• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2018

Recently matured silkworm powder was developed by RDA. In this study, the effect of pulverizing method on the particle size of matured silkworm powder was examined. FESEM was performed to observe the morphology and to measure the particle size of silkworm powder. Particle morphology of air-jet mill pulverized powder was round and smooth, however, those of roller-mill and hammer-mill pulverized mature silkworm was more harsh and square. Particle size was varied with pulverizing technique as follows; $1.1{\mu}m$ (air-jet mill), $10{\mu}m$ (roller mill), and $120{\mu}m$ (hammer mill), respectively. A proximate analysis results of air-jet mill powder showed that crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, and ash was 73%, 12%, 1.95%, and 3.4%, respectively. According to our results, air-jet mell technique might be used to make a tiny matured silkworm powder.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, fatty acid composition in Cheonggak (Codium fragile) in order to encourage the consumption of Cheonggak. The proximate composition of Cheonggak was found to be 5.51% moisture, 24.09% crude ash, 15.79% crude protein, 2.47% crude lipid and 45.31% dietary fiber. The major mineral content of Cheonggak was Na 8,950 mg/100 g, Mg 1,252 mg/100 g, Ca 807 mg/100 g, K 457 mg/100 g, and trace mineral content was Fe 26 mg/100 g, Mn 8 mg/100 g, Zn 0.4 mg/100 g. Palmitic acid 36.86% and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 20.14% were the most contained fatty acids in Cheonggak. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was 85.49% while ${\omega}-6$ fatty acids to ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids were 59.10%. Based on the proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, and fatty acid composition, Cheonggak was judged to be a major source of dietary fiber and Mg and Ca, and it was deemed to be helpful in promoting health, including the prevention of hyperlipidemia. Cheonggak contained valuable nutrients similar to seaweed, which is produced and consumed the most in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to include Cheonggak in the food items.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.413-420
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dry radish leaf and root on the quality of pork patties during refrigeration storage. Methods: The patties were divided into the following three groups: the control containing 0% dry radish leaf root powder, RL1 containing 0.5% dry radish leaf root powder, and RL2 and RL3 containing 1% and 2% dry radish leaf root powder, respectively. Proximate composition, pH, cooking loss, microbial analysis, lipid oxidation analysis, color, texture profile analysis and sensory test were performed. Results: Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly higher than those in other groups (p<0.05), whereas crude fat contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). Lightness was significantly lower in RL2 and RL3 than in CON (p<0.05). Cooking loss for RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those for the other groups (p<0.05). The pH, thiobarbituric acid levels, and total plate counts of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). Hardness values of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON, whereas chewiness values were higher than those of CON (p<0.05). In addition, the juiciness of RL2 were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of the other groups. Conclusion: Dried radish leaves and roots improved the proximate composition and quality characteristics of pork patties, providing a basis to produce high-quality patties with extended expiration dates. Thus, dried radish leaves and roots are effective ingredients for health or functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.378-388
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B₃ in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.858-866
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• 2022

The present study investigated the chemical composition, and antioxidant and physiological activities of the Korean marine algae, Codium fragile. The solvent extracts from C. fragile were prepared using 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. Based on the general chemical composition, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and moisture were 74.22%, 16.73%, 0.66%, 4.39%, and 4.00%, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were the main minerals. The extraction yield range of the solvent extracts was 3.51-9.76%. The ranges of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were approximately 10.97-13.76 mg/g and 8.00-8.69 mg/g, respectively. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, reducing power and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activities were the highest in the ethanol extract, while methanol extract exhibited the strongest nitrite oxide scavenging activity. On the other hand, tyrosinase, elastase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts were higher than those of the water extract. Furthermore, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest β-secretase inhibitory activity. The results indicate that C. fragile can be used as an antioxidant and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine and vitamin E on the lipid composition of serum and liver in cholesterol-fed rats. Thirty-five male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about $120{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 5 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks. i.e. basal diet (Basal group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (Basal+Chol. group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 0.25% caffeine (CF group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 400ppm vitamin E (VE group), and basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and caffeine plus vitamin E (CF+VE group). Net weight gain was significantly depressed only by caffeine supplementation. Serum total lipid was significantly decreased in VE and CF+VE groups. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were slightly increased by caffeine supplementation, whereas triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased in CF, VE and CF+VE group. Contents of crude lipid and TG in liver were significantly reduced by supplementation of vitamin E. No differences in liver cholesterol were found among experimental groups. Histologically, Basal+Chol. group showed a spotty necrosis, including a profuse fine microvaculoar lipid accumnlation. CF group exhibited a mild inflammatory infiltration, as well as macro- and microvacuolar lipid accumulation. But those were regenerated by supplementation of vitamin E.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1983

