• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 1999

Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) is an isometric plant virus with functionally divided genomic RNAs and a broad host range. RNA 1 and RNA 2 each encode one protein, both of which are essential for replication. RNA 3 encodes the viral coat protein and an additional protein thought to be involved in potentiating the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. Functions of the RNAs have been confirmed using a pseudorecombinant virus constructed with infectious cDNA-derived transcripts of the RNAs. Generally, CMV produces different symptoms in various host plants depending on the virus strains. In this mini-review, we describe the potential role of the genes associated with symptom expression of CMV RNAs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2007

Two isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) originated from lily plants, named Ly2-CMV and Ly8-CMV, were compared with their pathological features in several host plants. Ly2-CMV and Ly8-CMV could induce systemic mosaic symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana, but Ly2-CMV could not systemically infect tomato and cucumber plants that have been used for CMV-propagative hosts. While Fny-CMV used as a control infected systemically the same host plants, producing typical CMV symptoms. Ly8-CMV could infect systemically two species of tobacco (N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc and N. glutinosa) and zucchini squash (Curcubita pepo), but Ly2 failed systemic infection on these plants. As resulted from tissue-print immunoblot assay, different kinetics of systemic movement between Ly2-CMV and Ly8-CMV were crucial for systemic infection in tobacco (cv. Xanthi-nc). Sequence analysis of full-length genome of two lily isolates showed Ly2 and Ly8 belonged to subgroup IA of CMV. The lily isolates shared overall 98 % sequence identity in their genomes. Coat protein, 3a protein, and 2b protein involved in virus movement was highly conserved in genomes of the isolates Ly2 and Ly8. Although there is the low frequency of recombinants and reassortants in natural CMV population, phylogenetic analysis of each viral protein among a number of CMV isolates suggested that genetic variation in a defined population of CMV lily isolates was stochastically produced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2009

전형적인 모자이크 증상의 표주박(Lagenaria leucantha var. gourda)으로부터 CMV를 분리하고 Lag-CMV로 명명하였다. 표주박에서 분리한 Lag-CMV는 N. benthamiana에서 전신감염되어 전형적인 모자이크 증상을 나타내 대조로 공시한 CMV들과 유사하였다. 그러나 N. tabacum. cv. Xanthi nc에서 접종엽에 퇴록반점이 형성되는 점이 As-CMV와 유사하였으며, 접종엽에 무병징을 나타낸 Fny-CMV와 구분되었다. 또한 Fny-CMV에 감염된 오이와 쥬키니 호박은 매우 심한 모자이크 증상을 나타낸 반면, Lag-CMV와 As-CMV에 감염된 식물은 비교적 엷은 모자이크 병징이 발현되었다. 고추에서는 Fny-CMV와 As-CMV가 접종상엽에 모자이크 증상이 발현되으나, Lag-CMV는 무병징으로 감염되었다. Lag-CMV에 감염된 N. benthamiana로부터 추출한 dsRNA의 전기영동 패턴은 대조의 Fny-CMV나 As-CMV의 dsRNA와 종류 및 분자 크기에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Lag-CMV에 감염된 N. benthamiana로부터 추출한 total RNA를 외피단백질 유전자와 IR 및 3' 비번역영역 일부를 포함하는 약 950 bp의 cDNA합성을 위한 프라이머를 이용하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 약 950 bp의 cDNA가 검출되었다. 이 cDNA를 제한효소 EcoRI, HindIII, MspI, SalI 및 XhoI으로 처리한 후 RFLP분석을 실시한 결과, Lag-CMV의 RFLP패턴은 As-CMV와 일치하였다. 한편 이 cDNA를 이용하여 염기서열을 분석한 결과, 염기서열의 유사도는 As-CMV와 99.1%, Fny-CMV와는 94.5%였으며, 외피단백질의 아미노산서열 유사도는 As-CMV는 100%, Fny-CMV와 97.3%를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터 표주박에서 분리한 Lag-CMV는 As-CMV와 같은 서브그룹 IB에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

Plant virus coat (CP) gene-mediated protection is one of the best known approaches to protect against virus resistant transgenic plants. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants containing the CP gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) were used for the environmental risk assessment of the living modified (LM) plants with plant virus resistance. The most optimal co-infection method of both ZGMMV and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on Non-LM and CP-expressing LM tobacco plants was established and co-infection of CMV and ZGMMV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To address the effects of LM tobacco plants on the mutation of the virus, in-vitro transcripts of CP and Replicase (Rep) derived from CMV and/or ZGMMV were inoculated onto Non-LM or LM tobacco plants. Mutation frequency of CP and Rep from CMV and ZGMMV was examined through six serial passages in Non-LM and LM tobacco plants. Little actual frequency of mutation was estimated, probably due to the limited number of transgenic plants tested in this study. However, it does not suggest environmental safety of these CP-mediated LM plants. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the CP-expressing LM plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2003

