• Title/Summary/Keyword: cross elasticity

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Exploring Reliability of Oriented Strand Board's Tensile and Stiffness Strengths

  • Wang, Y.;Young, T.M.;Guess, F.M.;Leon, R.V.
    • International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.111-124
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we apply insightful statistical reliability tools to manage and seek improvements in the strengths of Oriented Strand Board (OSB). As a part of the OSB manufacturing process, the product undergoes destructive testing at various intervals to determine compliance with customers' specifications. Workers perform these tests on sampled cross sections of the OSB panel to measure the tensile strength, also called internal bond (IB), in pounds per square inches until failure. Additional stiffness strength tests include parallel and perpendicular elasticity indices (EI), which are taken from cross sectional samples of the OSB panel in the parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to the orientation of the wood strands. We explore both graphically and statistically these "pressure-to-failures" of OSB. Also, we briefly comment on reducing sources of variability in the IB and EI of OSB.

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Analytical determination of shear correction factor for Timoshenko beam model

  • Moghtaderi, Saeed H.;Faghidian, S. Ali;Shodja, Hossein M.
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.483-491
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    • 2018
  • Timoshenko beam model is widely exploited in the literature to examine the mechanical behavior of stubby beam-like components. Timoshenko beam theory is well-known to require the shear correction factor in order to recognize the nonuniform shear distribution at a section. While a variety of shear correction factors are appeared in the literature so far, there is still no consensus on the most appropriate form of the shear correction factor. The Saint-Venant's flexure problem is first revisited in the frame work of the classical theory of elasticity and a highly accurate approximate closed-form solution is presented employing the extended Kantorovich method. The resulted approximate solution for the elasticity field is then employed to introduce two shear correction factors consistent with the Cowper's and energy approaches. The mathematical form of the proposed shear correction factors are then simplified and compared with the results available in the literature over an extended range of Poisson's and aspect ratios. The proposed shear correction factors do not exhibit implausible issue of negative values and do not result in numerical instabilities too. Based on the comprehensive discussion on the shear correction factors, a piecewise definition of shear correction factor is introduced for rectangular cross-sections having excellent agreement with the numerical results in the literature for both shallow and deep cross-sections.

Effect of Knit Structure on the Hand Properties of Weft Knitted Fabrics -Focusing on Objective Hand Evaluation- (편성조직이 위편성물의 태에 미치는 영향 -싱글니트의 객관적 태평가를 중심으로-)

  • 조혜진;이원자;김영주;서정권
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.1153-1164
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to knitted nine kinds of single knit and examined mechanical properties and hand to provide the fact that knit, tuck and miss stitch applied to various structure have an effect on hand of weft knitted fabrics. It was good to use tuck stitch rather than miss stitch to increase elasticity of knitted fabrics. As tuck stitch and miss stitch were double or triple overlaps, tensile resilence(RT) decreased by increase of friction contacted among stitch. As cross tuck stitch and cross miss stitch were knitted double or triple, bending rigidity(B), hysteresis of bending moment(2HB) and shearing(G) properties increased by jamming of stitch. As tuck stitch and miss stitch were overlap, thickness increased and they became thicker than miss stitch. Also, as they became thicker by these tuck stitch and miss stitch, compressional energy(WC) increased. It appeared that coefficient of friction(MIU) of cross tuck stitch was larger than coefficient of cross miss stitch. Mean deviation of surface roughness(SMD) had a tendency to be larger as tuck stitch and miss stitch increased. As cross tuck stitch and cross miss stitch were overlaps double or triple, KOSHI and FUKURAMI increased, total hand value(TIV) and NUMERI appeared high in double cross tuck stitch and double cross miss stitch.

Comparative Study on Cross-anisotrupic Elasticity of Granular Soils Based on Lab-scale Triaxial Experiment and Discrete Element Analysis (실내 삼축시험과 개별요소법(DEM)을 이용한 사질토 직교 이방 탄성 특성의 미시역학적 비교 분석)

  • Jung, Young-Hoon;Lee, Jae-Hoon;Chung, Choong-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.23 no.8
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 2007
  • The comparative study using the lab-scale experiment and the discrete element analysis is attempted to analyze the cross-anisotropic elasticity of granular soils. The lab-scale experiment consists of the small stress-controlled triaxial cyclic tests and the bender element tests. In the discrete element analysis the simulations of lab-scale cyclic tests are conducted in the various directions. Good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation on the elastic properties in the axial and shear directions confirms the usefulness of the discrete element method. The comparative analysis of the difference in the experimental data and the simulation of radial cyclic tests shows that the discrete element method can successfully be used to check the reasonable magnitude of each measurement in the experiments.

