• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 2021

This study examined the current status of the medical professionalism curriculum in Korea to suggest a plan to move towards the formation of a professional identity. Professionalism education data from 28 Korean medical schools were analyzed, including the number of courses, required or elective status, corresponding credits, major course contents, and teaching and evaluation methods. Considerable variation was found in the number of courses and credits in the professionalism curriculum between medical schools. The course contents were structured to expand learners' experiences, including the essence and knowledge of professionalism, understanding of oneself, social interaction with others, and the role of doctors in society and the healthcare system. The most common teaching methods were lectures and discussions, while reflective writing, coaching, feedback, and role models were used by fewer than 50% of medical schools. Written tests, assignments and reports, discussions, and presentations were frequently used as evaluation methods, but portfolio and self-evaluation rates were relatively low. White coat ceremonies were conducted in 96.2% of medical schools, and 22.2% had no code of conduct. Based on the above results, the author suggests that professional identity formation should be explicitly included in learning outcomes and educational contents, and that professional identity formation courses need to be added to each year of the program. The author also proposes the need to expand teaching methods such as reflective writing, feedback, dilemma discussion, and positive role models, to incorporate various evaluation methods such as portfolios, self-assessment, and moral reasoning, and to strengthen faculty development.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2021

This case study developed and operated "Fashion & Film" as a fashion-related liberal arts course. The class was designed to include fashion styles exhibitted in films, fashion-related PPL, fashion design through film, fashion images of movie characters, considering gender & color images expressed in movie costumes, and the history of western costumes and asian folk costumes in films. The class was counducted through various teaching methods, such as lectures, student's presentation of movie plots, and team discussions, which created a student-led class. The team presentations at the end of the term were intended to enhance the understanding of fashion through movies. The results of subjective lecture evaluation of "Fashion & Film" showed the most satisfaction with the communication with professor. Students said that it was good to understand fashion through film. They expressed a burden with the team project; however, they were satisfied with the team project outcomes. Students said that PowerPoint was used very effectively. On the other hand, there was an prevelent opinion that the content of PowerPoint and workbook did not match. To address this inconvenience, a textbook called "Fashion in Film" was published and used in the first semester of 2020. The multiple-choice evaluation showed that students were generally satisfied with the "Fashion & Film" class.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2022

Purpose: There is a strong correlation between trauma and pain. Pain increases the rate of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and even mortality in trauma patients. Methods: This institution-based, provider-blinded and patient-blinded, observational study was conducted among trauma patients treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Over the course of 3 months, this study included patients who had no prior pain management at other hospitals before presentation, and who presented within 24 hours of the traumatic event. Results: Of the 74 patients evaluated, none of the patients had their pain level scored. The researcher-provided pain scale showed a severe subjective pain score for 79.7% of the patients and a severe functional activity score for 59.5% of the patients. Analgesia was provided at an average of 55.4 minutes after presentation and all patients received either diclofenac or tramadol. Satisfactory pain reduction after analgesia was 28.8% for patients initially complaining of severe pain, 54.6% for moderate pain, and 66.7% for mild pain, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). Forty percent of patients discharged home received no analgesia after the first dose provided upon presentation. Conclusions: Pain scoring was nonexistent during the course of the study. The poor utilization rate of analgesia combination and opioids led to unsatisfactory pain outcomes in patients evaluated and followed for 24 hours after presentation.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.80-97
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 과학의 생물과 환경 단원에서 백워드 디자인의 적용 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 백워드 디자인은 학습의 결과를 먼저 명료화한 후, 이것을 토대로 수업 방법과 교수 요목을 결정하는 것이다. 이 방법은 교육 내용-평가-학습 활동 사이의 일관성을 유지할 수 있고 학생들의 진정한 이해를 도울 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구 대상은 초등학교 6학년 78명이며, 이 모델 적용에 따른 효과를 알아보기 위해 학생들이 수행한 프로젝트 자료, 과학 학습 정서 검사, 학업 성취도 검사 자료가 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23 통계 패키지로 t-test와 ANCOVA 검증이 이루어졌다. 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 백워드 디자인을 적용한 실험 집단에서 학생들이 2가지 프로젝트를 수행한 결과물을 분석한 결과 과학의 내용에 대해서는 비교적 정확하게 이해하고 있었으나 창의적인 산출물을 만들어내지는 못함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 백워드 디자인에 따라 수업을 하여도 과학 학습정서 부문의 성취가 유의미하게 향상되지는 않음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 백워드 디자인에 의해 학생들의 학업 성취도는 유의미한 향상을 보였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제67권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2009

