• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.3 s.38
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• pp.349-361
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• 2006

New directions on rural policy have been discussed due to the domestic and international environmental changes such as the price degradation of agricultural products, maintenance of rural landscape, and so on. Development of amenity in rural areas has been come out as the one of new policy directions. Amenity defines as, in a very broad way, the public benefits accruing from the condition of a place, such as aesthetic beauty, clean air and water, or good street lighting. Amenity in rural area is referred as a resource with a potential possibility for development. Among them rural landscape is regarded as the one of major resources. In Jeju, particularly, stone wall retains the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism appointed stone wall as the one of important components in rural landscape and one of the 100 national historic symbols. Stone wall in Jeju has its intrinsic and real value and is widespread in rural regions. However, in spite of it's popularity, the landscape of stone wall has been degraded without any concerns and has been partly destroyed. Landscape of stonewall should be maintained and the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stone wall and to evaluate the landscape of stone wall in Jeju. GIS is used as an analysis tool. Several areas such as Hankyung, Namyeup, and so on in Jeju are selected as the case areas for this study.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.456-460
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative capacity of Rhododendron brachycarpum 95% ethanol extracts. Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical reactions. Total antioxidant capacities of R. brachycarpum extract at the concentrations of 0.2 and 1 mg/mL were 0.33 and 2.26 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. Superoxide scavenging activities of R. brachycarpum extract at the concentrations of 0.2 and 1 mg/mL were 45.0 and 77.0%, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of R. brachycarpum extract at the concentrations of 5 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ were 40.88 and 131.00 ${\mu}M$ Trolox equivalents, respectively. Total phenolic contents of R. brachycarpum extract at the concentrations of 0.2 and 1 mg/mL were 0.37 and 1.25 mM gallic acid equivalents, respectively. R. brachycarpum extract at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL inhibited 0.2 mM and 0.5 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced cyototoxicity by 52.1 and 30.3%, respectively, in HepG2 cell culture system. Thus, strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity-inhibiting effects of R. brachycarpum extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in total phenolic contents.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

This study tires to examine affects that job and socio-psychological stresses of female office workers influence job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions. A complete data are collected by conducting a survey with 240 female office workers from 9 medical institutions regarded as almost general hospital in Seoul. It is analyzed that the relation between socio-psychological stress and job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions by using t-test; analysis of variance; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; linear structural equation modeling; etc. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as it was comprehended by specific characteristics of subjects that the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, there were statistically significant distinctions from their age, marital status, presence of children, position in the organization, type of employment, and monthly average income. Second, this study regarded relationship between the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stresses, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention. Job and socio-psychological stresses were negatively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but the stresses were positive with leaving intention. Third, after evaluating effect that 8 features related to the job stress could influence job stress, the most effective valuables were in order to unfairness in organizational structure, workplace culture, inadequate compensation, and relationship conflict. Fourth, when looking at the overall effects of the job and sociopsychological stresses on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, work autonomy was the most influencing factor of work stress levels. The level of the job stress seemed to be a prevalent impact on the leaving intention and it showed the most negative relationship that path coefficient from leaving intention to organizational commitment and also from organizational commitment to job satisfaction. Based on these findings, it can be defined that the job and socio-psychological stresses strongly influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2012

Background: The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is steadily decreasing in South Korea. However, PTB is a disease with relatively high mortality and morbidity rates throughout Korea. Although there are many studies and statistics about the risk factors of PTB mortality in many countries, there are only a limited number of domestic papers on this topic. The aim of this study is to determine predictive factors for mortality among in-hospital patients associated with PTB. Methods: From December 2006 to January 2011, we reviewed medical records of 2,122 adult patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at a single tertiary hospital in a suburban area. In this study period, 960 patients were diagnosed with PTB by positive Acid fast bacilli smear and/or mycobacterial culture of the respiratory specimen. We compared the groups of patients deceased and patients discharged alive with PTB. The number of dead patients was 82 (47 males, 35 females). Results: Mortality was significantly associated with increased values of white blood cells (WBC), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of involved lung field, and length of hospitalization. Also, it was associated with the decreased values of hemoglobin, lymphocyte, sodium, albumin, and cholesterol. Furthermore, admission through the emergency department, initial intensive care unit admission, and drug resistant PTB affected mortality in PTB patients. Independent predictors associated with PTB mortality are BUN, initial intensive care unit care, and admission during treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion: In our study, mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis was related with parameters associated with nutritional status, disease severity at the time of admission, and drug resistance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.470-485
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. The subjects of this study were 202 elders in Aichi prefecture. The method of this study questionnaires interviews, and a self-administered questionnaire from the 1st to the 20th of April in 2000. This study tool was based on Walker et al. (1987)'s Health Promotion lifestyle Profiles (HPLP). Analysis of the data used an SPSS/pc+ WIN 9.0 program. Data analyses were conducted by using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA. Pearson correlation, Kendal tau and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles of Korean elderly in Japan was 2.72(SD=0.40). On the sub-scale of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles: nutrition(M = 3. 06), self-actualization(M =2.99), interpersonal support (M=2.81), stress management (M=2.68) revealed higher scores, whereas the scores of health responsibility(M=2.52), and exercise(M=1.92) were lower. 2. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles were significantly different by age (F = 11. 02, p = .000), religion(F=2.96, p=.033), occupation(F=6.91, p=.000), living family status(F=13.07, p=.000), living family number(F=11.74, p=.000), monthly pocket money(F=18.79, p=.000), the source of pocket money (F=7.18, p=.000), and the length of residence(F=9.79, p=.000). 3. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles was significantly predicted by monthly pocket money($r^2$ change =0. 188, p=.000), sex($r^2$ change= 0.066, p= .000), the length of residence($r^2$ change = 0.059, p = .000), the source of pocket money($r^2$ change=0.036, p= .000), age ($r^2$ change=0.018, p=.000). These variables showed a positive correlation with health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. These variables explained 36.7% of the variance of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. On the basis of the above findings, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles programs for Korean elderly in Japan needs be to developed with Japanese social-culture perspectives and needs to develop an intervention method to improve Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. It is also suggested that further research is required.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.131-143
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• 2000