To study the composition of silkworm pupae oil, lipid of silkworm pupae was separated into two fractions, ether extractable and 85% methanol extractable, and the lipid components of each fraction were analyzed by using silicic acid column, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Silkworm pupae contains 35.4% crude fat (dry-basis) of which consists 34.4% diethyl ether-extract and 0.9% of 85% methanolextract. The diethyl ether-extract contained 96.1% of neutral lipid, 2.9% of glycolipid and 1.0% of phospholipid while methanol-extract was consisted of 47.4% of neutral lipid, 14.6% of glycolipid and 38.1% of phospholipid. The major components of phospholipid were phosphatidyl glycol(41.0%), and phosphatidyl choline(28.2%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(21.2%) in the diethyl ether-extract and phosphatidyl glycol(48.4%), phosphatidyl inositol(22.8%) and phosphatidyl choline(17.9%) in the methanol-extract. The major fatty acids of the total lipid were oleic acid(33.5%), linolenic acid(31.0%) and palmitic acid(23.1%).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.276-284
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether a dietary vitamin E (VE) supplement could alleviate any detrimental effects of aged corn on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in laying hens. Methods: The experiment consisted of a 2×3 factorial design with two corn types (normal corn and aged corn (stored for 4 yr) and three concentrations of VE (0, 20, and 100 IU/kg). A total of 216 Lohmann laying hens (50 wk of age) were randomly allocated into six treatment diets for 12 wk. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 6 hens per replicate. Results: The results show that aged corn significantly decreased the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), and reduced chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) mRNA expression (p<0.05) in the liver compared to controls. Diet with VE did not alter the content of crude fat and cholesterol (p>0.05), or acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase or CMKLR1 mRNA expression (p>0.05) in the liver among treatment groups. Aged corn significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p<0.05) in the liver. The VE increased the content of MDA (p<0.05) but decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum (p<0.01) and in the ovaries (p<0.05). Adding VE at 20 and 100 IU/kg significantly increased GSH-Px activity (p<0.05) in liver and in serum (p<0.01), 100 IU/kg VE significantly increased SOD activity (p<0.05) in serum. Aged corn had no significant effects on GSH-Px mRNA or SOD mRNA expression (p<0.01) in the liver and ovaries. Addition of 100 IU/kg VE could significantly increase SOD mRNA expression (p<0.01) in the liver and ovary. Conclusion: Aged corn affected lipid metabolism and decreased the antioxidant function of laying hens. Dietary VE supplementation was unable to counteract the negative effects of aged corn on lipid metabolism. However, addition of 100 IU/kg VE prevented aged corninduced lipid peroxidation in the organs of laying hens.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Growth tests on the Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars of Pyropia dentata were performed at the Eoran and Imha aquafarm, Haenam in Jeollanamdo, from October to December in 2017. The mean water temperature ranged from 5.4 to 26.4 ℃. In Eoran aquafarm (flating raft method), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 0.091 to 0.181 mg/L, 0.007 to 0.019 mg/L, 0.114 to 0.187 mg/L, 0.008 to 0.033 mg/L and 0.200 to1.000 mg/L, respectively. In Imha aquafarm (fixed pold method), DTN, DTP, TN, TP and COD ranged from 0.118 to 0.276 mg/L, 0.005 to 0.024 mg/L, 0.155 to 0.305 mg/L, 0.009 to 0.042 mg/L and 0.300 to1.400 mg/L, respectively. In order to investigate the number of conchospores attached on the Pyropia net, which was cut into about 4cm long. The mean number of conchospores of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 39.5, 26.5, 72.5, respectively. Young thalli were harvested two times at Eoran aquafarm, and three times at Imha aquafarm. In eoran aquafarm, the mean thallus length of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 49.9, 46.0, 42.0 cm on October and 163, 126.0, 263.0 cm on November, respectively. The mean thallus width of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 5.8, 4.6, 11.5 cm on October and 20.9, 11.5, 14.0 cm on November, respectively. In Imha aquafarm, the mean thallus length of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 119.0, 60.9, 71.0 cm on October, 196.0, 132.0, 262.0 cm on November and 187.0, 281.0, 296.0 cm on December, respectively. The mean thallus width of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 4.2, 3.4, 3.1 cm on October, 8.9, 6.2, 6.6 cm on November and 11.7, 11.6, 9.4 cm on December, respectively. In eoran aquafarm, contents of moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein and carbohydrate of three cultivars ranged from 11.64 to 20.15, 19.54 to 21.19, 0.00 to 0.18, 29.78 to 37.81, 29.16 to 29.71, respectively. In Imha aquafarm, contents of moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein and carbohydrate of three cultivars ranged from 8.43 to 9.15, 11.42 to 17.49, 0.00 to 0.00, 31.90 to 37.54, 36.30 to 42.24, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.824-830
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary processed sulfur supplementation on water-holding capacity, color, and lipid profiles of pork according to the level of dietary processed sulfur (0%, CON; 0.3%, S). The pigs were slaughtered at an average final weight of 120 kg, and the longissimus dorsi muscles were collected from the carcasses. As results, pork processed with sulfur had significantly higher moisture and ash contents compared to those of CON but lower crude fat, pH, expressible drip, lower redness and yellowness, and greater lightness. Pork processed with sulfur showed significantly lower total lipid content, triglycerides, and atherosclerosis index but significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Feeding processed sulfur significantly lowered myristic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and stearic acid contents, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acids were significantly higher compared to those in the CON. Higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids were observed in the pork processed with sulfur than that of the CON. Therefore, supplementing pigs with dietary sulfur improved nutrient and meat quality.