• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.49-69
• /
• 2014

The theory of creative city can be seen as one that reflects a relationship between recent change of economic environment and socio-spatial reconstruction in the so-called 'cultural turn' to deindustrialization. This paper considers approaching methods to knowledge-based economy or cultural economy as a context of development of theory of creative city, and suggests types of conceptualization of creative city. Then it reviews creative perspectives which can be found in recent domestic and oversea research trends on creative city, especially relating its nature with neoliberalism. Finally this paper discusses critically the concept of creative class as a social constitution of creativity or creative economy, and that of creative city as its spatial constitution. The concept of creative class can be criticized in terms of ambiguity of the concept of class, class-biased and economy-privileged idea, market valorization of culture, individualization against community, normalization of flexible labor market, and uncertainty of economic success of creative city. The concept of creative city can be criticized in terms of limitation of interests to city, ignorance of national and global dimensions, decontextual normative vision, legitimation of neoliberal city, lack of proof of causality between creative class and economic success, polarization of within and between cities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2022

Korea's rapid urbanization caused problems, such as destruction of the rural environment, loss of traditional culture and dissolution of communities, as the continuous outflow of the population from rural areas, aging and consequent labor shortages and deterioration of the living environment were connected like a vicious cycle. In order to solve the problems of rural areas and overcome their vulnerabilities, the ultimate goal is to find a way to reintroduce the population to the rural areas. In order to be reborn as a space with rural characteristics and pluralistic functions and various potentials in a space under threat of underdevelopment and extinction, the pushing factor from rural areas is improved, and the population inflow factor to the rural areas is improved to enhance rural attractiveness, focusing on creativity among the 4Cs of New Ruralism: Conservation, Cultivation, Community, Creativity. A case study of 'Creative space in rural areas' was studied and considered. In-depth interviews were conducted with four key stakeholders, and the research results were analyzed focusing on the grounded theory method to draw implications from the background of Gurye Natural Dream Park, characteristics that can be viewed as creative spaces, and examples of creative space creation in rural areas. The 'Creative space in rural areas' is a space that can solve the current issues and problems of rural areas. In the case of Gurye Natural Dream Park, the young population of Gurye is increasing through job creation, provision of living and cultural service facilities, and improvement of the education and medical environment. In this study, the existing rural problem-solving process in this process was viewed as creativity in rural areas.

• Journal of Legislation Research
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.7-31
• /
• 2013

Paradigm of Global economy is changing to creative economy. This study focuses on the role of creative economy to clarify (understand clearly) the impact (influence) which transition of economy system will bring about. The creative economy is basically came from New economy theory. According to the New economy theory, a state can achieve sustainable growth without an inflation, or higher growth rate under given inflation rate, through an investment on ICT. However, different from America, Korea had limited effect of New Economy. This is because Korean economy had factor-input driven growth model rather than New Economy mechanism. However, ICT is essential requirement to move toward New Economy(Digital Economy), it does not sufficiently explain the increase of productivity and economic growth. A crucial point to realize New economy is how to diffuse and spill over the technology development on ICT sector to other industry. ICT is not creative industry or creative economy per se, and it should play as an enabler to improve other industry's productivity. The creative economy can be understood as an extension of New Economy theory. It means the economy that creates values by cultural assets and human resource, as well as capital and labor factors. However, if we understand the meaning of creative economy as change of input factors, it is hard to bring real shape of creative economy.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.89-117
• /
• 2014

Employing female in the field of science and engineering is becoming increasingly important with diversity and creativity emerging as key factors to build Creative Economy. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to recognize and discourage gender discrimination in the labor market by analyzing wages - the market value of labor which determines one's economic status. This study uses the Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition (1994) to analyze the gender wage gap and identify factors influencing the pay gap in science and engineering labor force. The results of this study are as follows: First, the average wage of female scientists and engineers reaches only 65% of that of male labor force, and the male scientist and engineers are superior in terms of personal attributes, for instance, education background. Second, looking at the factors that influence wages, wage premiums are associated with higher education background, older age, longer period of service, and weekly working hours for both male and female in managerial positions. Third, the wage decomposition shows that in the case of science and engineering labor force, the productivity difference by personal attributes reaches about 58%, and gender discrimination by the characteristics of the labor market stands at about 41%. This means the wage gap by productivity level in science and engineering labor force is wider, and the gender gap is smaller compared to non-science and engineering fields. However, the results of an analysis on specialties and education background of male and female scientists and engineers suggest that the discrimination against women is more serious when the percentage of the female labor force is low and the percentage of temporary workers in the labor market is high. In order to eliminate this discrimination, it is necessary to reduce the imbalance of female scientists and engineers in the labor market, among others, while female scientists and engineers, themselves, need to make continuous efforts to strengthen their capabilities.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 2019

