• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2009

ATS(Automatic Train Stop) system makes train stop when it runs over the speed limit and ensure the safe operation of train. Seoul Metro line 2 in Korea, which started its passenger service in 1982, has adopted ATS system for its signaling system. The ATS system has only a train stop function at the time of emergency, and Seoul Metro is planning to replaced them with ATC(Automatic Train Control)/ATO(Automatic Train Operation) system which can provide the dedicated speed control for headway reduction and automatic operation of train. Until all the ATS system is replaced with the new ATC system, both systems are to operate simultaneously at the same metro line. In this situation, ATS system sometimes reveals improper operation: train stops suddenly without any obstacles in front of it. These emergency stops cause interruption of passenger service, and abnormal abrasion of wheels and rail. This paper makes it clear that these interruptions are caused by EMI phenomena between ATS on-board device and ATC wayside device : Signal current flowing in AF track circuit of ATC is turn out to be a EMI source that prevent normal operation of the ATS on-board device. Although the two systems have different frequency-ranges (ATS system has frequency range between $78{\sim}130$[kHz] and ATC system has frequency range between $9.5{\sim}16.5$[kHz]), it turned out that EMI phenomena appears between the both systems. This is investigated by measuring the output signal from ATS on-board device passing over ATC wayside device. The FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) analysis of the signal reveals that AF track circuit signal is transmitted to the ATS on-board device and induce noise causing improper operation. The countermeasures to the EMI phenomena are examined in three ways; blocking EMI transmission, enforcement of EMS (Electromagnetic Susceptibility) of ATS on-board device, and blocking the EMI source. It is suggested that the practical solution be blocking EMI source temporarily, that is breaking AF track circuit signal when the trains with ATS on-board device pass over it. To this purpose, TODS(Train Occupation Detection System) is developed, and has made a success in preventing the EMI problem of Seoul Metro line 2.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.21
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• pp.71-84
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• 2010

The current distribution structure in Korea film industry is in the multiplex chain. As a result, most small or medium-sized theaters have been excluded from the market, and all the multiplex chain have gradually been formed into the vertical integration structure. The strike by multiplex theaters in Chuncheon who did not screen for one month led to the problem of the vertical integration, which resulted in many effects. Particularly, it caused considerable effect on the cultural desire and instigated movie-goers to turn to illegal content. This study surveys the process in which Korean multiplex theaters in vertical integration structure took over the Korean film market, and consequently, small theaters collapsed, and the theaters in vertical integration structure kick out small theaters in horizontal integration structure, and conducts a survey on the effect of the one-month strike by Chuncheon CGV from September 27 to October 30, 2008 in Chuncheon where said processes had completed so as to determine the effect of and impact of the problem of the vertical integration, monopoly structure. When major consumers of the film industry, i.e., people in their 20s, see their access to newly released films limited due to closing of multiplex theaters, they feel the impulse to access illegal contents. If they miss viewing the newly released films, they prefer to view illegal contents or films on recording media rather than visiting theaters showing those films. They are also influenced by timing of film release. Specifically, methods of illegal access to newly released films, permanent accessibility to them via recording media, and timing of film release influence their viewing patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2619-2627
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• 2009

The ground fault is occupying 70% among the total number of faults in ungrounded distribution power system. When the ground fault occurs in ungrounded system, the fault current is so small that it is hard to detect. But fault handling is very important because to continue power supply during fault conditions may cause the fault spreading and the distribution device in trouble. This paper presents the fault line detection method by using GPT signal detecting zero sequence voltage, and the fault section detection method by detecting whether GPT signal is disappeared or not during shifting normally open switch, which is connecting switch between distribution lines with open state in order to restore the outage area under emergency situation, and during isolating each section one by one which belongs to the fault line. This method is efficient because there is no whole power interruption during the fault section detection, and it is possible to perform both the fault section detection and the service restoration for the outage area at the same time, and it can apply to various distribution system configuration. Program for the fault restoration was developed applying proposed method, and it has been validated by applying to the pilot project of distribution automation system in Vietnam which has the ungrounded distribution system.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.444-467
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• 2015

