• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.501-525
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• 2009

Recent increase of academic interest in Born Globals has brought abundant researches, which accounts their causes and states, both in and out of the country. However, postulating that types of companies see the different perception of environment of global markets, and this difference will also bring different effects on enterprise capabilities and performance, this study implemented theoretical inquiry and evidential analysis. Technologically innovative SMEs, main subjects of this study, were categorized into Rapid Globals and Gradual Globals according to their internationalization speed, then followed by a CSA. This analysis has shown, regardless of corporate types, early perception of changes in global market environments, affects, in great amount, on marketing and R&D capabilities as well as performance. However, corporate types also showed difference in early perception of changes, marketing and R&D capabilities as well as performance. This evidential analysis provides enterprises pursuing internationalization in early stage with enforcement in their early perception of changes in global market environments.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2019

This study examined the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) with ferritin in Korean adults. This study included 4,948 adults aged ${\geq}20years$ from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A covariance test adjusted for covariates was performed for the ferritin levels in relation to the decreased eGFR (eGFR<$60ml/min/1.73m^2$) and elevated uACR ($uACR{\geq}30mg/g$). Several key findings were made in the present study. First, after adjusting for the related variables, the ferritin level was higher in the decreased eGFR group [$103.04{\pm}6.59mL/min/1.73m^2$; 95% confidence interval (CI), 90.12~115.96] than in the normal eGFR group ($84.87{\pm}1.16mL/min/1.73m^2$; 95% CI, 82.59~87.14; P=0.007). Second, after adjusting for the related variables, the ferritin level ($M{\pm}SE$) was similar in the normal uACR group ($85.70{\pm}1.20mg/g$; 95% CI, 83.35~88.05) and elevated uACR group ($82.72{\pm}4.09mg/g$; 95% CI, 74.71~90.73) (P=0.487). Chronic kidney disease was positively associated with the ferritin level in Korean adults but albuminuria was not.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.303-309
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• 2019

This study investigated convergent influence on turnover intension and its association with organizational commitment, organizational loyalty and job burnout among some Administrative Staff in Medical Institutions(ASMI). The subjects were 320 randomly selected ASMI from 27 medical institutions in the J region, Data collection was carried out via a structured self-administered questionaries from July 2, 2018 to July 27, 2018. Turnover intension was positively correlated with job burnout, and it was negatively correlated with organizational commitment and organizational loyalty. The covariance structure analysis showed that the higher job burnout, and the lower organizational commitment and organizational loyalty tend to increase turnover intention. The results indicate that the efforts, to increase organizational commitment and organizational loyalty, and to decrease job burnout, are required to decrease the turnover intention of ASMI. The results are expected to be useful for health administration policy and industrial health education to decrease the turnover intention of ASMI. In the following study, the analysis about convergent additional factors of influence on the turnover intention of ASMI will be needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.269-278
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• 2019

This study ascertained convergent influence on self-leadership and its association with self-competence, self-efficacy and locus of control among female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire from April 29, 2019 to May 10, 2019 and the target was randomly selected 201 female freshmen in health majors in TOEIC class from college located in J city. Self-leadership was positively correlated with self-competence, self-efficacy and locus of control. The covariance structure analysis showed that the higher self-competence, the higher self-efficacy and the lower locus of control tend to increase self-leadership. The results of the study indicate that the efforts, to increase self-competence and self-efficacy, to decrease locus of control, are required to improve self-leadership of female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. These results are expected to be used for educational counseling and intervention efforts to enhance self-leadership among female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. In future studies, further research on additional factors affecting self-leadership is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose health risk management using feature extraction and cluster analysis considering time flow. The proposed method proceeds in three steps. The first is the pre-processing and feature extraction step. It collects user's lifelog using a wearable device, removes incomplete data, errors, noise, and contradictory data, and processes missing values. Then, for feature extraction, important variables are selected through principal component analysis, and data similar to the relationship between the data are classified through correlation coefficient and covariance. In order to analyze the features extracted from the lifelog, dynamic clustering is performed through the K-means algorithm in consideration of the passage of time. The new data is clustered through the similarity distance measurement method based on the increment of the sum of squared errors. Next is to extract information about the cluster by considering the passage of time. Therefore, using the health decision-making system through feature clusters, risks able to managed through factors such as physical characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease status, health care event occurrence risk, and predictability. The performance evaluation compares the proposed method using Precision, Recall, and F-measure with the fuzzy and kernel-based clustering. As a result of the evaluation, the proposed method is excellently evaluated. Therefore, through the proposed method, it is possible to accurately predict and appropriately manage the user's potential health risk by using the similarity with the patient.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-204
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• 2010

