• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2013

Supermultiview and electro-holographic displays are promising displays for the future because they provide continuous parallaxes as their depth cue. But they are still in the early development stage due to the lack of supporting technologies. Achieving the continuous parallax in the supermultiview relies more on the number and size of pixels in the pixel cell/elemental image rather than the number of different view images. For the electro-holographic display, it also relies on the number and size of pixels in the panel. So these two methods share the same requirements for achieving the parallax. But the image displayed on the holographic display provides more impressive visual appeal than that on the supermultiview because the image can be floated on the front space of the display.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.221-230
• /
• 1994

Visitors to Tokyusan National Park were surveyed from August 9 to 12 During this time, 443 vistors were contacted. Of those individuals, 68.7% were males. 27.5% of respondents reported that they had gone beyond high shcool, and over one-half (64.9%) had gone as far as college. 54.7% were 20 years of age. 42.9% of the survey respondents were making their frist trip to Kuch'ontong and 67.9% to Muju Resort. The largest percentage of respondents were reported that they visited Tokyusan National Park for rippling. In group type, majority were traveling with their friends or family. In activity characteristics, 83.4％ were staying over nights visitors, and over 50% mentioned staying at private houses or hotels. In six types of normative violations, major reasons of littering behavior were unintentional violation and releaser-cue violation. Most respondents who witness other visitors' littering were not likely to intervene to stop their visitors' depreciative behavior(Bystander intervention Behavior). Most of visitors want to get more information from national park office.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl. Methods: Thirty-six normal weight college female students participated in this study once a week for 3 weeks. Three hundred grams of fried rice in a normal rice bowl (1st week), 300 g of fried rice in a diet rice bowl (2nd week), and 300 g of fried rice in small rice bowl (3rd week) were served to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice and the satiety rate were measured. Results: The consumption volume of fried rice was 248 g (414.5 kcal) with a normal rice bowl, 254 g (429.8 kcal) with a diet bowl, and 270 g (456.8 kcal) with a small rice bowl. Results showed that the subjects who were eating from the small rice bowl ate more fried rice (p<0.05) than eating from the normal rice bowl and diet rice bowl. However, the satiety rate of fried rice in a diet rice bowl was significantly higher than that of normal rice bowl and small rice bowl (p<0.05). The five point scale of perceived volume on fried rice served normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl were 2.4, 4.0 and 2.1. Conclusions: The visual cue plays a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than actual volume of consumed food in determining the level of fullness.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stretching exercise education on female workers' behavior for preventing musculoskeletal diseases. Method: This study educated occupational health nurses working in Seoul and Kyunggi area for stretching exercise methods and then had them educate female workers in each workplace for the stretching exercise methods. The subjects of this study were 205 female workers and the research period was from June to October 2003. Results: The female workers' self-efficacy on stretching exercise increased significantly. The female workers' perceived susceptibility on stretching exercise increased significantly. As for change in practical intention on preventive behavior for musculoskeletal diseases, those who replied to have a plan to exercise regularly and to want to participate in stretching exercise class increased significantly. According to whether to have subjective musculoskeletal symptoms or not, self-efficacy increased significantly after education in both workers with such symptoms and those without, and perceived susceptibility and cue to action increased significantly after education in workers without such symptoms. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop programs to increase self-efficacy and health belief and to apply them to female workers to prevent musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, it is necessary to provide repeated education for female workers' steady practice of preventive behavior.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2015

Speech production studies have suggested that bilinguals who are L2-dominant are the most likely to suppress the influence of the first language (L1) on the second language (L2). The voice onset times (VOTs) and fundamental frequencies (f0s) of monolingual and bilingual speakers of English and Korean were examined to address the question whether cross language influences occur particularly in L2 predominant bilinguals and to compare their outcomes with those of L2 proficient bilinguals and monolinguals. A total of 28 speakers participated in this experiment and they produced English and Korean stops in the carrier sentence. In English, for voiceless aspirated and unaspirated stops, L2 predominant bilingual speakers produced VOTs that were significantly shorter than those of monolingual English speakers. The outcome was analogous in Korean speech. For aspirated and lax stops, they produced shorter Korean VOTs than monolingual speakers. The results of f0s were slightly different from those of VOTs. In English, L2 predominant bilinguals produced f0s that were not significantly different from those of monolingual English speakers. In Korean, however, they produced f0s that were significantly different from those of monolingual Korean speakers. Taken VOT and f0 into consideration together, the overall results suggest that, although they tend to show a corresponding pattern of monolinguals, L2 predominant bilinguals had cross language phonetic influences between L1 and L2, similar to L2 proficient bilinguals. Between the two acoustic cues, f0 seemed to be a more reliable cue than VOT to examine the influences.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 1997