This research aims to examine the pro-environmental food consumption behavior of two groups; the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks. The rationale for choosing these groups as target of research lies in the fact that they are expected to be the most active subject for enhancing the desirable culture of food consumption, through their close involvement in the whole process of food consumption in society. This study assumes the four areas of activity to be the meaningful categories in the investigation of the pro-environmental food consumption behaviour; planning of menu and purchasing the food materials, cooking, eating, and disposal of the leftover. By using these four categories, we attempt to provide with the empirical typology of pro-environmental food consumption behaviour and the analysis of the relations of it with socio-demographical variables. Their pro-environmental behaviors are divided into four types: $\circled1$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled2$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior, $\circled3$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled4$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior. There is no significant difference among the numbers of the cases that belong to each behavioral type. Seen in overall, however, we can say that the larger number of the cases belong to the passive type of behavior. Two socio-demographical variables of tole housekeepers and the restaurant cooks show significant corelations with the behavioral types of pro-environmental food consumption with the confidence level P<0.05, but there is no significant co-relations in other variables like gender, marital status, age, income, Engel coefficient, education. We also found that there is no great gap between the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks in their positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption, the percentage of each group belonging to the type being 51.9% and 48.1%, respectively, but that the former shows much greater number than the latter in belonging to the passive awareness type of the pro-environmental food consumption, 75.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Although the restaurant cooks can be said to be more ego-friendly than the housekeepers, if we consider the rapidly growing trend of outgoing-diner, more efforts should be exerted to develop the education and advertisement program for enhancing the restaurant cook's pro-environmental awareness and propagating the desirable food consumption cloture.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.619-641
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• 2014

Animation is an important tool to establish the identity of mutually related countries, as cultural contents with the economic value. That is, it is necessary that the Korean animation should extend the previous boundary of exchange, for the status of representative cultural industry in the 21st century global market. Especially, to overcome the regionally prejudiced and unbalanced cultural exchange, the possibility of extension with Czech animation, which has not had an active exchange with Korea, will be considered and the efficient method will be proposed. The Czech Republic is geopolitically located in the center of Europe and its infrastructure like industrial construction, investment environment, human resources is outstanding among Visegrad Group. The Czech Republic has a remarkable cultural border-crossing phenomenon, and as a complex country of cultural and religious characteristics of eastern and western European, it is a powerful nation leading Central Europe. Therefore, the animation exchange of Czech and Korea is valuable in culture and economy of both nations. Through such an animation exchange of both nations, not only Korean animation secures the diversity of exchange but also insignificant cultural exchange after formal establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990, will be revitalized and international firm relationship of both nations will be established. Therefore, as an activation plan or cultural exchange of Korea and the Czech Republic, concrete plan like Stop Motion Animation Workshop is proposed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.39-57
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• 2004

Many dairy producers periodically receive information about their bulk tank milk with reference to bulk tank somatic cell counts, standard plate counts, and preliminary incubation counts. This information, when collected over a period of time, in combination with bulk tank mastitis culture reports can become a significant knowledge base. Several guidelines have been proposed to interpret farm bulk tank milk bacterial counts. However many of the suggested interpretive criteria lack validation, and provide little insight to the interrelationship between different groups of bacteria found in bulk tank milk. Also the linguistic terms describing bulk tank milk quality or herd management status are rather vague or fuzzy such as excellent, good or unsatisfactory. The objective of this paper was to develop a set of fuzzy descriptors to evaluate bulk tank milk quality and herd's milking practice based on bulk tank milk microbiology test results. Thus, fuzzy logic based reasoning methodologies were developed based on fuzzy inference engine. Input parameters were bulk tank somatic cell counts, standard plate counts, preliminary incubation counts, laboratory pasteurization counts, non agalactiae-Streptococci and Streptococci like organisms, and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the input data, bulk tank milk quality was classified as excellent, good, milk cooling problem, cleaning problem, environmental mastitis, or mixed with mastitis and cleaning problems. The results from fuzzy reasoning would provide a reference regarding a good management practice for milk producers, dairy health consultants, and veterinarians.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2017

Since the 1960s, as de-institutionalization for the disabled advanced, the concept of integration for the disabled and the non-disabled has gradually developed as well. Despite efforts to improve various welfare policies for the disabled, their satisfaction level in culture and leisure activities has not significantly increased. This study aims to analyze the 10 selected design guidelines dealing with disability in order to diagnose the current status of the guidelines adaptable to inclusive park design, which can provide opportunities to access natural and cultural public spaces. From the users' point of view, the guidelines turn out not to have a balance between the disabled and the non-disabled in terms of the usage of certain spaces and they heavily focus on physical disability in adult ages. From the planning and design aspect, a specified design process is overlooked. Amenities/facilities and programs, layout and zoning are only mentioned while they are very specific about accessibility and mobility. It is necessary to establish the concept and goal of inclusive parks, and to provide specialized guidelines for inclusive parks from a more balanced perspective.