Government has accounted an R&D investment on drug development for the highest share among biotechnology sector. Since competitive investments between each agencies, issues on efficiency or effectiveness of the duplicate investments have been raised continuously. In this research, we investigated the effectiveness of the investment through analysis of portfolio on drug development R&D, journals, patents, and performance of the each process. As a result, reliable technology for current market demands could not compute productive outcome at the early process of the development. On the other hand, grants which support non-clinical process of the development has produced the high-quality patents for active utilization. Moreover, analysis of the performance of the process, which affects rate of success on the drug development, showed decreased efficiency compared to global average. Therefore, we proposed the strategies of reflecting the market demands and bridging between stages without interruption for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness on investment of drug development R&D. Furthermore, strategies for concentrated support on each process should be prepared for the success of final drug development.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.590-598
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• 2015

Despite various control methods for pine wilt disease, the disease has been increasing at an alarming rate every year in Korea. Still there is a lack of research on the problems of the current methods used to curb the disease. One main method to control pine wilt disease is fumigation for eliminating the larva of the pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus alternatus) which is known as the vector insect for pine wilt disease. We surveyed and analyzed the amount of destroyed uninfected trees in the fumigated area by studying 32 survey plots ($100m^2$) in Miryang city. The destroyed trees' crown area was estimated by induced regression between root collar area and crown area of the remaining trees (coniferous tree: $R^2=57.4$, deciduous broad-leaved tree: $R^2=63.8$). According to the analysis results, the infected trees (cut trees) were 18.7% and cut trees which were not infected were 35.5% of the total tree population of the study area on the basis of total crown area. In case of pine trees, 8.4% of uninfected trees were cut off but 62% of uninfected deciduous broad-leaved trees including Quercus spp. were affected and damaged during the fumigation process. Since these broad-leaved trees dominate the sub-canopy layer of the forest, this indiscriminate interruption of broad-leaved trees has the adverse effect of depriving the public benefits such as shadow, a cooler weather, controlling humidity, etc.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

In this paper, we have studied the improvement of operational control for the enhancement of business continuity of information system becoming more important with the development of information technology such as big data, Iot, and artificial intelligence. The operational management and audit guidance of the current information system, which is coming in the fourth industrial age, where various services, data and industries are converged, is based on the existing general information system pattern and needs to be improved. The provision of services at fixed times is linked to the survival of enterprises and countries and serves as a key element. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of optimized check items of the operation audits to minimize the service interruption damage of the information system and to provide the stable service in terms of business continuity management. To accomplish this, the check items presented in the operational control of the information system were derived by combining the PDCA step contents and 8 resource requirements provided in ISO 22301. From the point of view of increasing the business continuity according to the derivation criteria of the inspection items, the operational inspection check items were derived by exemplifying the improved check items and review items of the information system operation audit and the products to be checked during the operational audit. The check items were divided into management audit improvement check items for service continuity management, and operational audit improvement check items for performance and availability management. The average score of the IT professionals' survey on the suitability of the proposed checklist was 4.63, which was concluded to be appropriate.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.64-85
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• 2016

This paper is to consider the development process of conflict between Daegu and Gumi which has been arisen from Daegu city's plan of relocation of water intake plant. It first argues that water is a major common and public resource which is circulated through the social process as well as the natural one, and hence that conflicts within or between regions due to its allocation should be resolved or managed by construction of collaborative governance in which all stake-holders participate. In particular, it is pointed out that collaborative governance would be not only oriented to a normative goal, but also be mobilized as a strategic means. On the basis of this conceptual consideration, this paper explores the development process of conflict caused by Daegu city's plan of relocation of water intake plant, and analyze the starting conditions and deliberation process of the public-private committee which has been constituted through a consensus between Daegu and Gumi city government. It concludes that the current interruption of the committee has happened, because it has been mobilized politically as a strategic means for regional hegemony, not as a normative one to resolve the conflict.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.61
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• pp.9-38
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• 2019

