• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2023

As the IoT market continues to grow, security threats to IoT devices with limited resources are also increasing. However, the application of security technology to the existing system to IoT devices with limited resources is impossible due to the inherent characteristics of IoT devices. Various methods for solving related problems have been studied in existing studies to solve this problem. Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of domestic IoT authentication standards and existing research to propose an algorithm that applies blockchain-based authentication and lightweight encryption algorithms to IoT equipment with limited resources. In this study, a key generation method was applied using a Lamport hash-chain and data integrity between IoT devices were provided using a Merkle Tree, and an LEA encryption algorithm was applied using confidentiality in data communication. In the experiment, it was verified that the efficiency is high when the LEA encryption algorithm, which is a lightweight encryption algorithm, is applied to IoT devices with limited resources.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.367-390
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• 1999

The basic requirements for conducting electronic commerce include confidentiality, integrity, authentication and authorization. Cryptographic algorithms, make possible use of powerful authentication and encryption methods. Cryptographic techniques offer essential types of services for electronic commerce : authentication, non-repudiation. The oldest form of key-based cryptography is called secret-key or symmetric encryption. Public-key systems offer some advantages. The public key pair can be rapidly distributed. We don't have to send a copy of your public key to all the respondents. Fast cryptographic algorithms for generating message digests are known as one-way hash function. In order to use public-key cryptography, we need to generate a public key and a private key. We could use e-mail to send public key to all the correspondents. A better, trusted way of distributing public keys is to use a certification authority. A certification authority will accept our public key, along with some proof of identity, and serve as a repository of digital certificates. The digital certificate acts like an electronic driver's license. The Korea government is trying to set up the Public Key Infrastructure for certificate authorities. Both governments and the international business community must involve archiving keys with trusted third parties within a key management infrastructure. The archived keys would be managed, secured by governments under due process of law and strict accountability. It is important that all the nations continue efforts to develop an escrowed key in frastructure based on voluntary use and international standards and agreements.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.679-686
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• 2012

스마트그리드 시스템 보안에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 스마트그리스 시스템 내부 통신보안에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 연구중에서도 스마트그리드 키관리 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 지금까지 제안된 키관리 시스템은 스마트그리드 환경 상에서의 가용성 및 사용되는 디바이스의 정보보안에 대하여 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 AMI 환경에서 공개키 암호알고리즘과 해쉬함수를 사용하여, 사용되는 키의 수를 줄이고 디바이스의 보안성을 향상시키는 스마트그리드 환경에 적합한 키관리 메커니즘을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.319-322
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a digital authentication technique using content-based watermarking in digital images. To digest the image contents, Hopfield network is employed on the block-based edge image. The Hopfield function extracts the same tit fur similarly looking blocks so that the values are unlikely to change to the innocuous manipulations while being changed far malicious manipulations. By inputting the extracted bit sequence with secret key to the cryptographic hash function, we generate a watermark for each block by seeding a pseudo random number generator with a hash output Therefore, the proposed authentication technique can distinguish between malicious attacks and innocuous attacks. Watermark embedding is based on the block-based spread spectrum method in DCT domain and the strength of watermark is adjusted according to the local statistics of DCT coefficients in a zig-zag scan line in AC subband. The numerical experiments show that the proposed technique is very efficient in the performance of robust authentication.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

모바일 기기의 성능 향상과 모바일 인터넷 서비스의 성장으로 모바일 쿠폰 시장은 사용자들에게 중요한 시장으로 자리잡고 있다. 모바일 쿠폰은 사용자에게 이동성을 제공해주고 발급자에게 발급의 편리성도 제공해줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 해쉬 함수와 XOR 연산과 같이 간단한 암호학적인 기법을 적용하여 모바일에서 효율적으로 수행할 수 있는 모바일 쿠폰시스템에 대하여 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 사용자가 모바일 쿠폰의 횟수를 선택하고 발급자는 이중 사용을 방지할 수 있다. 사용자는 모바일 기기에서 프로토콜 수행시 지수연산과 암호화 또는 복호화연산과 같은 복잡한 연산을 수행하지 않아도 된다. 제안한 스킴은 payword의 해쉬 체인을 이용하여 사용자의 이중 사용을 방지하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

