• 사회경제평론
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• no.38
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• pp.199-240
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• 2012

According to the Post Keynesian endogenous money theory, money is created by the bank deposit which is dependent on the banks' supply of loan. And the demand for loans is dependent on investment by firms. In the money creating process, real value(or investment) and money are connected with banks' credit. In this paper, we investigated Keynes and Post Keynesian endogenous money theory with critical reviews of Hwang (2005). We came to three conclusions. First, Post Keynesian endogenous money theory is based on Keynes' theory. Second, Keynes' endogeneity of money is essentially different from that of Wicksellian. Third, focusing on the differences of the starting point of the arguments not on the conclusions, two Post Keynesian views, namely horizontalists and structuralists are compatible with liquidity preference theory in the Keynes' system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on Bangladesh's economy by affecting millions of people's life and hampering their income sources. The outbreak of COVID-19 has created more pressure on the labor market. The pandemic reduces employment opportunities as most of the companies have stopped their recruitment process to cut their operational costs, which increases the rate of graduate unemployment in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on graduate employability in Bangladesh that adversely affects the income of families and eventually the nation's economy. A literature review has been conducted from secondary sources to evaluate the impact, which shows that the rate of graduate unemployment increased from 47% to 58% in 2020 with an expected annual loss estimated at $53 million. Findings also reveal that the prime reasons for graduate employability are low demand and huge supply of graduates in the labor market, lack of professional skills of graduates, ineffective education system, etc. The study suggests that the government of Bangladesh should develop some policies to overcome this problem such as ensuring employment subsidies, implementing skills development programs, improving labor market flexibility, initiating credit programs for generating employment, and developing entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

It is our imminent project that we should train young and able manpower to strengthen the international competitiveness under the free trade of agricultural products, to solve the problem of decrease in farm population and of aging people in agriculture. The objective of this research is to suggest an alternative policy plan through the survey and analysis on the controversial issues in loans for starting agricultural business based on the survey of graduates of Korea National Agricultural College from 2002 to 2005. According to the survey, in case of graduates who are not available sufficient fanning capital such as land and agricultural facilities on it, they are not able to get loans from banks in that situation. The survey, as a result, points out that those who are legally required to do farming should be given several special aids by the government such as the improvement of Credit Guarantee Fund System for Farmers and Fishermen and the farming loans conditions for initial farm business, a long term lease of public land, giving a priority in lease-farmland project of farmland bank and allowing loan for working capital for farm management.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.357-379
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• 2013

Recently, the government was introduced as currency for earning of raw materials purchasing system for electronic Government management of foreign trade in 2011, and revised regulations for electronic proof of purchase. In addition, the currency for earning of raw materials, such as procurement system in 2012, followed by electronic proof of purchase local letter of credit. The government electronic trading will be promoting local trading of electronic procedures. This study will be a preceding research on the goods control system for acquiring foreign currency and the obligation of using digitalized approval of purchase due to the revision of foreign trade law. Also, it will conduct theoretical and legal research regarding the obligation of digital establishment of the local L/C which is a result of amendments to the rules of operation for the Bank of Korea's trade finance. Further, it will analyze the legal and operational problems and its response plans for the establishment of the local trade integrated management system which promotes the digitalization of the local trade process.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.6
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• pp.675-682
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• 2004

With the five-day workweek system in bank and the increased usage of ATM(Automatic Toller Machine), it is required that the financial crime using stolen credit card should be prevented. Though a CCTV camera is usually installed in near ATM, an intelligent criminal can cheat it disguising himself with sunglass or mask. In this paper, we propose facial feature verification system which can detect whether the user's face can be Identified or not, using image processing algorithm and SVM(Support Vector Machine). Experimental results show that FAR(Error Rate for accepting a disguised man as a non-disguised one) is 1% and FRR(Error Rate for rejecting a normal/non-disguised man as a disguised one) is 2% for training data. In addition, it shows the FAR of 2.5% and the FRR of 1.43% for test data.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.147-178
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• 2023

While most of countries today are opposing the issuance of private-led cryptocurrency, nevertheless they are actively jumping into the issuance of government-led digital currency such as CBDC. This article aims to find an answer to this dual attitude of countries. To achieve the purpose, this article finds out the characteristics of political power and economic interest that digital currency has and applies it to the international dimension of the Bretton Woods II System. Then come up to the conclusion that the answer can be found in the fact that the current dual attitude of countries is closely related to the crisis of the international monetary order. The Bretton Woods II System, which led the world economy through reckless monetary expansion based on credit currency, exposed its limitations through the 2008 global financial crisis and put countries into difficulties. In this situation, the cryptocurrency, which appeared by raising the issue of the monopoly power of the central authority in issuing currency, had no choice but to act as an opportunity to drive countries further and further into a corner. This article views CBDC as a national response to address these issues. In other words, countries maintain their monetary power by absorbing the challenge of private digital currency at the government level through CBDC, and use this as a stepping stone to reorganize the international monetary order in crisis with the intention to use it as a means to their advantage. That is what this article is trying to argue.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.620-639
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• 2005