As the scales & density of the Korean national infrastructures have been increased, they will be identified as rich and attractive potential targets for intensified North Korea's attack in the rear region and terrorism attack. In addition, due to changes in security environment such as drone threats and lack of security forces under the 52-hour workweek law, I think that it is the proper time point to reevaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of the current physical protection system and its shift to a new system. In this study, the direction and improvement of the perimeter physical protection systems of the national infrastructures are to be studied from the viewpoints of its concepts of operations and design methodology, focusing on the nuclear power plant. The reason why we focus on nuclear power plants is because they cause wide-range and long-term damages caused by radioactive materials disperal and pollution, along with short-term damage caused by the interruption of electricity generation in the event of damage to nuclear power plants. With the aim of extracting improvement directions, as we will comprehensively review domestic research trends and domestic·overseas related laws, and consider Korea's specificity, we try to reframe the concept of operation - systematization, mobilization and flexibility -, and establish criteria on system change. In order to improve the technical performance of the new perimeter physical protection system, we study on high-fidelity·multi-methodology based integrated design methodology, breaking from individual silo-type design methods, and I suggest improvement of government procurement, its expansion to export business and other national infrastructure.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-29
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find out various problem behaviors of children who were not diagnosed with any disability, but instead, engaged in problem behaviors. This study also intended to review the difficulties of children with problem behaviors, their teachers' difficulties and needs, to suggest support for child care and education teachers. This study conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with eight child care and education teachers. The interviews were transcribed into text and analyzed by contents. The results of this study are as follows. Problem behaviors of children described by teachers were classified into external and internal types. In addition, children with problem behaviors had experienced difficulties in maintaining relationships with their teachers, peers and parents. Many teachers were not successful to provide appropriate support for preschoolers who demonstrated problem behaviors in classrooms or some teachers provided individualized support. Teachers adapted the behavioral and the psychological approaches to problem behaviors of preschoolers. However, teachers reported difficulties with children with problem behavior and brought up the following issues on teaching children with problem behaviors; managing troubled matters happening in the class, difficulty in controlling teacher's emotions on problem behaviors, the lack of time, the integrated child care time without teacher in charge of child, the interruption in activity progress, the lack of a special way to deal with problem behaviors, and difficulty in cooperation with families through parents-teacher counseling sessions. Teachers counseled with parents who had a child with problem behaviors and revealed that parents reacted to problem behaviors in various ways such as embarrassment, acceptance, ignorance, or avoidance. Most teachers received assistance and support for teaching children with problem behaviors, from families, local communities and in-service training. Lastly, teachers with preschoolers with problem behaviors needed the support of experts on managing behavior problems, assistant teaching personnel, education for parents and teachers, respects for teachers, psychological counseling or play therapy from professional service agencies, diagnosis service at child care and education centers which children attended, and support networking with agencies. Teachers also required the family support of medical diagnosis and psychological counseling and financial support from the government.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Sporulation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been regarded as an important model of cellular development and differentiation. S. pombe cells proliferate by mitosis and binary fission on growth medium. Deprivation of nutrients especially nitrogen sources, causes the cessation of mitosis and initiates sexual reproduction by matting between two sexually compatible cell types. Meiosis is then followed in a diploid cell in the absence of nitrogen source. DNA fragment complemented with the mutations of sporulation gene was isolated from the S. pombe gene library constructed in the vector, pDB 248' and designated as pDB(spo5)1. We futher analyzed six recombinant plasmids, pDB(spo5)2, pDB(spo5)3, pDB(spo5)4, pDB(spo5)5, pDB (spo5)6, pDB(spo5)7 and found each of these plasmids is able to rescue the spo5-2, spo5-3, spo5-4, spo5-5, spo5-6, spo5-7 mutations, respectively. Mapping of the integrated plasmid into the homologous site of the S. pombe chromosomes demonstrated that pDB(spo5)1, and pDB(spu5)Rl contained the spo5 gene. Transcripts of spo5 gene were analyzed by Northern hybridization. Two transcripts of 3.2 kb and 2.5kb were detected with 5kb Hind Ⅲ fragment containing a part of the spo5 gene as a probe. The small mRNA(2.5kb) appeared only when a wild-type strain was cultured in the absence of nitrogen source in which condition the large mRNA (3.2kb) was produced constitutively. Appearance of a 2.5kb spo5-mRNA depends upon the function of the meil, mei2 and mei3 genes.