Background: To examine the recovery rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from respiratory specimens and the clinical course of NTM pulmonary disease at a 700-bed secondary hospital. Methods: This study analyzed the results of 843 acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture-positive respiratory specimens from 650 subjects collected between May 2003 and April 2008. In addition, the clinical course of NTM pulmonary disease, diagnosed using criteria established by the American Thoracic Society, was examined. Results: There were 67 (7.9%) NTM isolates recovered from 52 (8.0%) subjects. Among the 535 AFB smear-positive specimens, 34 (6.3%) NTM isolates were recovered. There were 33 (10.7%) NTM isolates were recovered from 308 AFB smear-negative specimens. Of 52 subjects with isolated NTM, M. intracellulare was the most common species at 73.1% (n=33), followed by M. kansassi (n=7), M. abscessus (n=2), M. fortuitum (n=2), and M. avium (n=1). Sixteen (30.8%) patients had NTM pulmonary disease and the most common causative organism was M. intracellulare (n=14, 87.5%). Of these, 6 cases attained negative conversion in culture, 4 cases failed to attain negative conversion because of poor cooperation or expiration from complicated underlying lung disease, and 5 cases were transferred to a higher-grade hospital. Conclusion: The recovery rate of NTM from respiratory specimens was relatively low and the most common species was M. intracellulare. Patients with NTM pulmonary disease showed variable clinical outcomes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2016

Background Financial, clinical, and psychological considerations have made same-day surgery an attractive option for a variety of procedures. This article aimed to analyse the postoperative results of same-day primary unilateral cleft nasolabial repair. Methods This study was performed from 2011 to 2014. Unilateral cleft lip patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were preoperatively classified as mild, moderate, and severe. All patients underwent same-day surgery and were discharged after satisfying the appropriate clinical criteria, receiving thorough counselling, and the establishment of a means of communication by phone. Postoperative outcomes were assessed and stratified according to preoperative severity and the type of repair. Results A total of 423 primary unilateral cleft lip patients were included. Fisher's anatomical subunit approximation technique was the most common procedure, followed by Noordhoff's technique. The postoperative outcome was good in 89.8% of cases, fair in 9.9% of cases, and poor in 0.2% of cases. The complication rate was 1.18% (n=5), and no instances of mortality were observed. The average hospital stay was 7.5 hours, leading to a cost reduction of 19% in comparison with patients who stayed overnight for observation. Conclusions Mild unilateral cleft lip was the most common deformity for which Fisher's anatomical subunit approximation technique was performed in most of the cases, with satisfactory postoperative outcomes. Refinements in the cleft rhinoplasty techniques over the course of the study improved the results regarding cleft nasal symmetry. Single-day primary unilateral cleft cheiloplasty was found to be a cost-effective procedure that did not pose an additional risk of complications.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.90-100
• /
• 2017

The necessity of embracing selective courses in medical curriculum is increasing due to the expansion of medical knowledge and changes in the health care environment. In contrast to the abundant evidence regarding elective or selective courses during the clinical phase, articles focusing on the preclinical period are relatively scarce. This study aims to explore the development, implementation, and evaluation of newly-adopted selective courses in the first-year medical curriculum in a medical school which recently underwent a major curricular revision. First of all, the Curriculum Committee established goals and operating principles of the courses, and then the committee encouraged all participating professors to attend a related faculty development workshop after finalizing the list of courses. A survey was conducted at the end of each course for evaluation. Of the 36 courses opened in 2016, the overall satisfaction of students was $4.98{\pm}1.06$ (out of 6) and showed a strong correlation with students' previous expectations, reasoning- and participation-oriented teaching, and outcome of the courses including increased motivation. In the open-ended responses, students and professors described not only intended outcomes such as acquisition of medical knowledge and increased interest in new topics, but also unintended outcomes including positive impression for selective courses and even high satisfaction and rewarding experiences, especially from the teachers' perspective. Although long-term outcomes remain to be seen, the results of this study show the feasibility and impact of selective courses and will contribute to effective implementation in other medical schools.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 2019