해시함수는 인증, 서명, 데이터 무결성 등을 수행하기 위해 반드시 필요한 암호학적 프리미티브이다. 2005년 중국의 Wang교수에 의해 MD5와 SHA-1과 같은 구조에 대해 충돌쌍 공격이 제기됨으로써 NIST는 SHA-3 프로젝트를 진행하여 Keccak을 새로운 표준 해시함수로 선정하였다. 또한 국내의 경우 국가보안기술연구소에서는 높은 안전성과 효율성을 제공하는 해시함수 LSH를 개발했다. LSH는 초기화, 압축, 완료함수로 이루어지며 함수 내에서 mod $2^W$상에서의 덧셈, 비트단위 순환, 워드 단위 순환 및 xor연산을 수행한다. 이러한 연산은 동시에 독립적으로 수행될 수 있으며 병렬화가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 LSH를 분석하여 구조적인 측면에서 속도를 개선할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고 SIMD의 SSE와 AVX를 활용하여 LSH 함수를 병렬 구현한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.549-560
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• 2011

Vote validity proof and verification is an efficiency bottleneck and privacy drawback in homomorphic e-voting. The existing vote validity proof technique is inefficient and only achieves honest-verifier zero knowledge. In this paper, an efficient proof and verification technique is proposed to guarantee vote validity in homomorphic e-voting. The new proof technique is mainly based on hash function operations that only need a very small number of costly public key cryptographic operations. It can handle untrusted verifiers and achieve stronger zero knowledge privacy. As a result, the efficiency and privacy of homomorphic e-voting applications will be significantly improved.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.117-120
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• 2002

In this paper, we construct cryptographic accelerators using hardware Implementations of HMACS based on a hash algorithm such as MD5.It is basically a secure version of his previous algorithm, MD4 which is a little faster than MD5 The algorithm takes as Input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-blt message digest The input is processed In 512-bit blocks In this paper, new architectures, Iterative and full loop, of MD5 have been implemented using Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAS). For the full-loop design, the performance Is about 500Mbps @ 100MHz

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

본 논문은 SHA-1 암호 알고리즘의 최대 임계 지연과 유사한 연산 지연을 갖는 새로운 고속 SHA-1 파이프라인 구조를 제안한다. 기존 SHA-1 파이프라인 구조들은 하나의 단계연산 혹은 언폴딩된 단계연산에 기반한 파이프라인 구조를 갖는다. 파이프라인 실행에 따른 병렬 처리로 성능은 크게 향상되나, 라운드의 모든 단계연산을 언폴딩하였을 때와 비교하여 최대 임계 지연의 크기가 증가한다. 제안한 파이프라인 스테이지 회로는 라운드의 최대 임계 지연을 반복 연산 수로 나눈 만큼의 지연 시간을 갖도록 구성함으로써, 불필요한 레이턴시 증가를 방지하였다. 실험 결과, 회로크기에 따른 동작속도 비율에서 제안된 SHA-1 파이프라인 구조는 0.99 및 1.62로 기존 구조에 비해 우월함을 증명하였다. 제안된 파이프라인 구조는 반복 연산을 갖는 다양한 암호 및 신호 처리 회로에 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1180-1200
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• 2017

Currently, automated payment services provide intuitive user interfaces by adapting various wireless communication devices with mobile services. For example, companies like Samsung, Google, and Apple have selected the NFC payment method to service payments of existing credit cards. An electronic payment standard has been released for NFC activation within Korea and will strengthen the safety of payment service communications. However, there are various security risks regarding the NFC-based electronic payment method. In particular, the NFC payment service using the recently released lightweight devices cannot provide the cryptographic strength that is supported by many financial transaction services. This is largely due to its computational complexity and large storage resource requirements. The chaotic map introduced in this study can generate a highly complicated code as it is sensitive to the initial conditions. As the lightweight study using the chaotic map has been actively carried out in recent years, associated authentication techniques of the lightweight environment have been released. If applied with a chaotic map, a high level of cryptographic strength can be achieved that can provide more functions than simple XOR operations or HASH functions. Further, this technique can be used by financial transaction services. This study proposes a mutual authentication technique for NFC-PCM to support an NFC payment service environment based on the chaotic map.