This study examined the existence of genetically diverse population of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), known as quasispecies, from lily, Nicotiana benthamiana and from purified virions. Based on the conserved sequences of CMV lily isolates in intergenic region (IR) on RNA3, the genetic variation of IR from three different sources was investigated by a specific restriction endonuclease hydrolysis of amplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products using virus-specific primers, and was compared with IR sequences. The IR nucleotide sequences of CMV lily isolates were highly conserved, however, quasispecies was detected from all three sources in low level, containing sub-populations of RNA3. These subpopulations of RNA3 were inoculated onto zucchini squash by in vitro transcripts from corresponding full-length cDNA clones together with Eny RNA1 and 2 transcripts. The systemic symptom of zucchini plants infected by these quasispecies was chlorotic spotting, which was milder than severe mosaic and stunt symptom caused by Eny-CMV. The severity of symptom was correlated with RNA accumulation of viruses. These results suggest that the genome of CMV lily isolates consists of quasispecies populations.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2002

An isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), PaFMl-CMV causing malformation on the fruit of paprika (Capsicum annuum var, grossum) was characterized based on biological reactions, serological relationships, and partial nucleotide sequence analyses. PaFMl-CMV was distinguishable from other isolates of CMYI Mf-(subgroup I) and LS-CMV (subgroup II), in terms of its reactions to some host plants. Polyclonal antibody against PaFMl-CMV showed homologous antigenic relationship with LS-CMV, however, the antibody formed a spur between PaFMl- and Mf-CMV, In the comparison of molecular size of dsRNAs of PaFMl-CMV with Mf- and LS-CMV, PaFMl-CMV had a slightly smaller RNAl and larger RNA2, RNA3, and RNA4. When the CDNA product of PaFMl-CMV coat protein (CP) gene was digested with some restriction enzymes, the fragment pattern was identical with that of LS-CMV The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of PaFMl-CMV CP gene were 99.5% and 98.6% identical with LS-CMV respectively. The data indicate that PaFMl-CMV belongs to subgroup II of CMV, which is the first report in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2014

Recently, a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, named as CMV-209, was isolated from Glycine soja. In this study, symptom expression of CMV-209 was analyzed in detail in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing with that of CMV-Fny, which is a representative strain of CMV. Using infectious cDNA clones of CMV strains 209 and Fny, symptom expression of various pseudorecombinants between these two strains were examined in the early and late infection stages. In the early infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing Fny-RNA2 induced stunting and leaf distortion on the newly emerged leaves whereas the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA2 caused no obvious symptoms. In the late infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA1 and Fny-RNA2 induced severe leaf distortion and stunting, while CMV-209 induced mild symptom and CMV-Fny caused typical mosaic, general stunting, and leaf distortion symptoms, indicating that RNA 2 encodes a symptom determinant(s) of CMV, which is capable of enhancing symptoms. Furthermore, our results support the possibility that natural recombination between compatible viruses can result in emergence of novel viruses causing severe damages in crop fields.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2021

The transcription factor SHE1 was identified as an interacting partner with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 1a protein in the yeast two-hybrid system, by a pull-down assay, and via bimolecular fluorescent complementation. Using fluorescent-tagged proteins and confocal microscopy, the CMV 1a protein itself was found distributed predominantly between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane, although it was also found in speckles in the cytoplasm. The SHE1 protein was localized in the nucleus, but in the presence of the CMV 1a protein was partitioned between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane. SHE1 expression was induced by infection of tobacco with four tested viruses: CMV, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X and potato virus Y. Transgenic tobacco expressing the CMV 1a protein showed constitutive expression of SHE1, indicating that the CMV 1a protein may be responsible for its induction. However, previously, such plants also were shown to have less resistance to local and systemic movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing the green fluorescent protein, suggesting that the CMV 1a protein may act to prevent the function of the SHE1 protein. SHE1 is a member of the AP2/ERF class of transcription factors and is conserved in sequence in several Nicotiana species, although two clades of SHE1 could be discerned, including both different Nicotiana species and cultivars of tobacco, varying by the presence of particular insertions or deletions.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.145-149
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• 1986

Tomato aspermy virus(TAV-B)는 두 개의 다른 CMV균주 D 및 K에서 분리한 satellite RNA의 증식 및 encapsidation에 대하여 helper virus의 역할을 하였다. 이 두 satellite RNA는 역시 ??? system에서 보이는 바와 같이 TAV가 감염된 담배에서 TAV 병징을 크게 감소시켰으며, 이는 감염된 식물내의 Virus 함량의 감소와 관계가 있었다. 또한 CMV가 감염된 토마토에서 lethal necrosis를 유발시킴을 볼 수 있었다.