In terms of loan transactions, mortgage volume secured by housing in Korea is the most important market share. Hitherto housing finance policies are treated as a kind of property pricing policy. So it is time to import financial systems on behalf of the mortgage loan consumers like a mortgage broker. A mortgage broker is an intermediary that brings a borrower and a creditor together to obtain a mortgage loan. The broker takes the application, performs a financial and credit evaluation, produces documents, and closes the loan. Especially mortgage brokers present themselves as specifically acting in the interest of the consumer by shopping on behalf of the consumer for the best product that meets the consumer's needs and financial circumstances. The paper investigates the economic role of mortgage broker, foreign systems focused on USA, UK, Japan, and characteristics of Korean housing finance markets. Finally the paper provides policy recommendations about Korean mortgage broker system composed of licensing type, uniform professional practice standard, educational requirements.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.22-44
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• 2015

With the growing interest being reflected in the FinTech industry, much attention has been paid to mobile easy payment services as well. In the era of mobile commerce, the core advantage of using mobile easy payment services(simplifying complex payment procedures and thus facilitating user convenience and reducing the chance of giving up payment) are being more emphasized. Mobile easy payment service market not only includes mobile easy payment service providers but also users, non-users, affiliates, banks, and credit card companies as main stakeholders. Exploring those stakeholders is thus important to thoroughly understand such market. However, extant literature on mobile easy payment services mostly focuses on examining adoption intention of users or non-users. This study, an exploratory research based on interviews, thus aims to extract driving as well as inhibiting factors of mobile easy payment service use from six different perspectives (i.e., social platform, bank, credit card company, affiliate, user, and non-user) and analyze a sequence of cause and effect for each factor. For this, the causal loop diagram was developed to deduce key issues and propose an alternative. Theoretical and practical implications of this study will also be discussed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.222-235
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• 2008

The study analyzed 343 government-authorized and officially approved textbooks of the Seventh Curriculum's specialized subjects in high school from March to September, 2007. The textbooks were categorized into the area of agriculture, industry, commerce, household and business, science, foreign languages and physical exercise and analyzed in terms of the target and content areas of marine education. And the findings were as follows: First, among the textbooks in the seven groups serving as the focus of this study, 19.8% have oceanic-related information but pages including ocean contents occupy only 0.8%. Consequently ocean-related contents are scarcely included. The ocean-related contents are necessary to be treated goals. Second, the goals of school oceanic education are focused in vocational subjects. In order of commonality, information & knowledge are most frequent, then functionality, followed by activity & participation. There was no education provided focusing on value & attitude. Given that school oceanic educations were selected for promoting the importance of the ocean and highlighting the problems of the ocean, the lack of information & knowledge is of concern. The goals of oceanic education should be augmented to actively and positively participate in the solutions of the problems with knowledge, ocean-friendly value & attitude, and increased activity & participation. Third, the contents of school oceanic education commonly focuses on the relationships of oceans and humans, oceans and ecology, and artificial oceanic environments and facilities. Less common but still introduced are ocean resources, sea pollution, sea preservation and measures. Yet, in contrast there is a lack of education in the ethics of sea preservation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to pursue an efficient operating plan by surveying the cognition and demand level for major deepening course. Methods : Questionnaire survey was carried out targeting 135 dental hygienists who work in Cheonan and neighboring region. The collected data was performed frequency & percentage, T-test and ANOVA analysis. Results : 1. As for dental hygienists' acquiring academic degree, 77.0% of them responded to have interest. As for a desired route of acquiring academic degree, the major deepening course or Credit Bank System was the highest with 62.2%. 2. As a result of surveying cognition on major deepening course, 73.3% responded to know. A route of having come to know was the largest in senior or friend with 34.8%. Necessity of major deepening course was responded to be necessary with 89.7%. 89.1% of them clarified to have intention of acquiring. 3. The curricular subject, which is desired to be learnt for a plan of operating major deepening course, was the highest in the major field with 63.0%. 4. As a result of comparing an interest, necessity, and intention of acquisition on major deepening course depending on general characteristics, the statistically significant difference wasn't shown. Conclusions : These results suggest that major deepening of course through active public should be aware that many dental hygienists will be subject to a variety of programs and development of clinical course and a practical hands-on education is expected to be strengthened.