This study researched relationship between R&D capability(TC), Network capability(NC), International marketing activity(IMA) and effect to performance of Korean globalizing INNOBIZs. In former research, they found out that TC, NC, IMA effect to performance directly. But they didn't focus on the relationship between the variables and Korean INNOBIZs. Recently, Global environment of competition is getting more and more complicated. So even the companies develop the excellent product, the companies can not get superior performance than competitor as long as the company combine with IMA or NC. In this study, empirical analysis performed using covariance structural analysis for Korean INNOBIZs. As we know in former research, TC and IMA have a positive effect on performance directly. But NC does not have a direct effect on performance. Also we found out TC and NC intermediated by MC have positive effect on performance. This result is theoretically and practically suggestive that using the company developed NC in International IMA effect on Performance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the convergence effect of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training on the recovery of upper limb function when applied to stroke patients. For 20 stroke patients, divided into an experimental group that performed convergence intervention with focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training, and a control group who performed only bilateral upper limb training. It was conducted 20 times for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session. Vibration stimulation was applied to the affected side of the experimental group for 30 minutes during training. Results were measured for the degree of recovery of the affected upper limb function, amount of use on the affected and unaffected sides, the quality and satisfaction in performance on use of both upper limbs. Comparisons were made within groups using a paired-sample t-test and between groups using covariance analysis. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed a significant difference in dexterity and the amount of use on the affected than the control group. The effect size was more than the small effect size in all evaluation items. Through this study, it is thought that the convergence intervention of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb trainingcan be used clinically as an effective intervention for the recovery of arm function in stroke patients.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.347-368
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was explored the effect of Flipped PBL on Communication and Problem Solving skill of University students. For study, students in the college of education at A University and S University located in Gyeonggi-do were set up 60 students. They majored in Christian education and early childhood education, and the level of education was similar in the same region and department. In the experiment, the comparison group and the experimental group were separated, and data were collected through pre-test before class and post-test after class, followed by analysis covariance(ANCOVA). Between the comparative group performing flipped learning and the experimental group performing flipped PBL, the problem solving ability and communication ability using the flipped PBL averaged 4.28 and the communication ability averaged 4.06. As a result, it was higher than each of the comparison groups, confirming that it had a significant effect. This will be able to present a flipped PBL class design as an alternative method to overcome the limitations of the existing flip learning in a changing classroom situation and to improve the communication and problem solving ability of the learner.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.463-477
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the impact of empowering leadership on intrinsic motivation, job crafting, and job performance. The role of intrinsic motivation and job crafting in the relationship between empowering leadership and job performance was verified. Covariance structure analysis was conducted to verify the research hypothesis using questionnaire data collected from SME workers in Yangsan, Ulsan, and Gyeongju. The results were as follows. First, empowering leadership has a significant influence on intrinsic motivation, job crafting. Second, empowering leadership did not have a significant influence on job performance. Third, intrinsic motivation has a significant influence on job crafting but intrinsic motivation did not have a significant influence on job performance. Fourth, job crafting has a significant influence on job performance. Finally, intrinsic motivation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between empowering leadership and job crafting. job crafting plays a full mediating role in the relationship between empowering leadership and job performance. The results of this study suggest that employees' intrinsic motivation and job crafting should be promoted through the leader's empowering leadership in order to improve job performance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU. Methods: A total of 87 Korean adolescents participated in this study. The PSU group (n=20, age=16.2±1.1, female:male=12:8) was designated if participants reported a total Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) score of ≥42, whereas the remaining participants were assigned to the control group (n=67, age=15.3±1.7, female:male=19:48). High-resolution T1 magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the volume of each of the four brainstem substructures [midbrain, pons, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)] was measured. Analysis of covariance was conducted to reveal group differences after adjusting for effects of age, gender, whole brainstem volume, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity. Results: The PSU group showed a significantly smaller volume of the SCP than the control group (F=8.273, p=0.005). The volume of the SCP and the SAPS score were negatively correlated (Pearson's r=-0.218, p=0.047). Conclusion: The present study is the first to reveal an altered volume of the brainstem substructure among adolescents with PSU. This finding suggests that the altered white matter structure in the brainstem could be one of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral changes in PSU.