This article examines technological innovation's impact on the game production field and on the developers' subjectivity and labor. It focuses on the appearance of the new stage of digitalization via mobile devices during the period when the leading sector of game industry rapidly shifted to Mobile games. Though the in-depth interview with the game developers, this article explores the changes in organizational and management approaches and in the developers' experience and perception of their labor. Given the serious shortage of the related literature, I believe this analysis could provide a new perspective in understanding the gameswork of specific time and location.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.3-4
• /
• 2003

The rapid progress of information technology makes the 3rd digital revolution after the 1st agricultural and the 2nd industrial revolution in the human history. The 1st agricultural-oriented society was based on the land and the labor, the 2nd industrial-oriented society was based on the capital and the technology 3rd knowledge-information-oriented society is where to make profit from creative brainworks and ideas based on human beings. The core of the knowledge-information-oriented society is the digital revolution from digitalizing information such as increase of the various digital contents in geometrical progression through internet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.69-69
• /
• 2003

In the late 1970s, Punk style that appeared according to the social reaction among labor class youngsters has reappeared till now, and also the emotion and mode are working on fashion greatly. In addition to that, as it pervades to young generation more freely, it's becoming a kind of origin in creative fashion. Especially, Punk style leather jacket has spread to high fashion and settled down as an essential item through popularization of leather jacket.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
• /
• no.56
• /
• pp.243-274
• /
• 2020

Maker culture in Korea began to receive public attention after the 2012 Maker Fair Seoul. Central and local governments took note of this trend and subsumed makers' culture into its policy domains such as Creative Industry, Creative Cities, 4th Industrial Revolution, and the all-encompassing Creative Economy. Creative Economy was a public policy discourse formed in the public sector for the purpose of overcoming economic depression and revitalizing the economy. Under Creative Industry and Creative Economy, creativity and culture/arts are deemed indispensable but at the same time objectified and alienated as their ultimate value are recognized only as the basis for economic production. In this article, makers' culture itself goes through the same process of objectification and alienation that creativity and culture/arts suffered as the relevant policies were pursued under Creative Economy. The authors attempted to corroborate this through the case of Makercity Sewoon, and found that the Seoul City's urban development plan surrounding Sewoon Plaza proceeded in a direction destructive to the local technological ecosystem and therefore conflicts with the pronounced goal of leading 4th Industrial Revolution by encouraging and nurturing makers' culture. Makercity Sewoon, although packaged in a discourse of Creative Economy and Creative City, betrayed the same problem of alienating arts/culture and labor that the previous discourse showed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2014

Animation in Taiwan has been profoundly influenced by the production of labor intensity for American and Japanese in the early days of its development. This phenomenon of the labor intensity reached peak in the 1980s. Information Bureau of Taiwan began to establish a system of supportive funding for its animation industry in the 1990s. During this period, the animation industry in Taiwan gave special emphasis to the theme of the local culture and to the creative works of the animation. By the 2010s, the elements of Chinese culture were introduced in the animation production in Taiwan. Through cross-national cooperation in production with other advanced countries, the Taiwan-made animation was successfully expended to the international market. However, the animation industry in Taiwan is facing the following problematical challenges: Firstly, the Taiwan government gives special attention to the financial support of animation industry rather than training university students to become professional experts in animation production. Secondly, there is no professional higher institution established to train specialized professional animation film-makers. Thirdly, Due to the lack of the cultural inspiration and the original mind, the form of its creative animated production is primarily imitated from other advanced countries. And fourthly, despite the fact that there is a cooperation and exchange programs between Taiwan and other foreign animation industries.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.597-615
• /
• 2016

Since 1997 the United Kingdom has pursued creative industry and creative city development in accordance with the New Labor Party policy, strengthening its cluster policy by assigning creative city policies to traditional manufacturing-oriented regions. Tech City in London, one of the most successful examples of digital clusters, is an area in which diverse ecosystems for venture business integration have been established, as the once barren space began to spontaneously develop. For this region, systematic linkages including universities, private companies, start-ups, and accelerators have been added, along with the UK government's active support system. As a result of this opportunity, the scale of the UK start-up ecosystem has significantly grown, the number of local companies has surged, and brand effect has greatly improved. Tech City is an example of a well-balanced combination of public effort and private governance, based on the region's historical background and its potential for growth. It is an effective coordination of public policy and private active investment, services, research, and education. The market platform for institutional technology and commercialization, and aggressive investment shares in the risk, have lead to its growth as a start-up and an innovative city. Britain's efforts to expand the nationwide cluster for the future-oriented digital economy is most noteworthy.