• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

As a new paradigm in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), correlated superposition coding (CSC) has gained an attention in the literature of NOMA, in contrast to standard independent superposition coding (ISC). In the conventional 3-user CSC scheme, it has been reported that the average allocated power can be reduced, owing to an introduced correlation between transmitted signals. Thus, this paper proposes a 3-user cross CSC scheme with purely-imaginary correlation coefficients. First, we derive the achievable data rates of the proposed 3-user cross CSC scheme, for each of the three users. Then, simulations demonstrate that for the proposed 3-user cross CSC scheme, the achievable data rates of the first and second users increase greatly and slightly, respectively, whereas the achievable data rate of the third user decreases little, compared to those of the conventional 3-user CSC scheme. In addition, we also show that the sum rate of the three users of the proposed 3-user cross CSC scheme is much larger than that of the three users of the conventional 3-user CSC scheme. As a result, the proposed 3-user cross CSC scheme could be a solution to the problem of the reduction of the average allocated total power in the conventional 3-user CSC scheme toward the fifth-generation (5G) NOMA mobile networks.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.747-752
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• 2011

The position detection of overlapping area in the interframe for image stitching using auto and cross correlation function (ACCF) and compounding one image with the stitching algorithm is presented in this paper. ACCF is used by autocorrelation to the featured area to extract the filter mask in the reference (previous) image and the comparing (current) image is used by crosscorrelation. The stitching is detected by the position of high correlation, and aligns and stitches the image in shifting the current image based on the moving vector. The ACCF technique results in a few computations and simplicity because the filter mask is given by the featuring block, and the position is enabled to detect a bit movement. Input image captured from CMOS is used to be compared with the performance between the ACCF and the window correlation. The results of ACCF show that there is no seam and distortion at the joint parts in the stitched image, and the detection performance of the moving vector is improved to 12% in comparison with the window correlation method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 1996

Existing area-based stereo matching algorithms utilize a single rectangular correlation area for computing cross-correlation between corresponding points in stereo images, and compute disparity by finding the peak in the vicinity of depth discontinuity, since, because of inconstnat disparities around discontinuities, the cross-correlation becomes low in such area. Inthis paper, a new area-based matching strategy is proposed exploiting multiple directional correlation masks instead of a single one. The proposed technique computes multiple cross-covariance functions using each oriented mask. Peaks are detected from each covariance function and the disparity is computed by choosing the location with the highest covariance value. Proposed approach can also be applied to compute disparity gradients without obtaining dense depth data. A number of examples are presented using synthetic and natural stereo images.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2019

This paper presents the analysis of wind speeds data measured on top of three neighboring high-rise buildings close to a beach in Xiamen city, China, during Typhoon "Usagi" 2013. Wind tunnel simulation was carried out to validate the field measurement results. Turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, power spectrum and cross correlation of recorded wind speed were studied in details. The low frequency trend component of the typhoon speed was also discussed. The field measurement results show turbulence intensity has strong dependence to the wind speed, upwind terrain and even the relative location to the Typhoon center. The low frequency fluctuation could severely affect the characteristics of wind. Cross correlation of the measured wind speeds on different buildings also showed some dependence on the upwind terrain roughness. After typhoon made landfall, the spatial correlation of wind speeds became weak with the coherence attenuating quickly in frequency domain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2004

To investigate the in-situ REV, cross-correlations between the ablsolute value of iu/outflux in tested boreholes and fracture frequency with various window widths were calculated. The changes of vertical flow rates can be considered as iu/outflux into/out of borehole. The results of cross-correlation analysis shows that 7m can be the most appropriate width of the appliable window.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1445-1458
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• 2016

This paper derives a correlation coefficient using detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) method for 59 regional temperature series for 40 years from 1976 to 2015. The average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature series for 4 year units are analyzed; consequently, we estimated that a temperature correlation exists between the two regions during the unit period where the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.9; subsequently, we construct a network linking the two regions. Based on network theory, average path length, clustering coefficient, assortativity, and modularity were derived. As a result, it was found that the temperature network satisfies a small-worldness property and is a network having assortativity and modularity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.671-694
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• 2002