Changes in Elasticities of Demand for Oil Products and Electricity in Korea (석유제품과 전력의 수요행태 변화에 대한 실증분석)

  • Kim, Youngduk;Park, Minsoo
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.251-279
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    • 2013
  • Prices of oil products such as gasoline and diesel are deregulated since 1997 while electricity price is still controlled by government. This difference may explain recent discrepancy in the patterns of demand for oil products and electricity - constant increase in electricity consumption and stagnant demand for oil. To verify it empirically, we estimate price and income (production) elasticity of demand across time by using a rolling regression with 10 year-window based on monthly data for 1981-2011. Estimation results show that the sensitivity to price in demand for gasoline and diesel has increased since mid-90s while the elasticity of demand for electricity has become smaller. Second, income (production) elasticities of demand have shown no significant changes for both oil products and electricity. Third, cross-price elasticity was found meaningful only for gasoline before mid 1990s and for diesel after then.

An Analysis of Clothing Consumption Expenditure Pattern in Urban Households (도시가정의 피복류 소비지출분석)

  • 김영숙
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.21-39
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    • 1989
  • This paper is to determine the clothing and footwear of urban household consumption expenditures and an analysis of historical data from relevant literature. Particularly, time-series and cross sectional analysis techniques are adopted in analysing the patterns of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures of urban households. Finally, this paper estimates consumption expenditures in the future by comparing these revealed data with the Korea and Japan. Annual Report on the family Income and Expenditure Survey and M.R.A. in S.P.S.S. were used. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of the clothing and footwear expenditure has decreased with the increase of income in urban household during 1976-1987. 2.1) Household consumption function by Income group, the Lower group is higher than the other group. 2) Household consumption function by Occupation of household head. Income elasticity estimation in administrative managerial workers is higher than the other group. 3) Household consumption function by Family size. Income elasticity estimation in 6 Persons is higher than the other group. But 4 Persons is higher in 1986. 4) Household consumption function by Age of household head. Income elasticity estimation in 50 Years and over is higher than the other group. 3. Comparison of characteristics of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures in Korea and Japan were M.R.A. Generally, the priority correlation order for Korea is Outwear, Sweaters and Shirt, Other clothing. For Japan, the order is Sweaters and Shirts, Underwear, Services.

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Synchronous Price Discovery of Cross-Listings

  • Chen, Haiqiang;Choi, Moon Sub
    • Management Science and Financial Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2014
  • Extending from Grossman and Stiglitz (1980), we provide an asset pricing model of a synchronously traded cross-listed pair under information asymmetry. Following Garbade and Silber (1983), the model further embraces multi-market price discovery in a dynamic framework. The implications are as follows: The price sensitivity of holdings is higher for informed traders than for uninformed traders; the largest cross-border price spread occurs in the absence of arbitrageurs; price discovery is more likely in markets with a larger population of informed traders; and parity convergence accelerates with a higher price elasticity of demand of arbitrageurs.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A LAMINATED COMPOSITE ELASTIC FIELD WITH ROLLER GUIDED PANEL

  • Go, Jae-Gwi;Ali, Mohamed Afsar
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2010
  • An elastic field composed of symmetric cross-ply laminated material is analyzed in roller guided panel. The plane stress elasticity problem is formulated in terms of two displacement parameters with mixed boundary conditions. The numerical solution for two displacement parameters is obtained using a finite element method considering a panel of glass/epoxy laminated composite. Some components of stress and displacement at different sections of panel are displayed. The results makes sure that the formulation developed in this study can be applied to analyze the characteristics of elastic field made of laminated composite under any boundary conditions.

Elasticity solution of multi-layered shallow cylindrical panels subjected to dynamic loading

  • Shakeri, M.;Eslami, M.R.;Alibiglu, A.
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.195-208
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    • 2002
  • Elasticity solutions to the boundary-value problems of dynamic response under transverse asymmetric load of cross-ply shallow cylindrical panels are presented. The shell panel is simply supported along all four sides and has finite length. The highly coupled partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients by means of trigonometric function expansion in the circumferential and axial directions. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved by Galerkin finite element method. Numerical examples are presented for two (0/90 deg.) and three (0/90/0 deg.) laminations under dynamic loading.

Cost Function Estimation of Regional Manufacturing Industries in Ko-rea (지역별 제조업의 비용함수 추정)

  • 김상호;손영엽
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 1995
  • Regional production structres are investigated through an estimation of three-input(labor, capital and material) translog cost function. The estimation uses the pooled data in which time series data of 1970-1990 are combined with cross-sectional data corresponding to firm sizes. The empirical finding are the following: (1) the factors are Allen substitutes each otner in general except Pusan and a couple of regionss, and (2) estimates are very small in its absolute value irrespective of the regions. The low elasticity estimates of this study implies that substitytability among the three inputs are very weak in the regional manufacturing production compared to that in the national production. Seoul-Kyungki metropolitan area produces not only the smallest elasticities but relatively stable estimates without much fluctuation between the sub-regions of the area.

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