ESS need to consider load power requirement and the amount of the power generation by renewable energy sources. For the verification of the developed scenarios, tests under the actual situation are demanded, but there is a difficulty in simulating the emergency operation situation such as system failure in the actual site. Therefore, this paper proposes simulation models for the HILS(Hardware In the Loop Simulation) and operation modes developed through HILS for the ESS operated with renewable energy source under peak power reduction and emergency modes. The paper shows that the ESS operation scenarios developed through HILS work properly at the actual site, and it verifies the effectiveness of the control logic developed by the HILS.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 1999

프랙탈 영상 압축은 영상의 일부 영역이 같은 영상의 다른 영역과 거의 유사한 모양을 하고 있다는 자기유사성에 기초하고 있다. 이 압축 방법은 높은 압축률과 빠른 복원력을 제공하지만 매우 긴 압축 시간을 갖는 단점이 있다. 압축 시간을 단축하기 위해, 가장 많은 시간이 소요되는 레인지 블록과 도메인 블록간의 비교탐색 과정을 줄이 는 연구가 꾸준히 이루어 져 왔다. 이 연구들은 도메인 블록과 레인지 블록의 유사성에 기초한 탐색시간의 단축 연구가 주를 이루고 있고, 레인지 블록들간에 존재하는 유사성을 적절히 이용하지 못하고 있다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 레인지 블록간의 유사성을 이용한 압축 알고리즘의 개발을 위해 레인지 영역간의 유사성에 대한 분석을 수행할 것이다. 레인지 블록의 유사성을 결정하는 유사성 척도와 문턱치에 따른 유사성 정도를 비교 및 분석할 것이다. 이 제안방법은 다른 프랙탈 영상 압축 기법의 사전 작업으로 활용되어 더욱 큰 효과를 볼 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

프랙탈 영상 압축은 영상의 일부 영역이 같은 영상의 다른 영역과 거의 유사한 모양을 하고 있다는 자기유사성에 기초하고 있다. 이 압축 방법은 높은 압축률과 빠른 복원력을 제공하지만 매우 긴 압축 시간을 갖는다. 압축 시간을 줄이기 위해 가장 많은 시간이 소요되는 레인지 블록과 도메인 블록간의 비교 탐색 과정을 줄이려는 시도가 꾸준히 이루어져 왔다. 이 연구들은 크게 탐색할 도메인 영역에 제한을 가하는 방법과 도메인 블록의 탐색 순서를 주어진 조건을 만족하는 최초의 도메인을 찾는 방법으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 프랙탈 영상 압축 기법은 아직도 많은 압축 시간을 필요로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영상 압축 시간을 획기적으로 줄이기 위해 레인지 블록간의 유사성을 이용하여 몇 개의 레인지 플록에 대해서만 도메인 탐색을 시도하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 모든 레인지 블록은 각각의 모양을 바탕으로 몇 개의 유사 그룹으로 분류되며, 각 그룹의 대표 블록에 대해서만 도메인 탐색을 실행하게 된다. 또한 이 방법을 다른 프랙탈 영상 압축 기법의 사전 작업으로 활용한다면 더욱 큰 효과를 보게 될 것이다.