This study aims to describe, at one aspect, the relativity between syntactic structure and prosodic phrasing, and at the other, to establish a suitable phrasing pattern to produce more natural synthetic speech. To get meaningful results, all the word boundaries in the prosodic database were statistically analyzed, and assigned by the proper boundary type. The resulting 10 types of prosodic boundaries were classified into 3 types according to the strength of the breaks, which are zero, minor, and major break respectively. We have found out that the durational information was a main cue to determine the major prosodic boundary. Using the bigram and trigram of syntactic information, we predicted major and minor classification of boundary types. With brigram model, we obtained the correct major break prediction rates of 4.60%, 38.2%, the insertion error rates of 22.8%, 8.4% on each Test-I and Test-II text database respectively. With trigram mode, we also obtained the correct major break prediction rates of 58.3%, 42.8%, the insertion error rates of 30.8%, 42.8%, the insertion error rates of 30.8%, 11.8% on Test-I and Test-II text database respectively.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.589-599
• /
• 2016

Most existing resource management problem models arise from the original desire of allocating resources in either a user-centric or network-centric manner. The difference between their objectives is obvious: user-centric methods attempt to optimize the utility of individual users, whereas network-centric models intend to optimize the collective utilities of the entire network. In this paper, from the above two aspects, we analyze the robust power control problem in device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks, where two types of channel uncertainty set (e.g., ellipsoidal and column-wise) are considered. In the user-centric method, we formulate the problem into the form of a Stackelberg game, where the energy efficiency (EE) of each user is the ingredient of utility function. In order to protect the cellular user equipment's (CUE) uplink transmission, we introduce a price based cost function into the objectives of D2D user equipment (DUE). The existence and uniqueness of the game with the influence of channel uncertainty and price are discussed. In the network-centric method, we aim to maximize the collective EE of CUEs and DUEs. We show that by the appropriate mathematical transformation, the network-centric D2D power control problem has the identical local solution to that of a special case of the user-centric problem, where price plays a key role. Numerical results show the performance of the robust power control algorithms in the user-centric and network-centric models.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2014

Scientific study has investigated the body condition differences by habitat characteristics in larvae Korea salamander (Hynobius leechii) from March to April in 2012. To examine the sensitivity of external environment (predation risk), we divided two groups according to habitat characteristic; 1) Permanent pond and 2) Temporary pond. Howere, each larva was measured by head width at the level of the eye (HWE), largest head width (LHW) and snout-vent length, and we calculated the ratio of the head size by dividing HWE/LHW. As a result, larvae were larger in permanent pond group, had a faster growth rate than in temporary pond group. When exposed to the predator, larvae in permanent pond were smaller HWE/LHW than larvae in permanent pond. Therefore, these results indicate larvae in temporary pond more sensitive to the external environment.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 1997

This paper is to investigate a more detailed method for the diagnosis of anterior wall of the stomach by making a comparative study with several hospitals. It has been true that there have been hospitals, that have not examined anterior wall of the stomach. However, it is very important for us to examine anterior wall of the stomach for an carly detection of gastric carcinoma. The results of th study are as follows : 1. Frequency of occurrence of the early gastric carcinoma for the anterior wall were 50 cases and 34 cases for the posterior wall out of 84 cases. 2. Only a hospitals have examined the anterior wall of stomach. 3. In case of operation, only a hospitals have used two techniques at for same time single and double contrast studies. 4. Only cue hospital used a compression pad and three hospitals hod only filing state images taloen. 5. In general, 1 chest of film was used and the number of exposures rouged from 1 to 2 times. Lesions on the anterior wall of the stomach can be shown by the combination of prone single com-pression and supine double contrast radiographs. Therefore, the conclusion came to the result that the prone single compression and supine double contract technique of the anterior wall are Indispensable methods to the routine check of the stomach.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2006

Objectives: This study (a) investigated the rate of smoking cessation sucess for current male smokers, and (b) identified the factors that are associated with the smoking cessation success. Methods: Data were collected from four follow-up surveys of 700 current male smokers. The follow-up period was from December 2004 to June 2005. Success of smoking cessation was defined as "maintaining a smoking cessation status for six months". The demographic and socioeconomic factors included age, the household income level and, occupation. The smoking behavioral factors were composed of the amount of smoking, the duration of smoking, the age of initiating smoking, the willingness to quit, the frequency of trying to quit smoking and the smoker's attitude toward the anti-smoking policies. Results: The proportion of quitters increased from 6.6% to 11.0% during the follow-up period. The majority of quitters answered that the increase of tobacco price acted as cue to achieve smoking cessation. The age-standardized experience and success rate of smoking cessation were 16.0% (95% C.I.=13.0% to, 19.0%) and 4.5% (95% C.I.=3.0% to, 6.0%), respectively. On the multivariate analysis, success for smoking cessation was associated with the willingness to quit smoking, low prior tobacco consumption, and agreement on the tobacco price increase. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the recent anti-smoking policies provided an opportunity to quit smoking. The results of this study can be used to establish evidence for further anti-smoking policies.