• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.774-783
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality characteristics of boiled pork with different amounts (0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2%) of green tea, oolong tea and black tea extracts. Characteristics measured included approximate composition, water holding capacity (WHC), hardness, pH, Hunter's color value, total aerobic bacterial counts, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory qualities. Green tea approximately contained 3.4%, 31.8%, 5.5%, and 57.7% of moisture, crude protein, crude ash, and carbohydrate, respectively. There were no significant differences with the type of tea. However, the crude fat content of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were 1.6%, 1.0%, and 0.9%, respectively. Green tea had the highest content of crude fat (p<0.05). Boiled pork approximately contained 55.1%, 38.6%, 5.2% and 0.9% moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash, respectively. The WHC of boiled pork, with tea extract added, significantly increased and there were no significant differences according to the type of tea. The hardness of boiled pork significantly increased as the amount of tea extract added increased (p<0.05). The pH of the boiled pork was not significantly different after storage for one day, but significantly decreased in control groups and boiled pork with 0.5% of any tea extract added during storage. However, in boiled pork with 1%, 1.5%, or 2% of any tea extract added, pH was not significantly different during storage. The Hunter's L and b values decreased in all boiled pork. The Hunter's a-values also decreased in boiled pork with green and black tea extract added, but increased in boiled pork with oolong tea extract added. In boiled pork with tea extract added, total aerobic bacterial counts significantly decreased as the amount of tea extract added increased during storage (p<0.05). The VBN values significantly increased during storage in all groups. TBARS values were significantly lower in boiled pork with green tea extract added, oolong tea added (at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, or 2%), and black tea extract added compared to control groups on the first day. The sensory evaluation results showed that the color, flavor, and overall acceptance of boiled pork containing 1% of oolong or black tea extracts had the highest scores but there were no significant differences. However, taste scores were significantly different (p<0.05). These results indicate that boiled pork has improved quality characteristics with 1% of oolong or black tea extracts added.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 1998

The nutritional quality and physiological activity of cultivated hoelen from 13 months to 24 months were examined to compare with natural hoelen. General compositions of hoelen were as follows re spectively; crude protein 1.80~2.50%, crude fat 0.68~1.23%, crude ash 0.12~0.43%, crude fiber 6.30~7.14%, nitrogen free extract 89.25~90.44%. The major free sugar was glucose, and the content of 13 months cultivated hoelen was higher than any other cultivated hoelen. The major fatty acids of hoelen were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids was 62.62~77.96% and the content was higher in cultivated hoelen than in natural hoelen. The contents of amino acid were high in the order of tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, and increased as the day of cultivation became longer. The contents of mineral components were higher in the order of Ca, K, Mg and the contents of Na and Ca were higher in natural hoelen than in cultivated hoelen. The contents of pachymic acid and dehydropachymic acid was similar in the natural and cultivated hoelen. On the results of antimicrobial test the ethanol extract showed a stronger effect than water extract, and had an excellent antimicrobial activity on Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The ethanol extract of hoelen showed comparatively strong electron donating ability. The ethanol extract of hoelen showed a high inhibition activity on the growth of lung cancer, ovary cancer, skin cancer, central nerve cancer and rectum cancer, especially the activity of 19 months cultivated hoelen was the highest. On the above results of nutritional quality and physiological activity of hoelen, it is supposed that the picking date of cultivated hoelen was suitable over than 19 months.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2002

Growth characteristics and crude protein content of soybean sprouts cultivated with extracts of some Korean herb medicines for 4 days were investigated. Extracts of Korean herb medicines were utilized and adjusted to 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm as culturing water of soybean sprouts. Of Korean herb medicines tested, extract of Panax ginseng was most effective to increase of weight and length of soybean sprouts, followed by Glycyrrhiza glabra. Extracts of Angelica gigas and Cnidium officinale were similar with that of control group. Extract of Coptidis japonica inhibited the growth of soybean sprout. Optimal concentrations of extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Panax ginseng for growth of soybean sprout were 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Weight of soybean sprout cultivated with extract of Panax ginseng (PGE) was increased to 7.2%(wet basis) as compared with that of control group. Length of soybean sprouts cultivated with 200 ppm of PGE was accelerated to 32% and increased to 50% in soybean sprout cultivated for 3 days. Crude protein contents of soybean sprout cultivated with extract of Angelica gigas or Panax ginseng was slightly increased according to cultivation period. In Cnidium officinale group, crude protein contents was increased at a 300∼400 ppm concentration and 4 days of cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.717-720
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• 2001

Chemical compositions and physiological activities of Platycodon grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were investigated. Chemical compositions of P. grandiflorum roots grown for 24 years were moisture 82.7%, crude protein 1.6%, crude lipid 2.1% crude ash 0.7%. total sugar 6.0% total dietary fiber 2.3% crude saponin 3.4mg% and ascorbic acid 3.0 mg%. Contents of each components in 24 years old roots were higher than that in 4 years old roots and the most abundant mineral was potassium being 879.9mg/kg. Physiological activities of solvent extract from P. grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years old roots were higher than those of 4 years of old roots in the range of 10~40% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