This paper presents theoretical investigation on the cross correlation between torsional vibration ($u_{\theta}$) and translation vibration ($u_x$) of asymmetrical structure under white noise excitation. The formula reveals that the cross correlation coefficient (${\rho}$) is a function of uncoupled frequency ratio (${\Omega}={\omega}_{\theta}/{\omega}_x$), eccentricity, and damping ratio (${\xi}$). Simulations involving acceleration records from fifteen different earthquakes show correlation coefficients results similar to the theoretical correlation coefficients. The uncoupled frequency ratio is the dominating parameter to ${\rho}$; generally, ${\rho}$ is positive for ${\omega}_{\theta}/{\omega}_x$ > 1.0, negative for ${\omega}_{\theta}/{\omega}_x$ < 1.0, and close to zero for ${\omega}_{\theta}/{\omega}_x$ = 1.0. When the eccentricity or damping ratio increases, ${\rho}$ increases moderately for small ${\Omega}$ (< 1.0) only. The relation among $u_x$, $u_{\theta}$ and corner displacement are best presented by ${\rho}$; a simple way to hand-calculate the theoretical dynamic corner displacements from $u_x$, $u_{\theta}$ and ${\rho}$ is proposed as an alternative to dynamic analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1471-1477
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• 2006

Electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded in one young adult suffering from medically refractory partial seizures a few weeks before resection. ECoG of intractable focal epilepsy was analyzed usins AR model, wavelet analysis and cross-correlation analysis. The cross-correlation of the epileptic discharges was calculated between the electrodes in every unit of time, to get the phase shift. A contour map of the phase shift and the sequential two-dimensional phase shift maps were utilized to localize the epileptic foci and to study their propagation process. More than two epileptogenic foci were localized and two kinds of propagating process were shown. These investigations suggest that epileptic phenomena can be caused by at least two kinds of mechanisms in one patient.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.519-528
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• 2016

In order to achieve fast computational speed with good visual quality of output video, we propose a frequency domain based new fractal video compression scheme. Normalized cross correlation is used to find the structural self similar domain block for the input range block. To increase the searching speed, cross correlation is implemented in the frequency domain using FFT with one computational operation for all the domain blocks instead of individual block wise calculations. The encoding time is further minimized by applying rotation and reflection DFT properties to the IFFT of zero padded range blocks. The energy of overlap small size domain blocks is pre-computed for the entire reference frame and retaining the energies of the overlapped search window portion of previous adjacent block. Quadtree decompositions are obtained by using domain block motion compensated prediction error as a threshold to control the further partitions of the block. It provides a better level of adaption to the scene contents than fixed block size approach. The result shows that, on average, the proposed method can raise the encoding speed by 48.8 % and 90 % higher than NHEXS and CPM/NCIM algorithms respectively. The compression ratio and PSNR of the proposed method is increased by 15.41 and 0.89 dB higher than that of NHEXS on average. For low bit rate videos, the proposed algorithm achieve the high compression ratio above 120 with more than 31 dB PSNR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

Uncertainty introduced by a cross-correlation algorithm based on FFT has been investigated using PIV standard images. The standard images were generated by the Monte Carlo simulation method. Both bias and random errors from the velocity vector have been analyzed with regard to the particle diameter, displacement, and the number of particles. The uncertainty of velocity is evaluated based upon the IS0/IEC standard. As a result, a total error of $0.26\%$ is included in the PIV cross-correlation algorithm. In addition, the uncertainty budget is presented, where the effect of the above three variables is examined. According to the budget, the variation of the number of particles within the interrogation window mainly contributes to the combined standard uncertainty of the real measured velocity field when excluding the effect of errors by the experiments itself. Finally, the expanded uncertainty is found to be about $12\%$ at the $95\%$ confidence level.