Purpose: External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a useful option to treat head and neck skin cancer patients who are not indicated for surgery. In this study, we evaluated the treatment outcomes of EBRT in an Asian population. Materials and Methods: The records from 19 head and neck skin cancer patients (10 with squamous cell carcinoma and 9 with basal cell carcinoma) who were treated with definitive or adjuvant EBRT from 2009 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The radiotherapy doses administered ranged from 50 to 66 Gy (median, 55 Gy) with 2.0-2.75 Gy per daily fraction (median, 2.5 Gy). The T stage at presentation was as follows: Tis (1 patient), T1 (11 patients), T2 (6 patients), and T3 (1 patient). None had regional lymph node disease or distant metastasis at presentation. The local failure-free survival (LFFS) rates, toxicity, and cosmetic results were analyzed. Results: The median age was 75.5 years (range, 52.6 to 92.5 years). The median follow-up duration from the completion of radiotherapy was 44.9 months (range, 5.8 to 82.6 months). One local failure occurred in a patient with a 2.1-cm posterior neck squamous cell carcinoma at 32.5 months after radiotherapy (1/19, 5.3%). The 3-year LFFS rate was 91.7%. No patients died from skin cancer during follow-up, and no grade 3 complications occurred. The cosmetic outcomes were excellent for 16 (84.2%) and good for 3 (15.8%) of the 19 patients. Conclusion: EBRT offers good local control and cosmetic outcomes in patients with head and neck skin cancer, with no grade 3 complications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2024

Background: Missing isoniazid (INH) resistance during tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis can worsen the outcomes of INH-resistant TB. The BD MAX MDR-TB assay (BD MAX) facilitates the rapid detection of TB and INH and rifampin (RIF) resistance; however, data related to its performance in clinical setting remain limited. Moreover, its effect on treatment outcomes has not yet been studied. Methods: We compared the performance of BD MAX for the detection of INH/RIF resistances to that of the line probe assay (LPA) in patients with pulmonary TB (PTB), using the results of a phenotypic drug sensitivity test as a reference standard. The treatment outcomes of patients who used BD MAX were compared with those of patients who did not. Results: Of the 83 patients included in the study, the BD MAX was used for an initial PTB diagnosis in 39 patients. The sensitivity of BD MAX for detecting PTB was 79.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of BD MAX for INH resistance were both 100%, whereas these were 50.0% and 95.8%, respectively, for RIF resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of BD MAX were comparable to those of LPA. The BD MAX group had a shorter time interval from specimen request to the initiation of anti-TB drugs (2.0 days vs. 5.5 days, p=0.001). Conclusion: BD MAX showed comparable performance to conventional tests for detecting PTB and INH/RIF resistances. The implementation of BD MAX as a diagnostic tool for PTB resulted in a shorter turnaround time for the initiation of PTB treatment.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2004

공학인으로 갖추어야 할 능력 중에서 문제를 인식하고, 이를 공식화 한 후 창의적이며 체계적으로 해결해 나갈 수 있는 능력을 길러주기 위한 방법으로 설계교육을 체계적으로 해 가는 것이 효과적이다. 이를 위하여 본 대학에서는 1학년에서 창의력을 길러주며, 효과적인 설계 추진 과정을 길러주기 위한 공학설계입문을 개설하여 운영하고 있다. 또한 나머지 학년에서도 실험과 설계가 융합된 과목, 이론과 설계가 융합된 과목을 개설하여 각종 설계문제를 해결하도록 교육하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2학년의 교과목 중 기존의 실험실습 과목을 실험과 설계가 융합된 새로운 개념의 과목으로 개편하여 지난 2년간 운영해온 실적을 분석하여 공학인증에서 요구하는 학습성과 중 팀원으로써의 역할 수행능력이 증가함을 보여준다. 뿐만 아니라, 교과운영 내용을 비교적 상세히 소개하여 공학인증에서 요구하는 설계교육을 효율적으로 운영하는 예시를 보여주며, 주요한 학습성과를 달성하는 한 방법을 제시한다.