• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1984

Increasing the oil volume in the oil : water mixtures using isopropyl myristate, oleic acid as oils, the solubilities of methyl, propyl and butyl parabens and the MICs (minimum hibitory concentrations) to E. coli were increased. But in liquid paraffin, the solubility was reversed. The relation between MIC and solubility of parabens had constant factor of 0.7 as saturation fraction percent. The solubility of methyl paraben was crossed over in those of propyl and butyl parabens, when the oil volume was increased. When the oil was used over the cross-over point, methyl paraven was useful to preserve the systems, and below the cross-over point the more lipophilic propyl and/or butyl parabens were effective.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.153-160
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the mutual influences between adolescents' multicultural acceptability and school adjustment. Research problems for research are as follows. First, is multicultural acceptability and school adjustment stable over time? Second, what is the longitudinal impact of school adjustment on multicultural acceptability over time? Third, what is the longitudinal impact of multicultural acceptability on school adjustment over time? The results of analyzing the research problems by applying the autoregressive cross-lagged model are as follows. First, the autoregressive model of school adjustment has a significant effect on the future time point and is stable over time. Second, the autoregressive model of multicultural acceptability have a significant effect on the future time point and is stable over time. Third, cross-lagged effect from school adjustment to multicultural acceptability has a statistically significant effect on the multicultural acceptability at a later time, and is stable over time. Fourth, cross-lagged effect from multicultural acceptability to school adjustment was not statistically significant at the time of multicultural acceptability, and there was no change with time. This study is meaningful to provide the theoretical and practical implications by verifying the influence of the three - year term data over time.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2008

Many cross-over errors due to position errors, meter errors, observation errors, sea conditions and so on occur when marine geophysical data collected by own and other agencies are merged, and these errors can create artificial anomalies which cause an improper interpretation. Many methods have been introduced to reduce cross-over errors. However, most methods are designed to compare each point or segment data to find cross-over points, and require a long processing time. Therefore, FORTRAN program (FastXcorr) is presented to fast determine cross-over points using an overlap-sector, and to adjust cross-over errors using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1350-1352
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• 1995

This paper discribed the characteristic of I-t cross-over-point between current limited-fuse and explusion fuse(Bay-O-Net Fuse) and fuse protection in pad-mounted transformer that was generated internal faults and the short circuit of secondary side(load side). In the I-t cross-over-point, current limited fuse was melted when transient recovery voltage was raised rapidly.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.517-546
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• 2014

This paper proposes a refined electro-mechanical beam formulation. Lagrange-type polynomials are used to interpolate the unknowns over the beam cross section. Three- (L3), four- (L4), and nine-point(L9) polynomials are considered which lead to linear, bi-linear, and quadratic displacement field approximations over the beam cross-section. Finite elements are obtained by employing the principle of virtual displacements in conjunction with the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The finite element matrices and vectors are expressed in terms of fundamental nuclei whose forms do not depend on the assumptions made. Additional refined beam models are implemented by introducing further discretizations, over the beam cross-section. Some assessments from bibliography have been solved in order to validate the electro-mechanical formulation. The investigations conducted show that the present formulation is able to detect the electro-mechanical interaction.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.61-64
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• 2008

The present study of these experiments are close examination of spray characteristics that are continuous liquid jet and modulated pressure pulse liquid jet. The experiments were conducted using water, over a range of cross-flow velocities from 42${\sim}$136 m/s, with injection frequencies of 35.7${\sim}$166.2 Hz. Between continuous cross-flow jet and pressure pulsed cross-flow jet for characteristics of penetration, breakup point, spray angle and macro spray shape are investigated experimentally. In cross-flow field, main parameter of liquid jet for breakup was cross-flow stream rather than pressure pulse frequency. As oscillation of the periodic pressure that could make liquid jet moved up and down, the mixing efficiency was increased. Also, a bulk of liquid jet puff was detected at upper field of liquid surface. So, this phenomenon has a good advantage of mixing spray from concentration of center area to outer area. Because of pressure pulsation frequency, an inclination of SMD for the structured layer was evanescent. Cross-sectional characteristics of SMD at downstream area were non-structured distributions. Then cross-sectional characteristics of SMD size were about same tendency over a range that is effect of spray mixing. The tendency of volume flux value for various frequency of pressure pulse was same distribution. And volume flux was decreased when the frequency of pressure pulse increase.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

Cross-over errors (XOEs) may mislead scientists when interpreting marine geophysical data. Such risk can be reduced by correcting the data proportionally between two cross-over points (XOPs). C program is presented to determine XOPs using a quick rejection test and a straddle test, and to adjust XOEs using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-293
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• 2019

Evaluating the stability of the excavation face of the cross-river shield tunnel with good accuracy is considered as a nonlinear and multivariable complex issue. Understanding the stability evaluation method of the shield tunnel excavation face is vital to operate and control the shield machine during shield tunneling. Considering the instability mechanism of the excavation face of the cross-river shield and the characteristics of this engineering, seven evaluation indexes of the stability of the excavation face were selected, i.e., the over-span ratio, buried depth of the tunnel, groundwater condition, soil permeability, internal friction angle, soil cohesion and advancing speed. The weight of each evaluation index was obtained by using the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. The evaluation model of the cross-river shield construction excavation face stability is established based on the idea point method. The feasibility of the evaluation model was verified by the engineering application in a cross-river shield tunnel project in China. Results obtained via the evaluation model are in good agreement with the actual construction situation. The proposed evaluation method is demonstrated as a promising and innovative method for the stability evaluation and safety construction of the cross-river shield tunnel engineerings.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.440-449
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the reciprocal relationship between parenting attitudes (positive and negative) and adolescent emotional problems as indicated by aggression, social withdrawal, and depression. Methods: This study analyzed longitudinal data from 2,325 parents and their children from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 at three time points over a three-year period (the first to third grade of middle school). Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling was conducted using AMOS 26.0. Results: The results indicated that both parenting attitudes and adolescents' emotional problems were relatively stable over time. In other words, the parenting attitude at a previous point affects the parenting attitude at a later point, and the emotional problem at the previous point continues to affect the emotional problem at the later point. There were no significant cross-lagged effects from both positive and negative parenting attitudes to adolescents' emotional problems. In contrast, adolescents' emotional problems at previous time points positively predicted negative parenting attitudes at later time points. In other words, if there were many emotional problems of aggression, social withdrawal, and depression in adolescents at a previous time, negative parenting attitudes such as rejection, force, and inconsistency at a later time increased. Conclusion: This study can reflect the characteristics of the development of independence in adolescence. Parents should deal with their children's emotional problems based on their understanding of the developmental characteristics of adolescence, and this study provides a strategy for parents to establish appropriate parenting attitudes for adolescents with emotional problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.191-192
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• 2005

In this study, the ultrasonic motor which has hollowed cross type stator was designed, and the elastic body of ultrasonic motor was optimized by using a finite element analysis program(ANSYS 9.0). When the length of leg(L) of the elastic body was increased and the width of piezoceramics was decreased, the resonant frequency was increased and the displacement of contact point between the rotor and the stator was increased. However, when the length of the leg was over the 1/3 point of the width of ceramics, the displacement of the contact point was decreased, because the elastic buckle was generated in the leg.