To develop a natural antioxidant and anti-hemolytic agents, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel (crude extracts). Crude extract was extracted with ethanol. Antioxidant activity of crude extracts was evaluated by employing two different assays, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity. Also, anti-hemolytic activity of crude extract was determined using $H_2O_2$-induced hemolysis in normal rat red blood cells (RBC) or plasma. The extracts obtained from crude extract dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH-induced radicals and SOD-like activity. RBC oxidative hemolysis induced by $H_2O_2$ was significantly suppressed by the extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that crude extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and anti-hemolytic medicinal plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environments on their leaf composition during 1984 and 1985. Cured leaves cultivated in Greece had brighter and greenish color with 2-4 times higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids showing higher contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract, volatile acids and neutrals, but crude ash and pH of leaves at top stalk position were lower than in Korean cultured leaves. Xanthi-Basma showed higher contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, but lower contents of reducing sugar than KA 101. There were no difference in crude ash, petroleum ether extract contents and pH of leaves. Among stalk positions, the upper stalk leaves in Greece had higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract and volatile acids but lower contents of reducing sugar than lower ones., whereas the supper stalk leaves in Korea had much higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, pH, crude ash, but not higher contents of petroleum ether extract and volatile acid contents than lower stalk position. It suggest that in chemical criteria the better quality leaves are on the upper stalk position in Greece but not the same in Korea probably due to the rainy weather conditions during the later growth stage in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate whether Chrysanthermum zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura (C. zawadskii) extracts has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity by cigarette smoke condensates (CSC). C. zawadskii was extracted with 70% ethanol and the yield was 18.5%. We further fractioned 70% ethanol extract sequentially to diethylether, chloroform, dichloromethane, and aqueous water, and gained the yield of 17.5%, 5.6%, 5.8%, 32.8% and 35.5%, respectively. In the Ames test, there was no mutagenic effect of crude extract and its solvent fractions up to 2 mg/plate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with or without S-9 mix metabolic activations. On the contrary, the crude extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSC in the presence of S-9 mix metabolic activation. Diethyl ether layer among five solvent fractions showed the highest inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of diethyl ether fraction was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory rate was about 97.7% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate. In this study, we conclude that crude extract of C. zawadskii itself is potentially safe for mutagenicity, and the diethyl ether fraction has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of CSC.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2007

The crude extract of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea gongylodes) was prepared as a rich source of peroxidase and its enzymatic and specific activities in the presence of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer were determined. This extract was used to catalyze the oxidation of thiamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to thiochrome at pH 8.0. Thiochrome shows strong fluorescence at 436 nm with excitation at 370 nm. Based on the obtained results, a sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of thiamine. In the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear from 2 × 10-7 to 1 × 10-4 mol L-1, with a detection limit of 6.2 × 10-8 mol L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.2% for 5 × 10-6 mol L-1 thiamine. The method was successfully applied to the determination of thiamine in vitamin B1 and vitamin B complex tablets and vitamin B complex syrup.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 1996

Non-biting midges fchironomidae, Dipteral are one of the largest insect families, which are distributed worldwidely and are found in nearly all types of inland waters. They are known to be aggressive inhalant allergens which cause allergenic diseases. In this study, the crude antigens of Chironomus SavipLumn adults which are most widely distributed in Korea were extracted. and their allergens were analysed with the sera from experimentally sensitized mice. The mice were immunized with $1{\;}\mu\textrm{g}{\;}or{\;}10{\;}\mu\textrm{g}$ of the crude antigens, respectively, and the specific serum IgE levels were measured by both ELISA and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) techniques. The highest levels of both total IgE and chironomid-specific IgE were found in the mouse sera obtained after 9 weeks of the first infection with $1{\;}\mu\textrm{g}$ crude antigen. The crude antigen was separated into 16-18 protein bands on gel by SDS-PAGE. The crude extract was assessed by SDS-PAGE/immunoblot analysis. One IgE-binding band (65 kDa) was detected by developing with colorimetric substrate, and 4 IgE-binding bands (65, 52, 35 and 25 kDa) by developing with CSPD chemiluminescent substrate. The SDS-PAGE gel of the crude extract of chironomid adults was equally cut into 30 pieces and each of them was eluted to isolate proteins by molecular weight, and the allergenicity of each eluate was assessed by applying P-K test on rats. Proteins of 65, 35 and 15 KDa showed the highest P-K titer (${\times}512$) which was 16 times higher than that of the crude extract (${\times32}$). The P-K titer of 52 kDa protein was also 4 times higher ($128{\times}$) than that of the crude extract, whereas the 25 kDa protein poorly responded, which seemed not antigenic. In conclusion, the present result in mice demonstrated that adults of Chironomus fcuiplumus, a predominent species in Korea, cause allergenic diseases and the main allergens are 65, 52, 35 and 15 kDa proteins, of which 65 kDa protein seems to be a main allergen.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-102
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• 1990

Brine shrimp bioassay has been frequently utilized as a basic screening method for detecting a broad range of bioactive compounds from natural products. Each methanol, chloroform, and water extract of thirty-eight crude drugs were screened in the brine shrimp bioassay, and a number of crude drugs exhibited toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii.