• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.456-459
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• 2000

Due to cost-effective and compact system design IPM-based inverters are now being seen as an attractive alternative to conventional discrete-based inverters technique for low power ac drives in particular such as washing machines refrigerators and air-conditioners. Fairchild-IPM newly developed in order to provide the advantages of the lowest cost and better performance is discussed and its specification is given.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.624-635
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• 2012

Construction projects, including housing, are carried out over long periods of time. According to changes to the construction period, the cost of input materials and wages also changes. Therefore appropriate management is important in order to minimize cost risks caused by fluctuations in prices. In Korea, housing units are usually sold in lots prior to construction completion. Therefore, careful management of input elements such as materials and equipment that are sensitive to price fluctuations is very important. This study deals with how the price fluctuation of materials, labor, and equipment influences the change of housing cost and seeks a way for cost management through identifying key resources sensitive to price fluctuation. As a result, a change to the housing cost index multiplies depending on cost changes of materials and labor together. Labor costs are a major factor on the housing cost index. In addition, certain types of materials and labor input to housing construction greatly influence price fluctuations. Thus, it is found that managing those main cost factors is the key for effective cost management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.2 s.24
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The Purpose of cost Planning at the early Phase of construction Projects is to provide the clients with the appropriate cost information during the design decision-making process. Therefore, the cost planning process is expected not only to predict projects' cost accurately but also closely to coordinate with the design decision-making activities. This paper proposes a new cost planning method for the effective and efficient directions relating a design decision-making process. Strategies for this method are i ) to utilize elemental cost breakdown system, and ii ) to apply probabilistic distribution theories. Based on these strategic direction, this paper proposed a probabilistic cost planning model for high-rise office building projects. The suggested model provides appropriate cost information to meet clients limited budget and various project' requirements during the design decision-making process. This study is based on probabilistic distribution variables theories and the range estimating technique. This study also develops a web-based software program in order to apply the proposed cost planning model effectively in high-rise of office building construction practices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.4 s.65
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• pp.341-358
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• 2003

This paper proposed a general formulation of Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) models and LCC effective design system models of steel bridges suitable for practical implementation. An LCC model for the optimum design of steel bridges included initial cost and direct/indirect rehabilitation costs of a steel bridge as well as repair/replacement costs, loss of contents or fatality and injury losses, road user costs, and indirect socioeconomic losses. The new road user cost model and regional socioeconomic losses model were especially considered because of the traffic network. Illustrative design examples of an actual steel box girder and an orthotropic steel deck bridge were discussed to demonstrate the LCC effectiveness of the design of steel bridges. Based on the results of the numerical investigation, the LCC-effective optimum design of steel bridges based on the proposed LCC model was found to lead to a more rational, economical, and safer design compared with the initial cost-optimum design and the conventional code-based design.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

The A low-cost carriers(LCC)' website represents their public face to the world. Futhermore, distribution through their own websites is generally regarded as the being most cost effective for airlines The Internet website has become an effective marketing vehicle for low-cost carriers(LCC). The objective of this study was to examine theoretical relationship of website quality, e-satisfaction, e-trust, and e-loyalty to the low-cost carriers' website. The study sample included respondents who had visited any LCC websites in the last 12 months. Data were collected by conducting a web-based survey to maintain respondents' anonymity and overcome time and place constraints. From the 334 usable data obtained, hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-trust are antecedents of e-loyalty in loyalty relationships between passengers and low-cost carriers' websites. Website quality positively influences e-satisfaction, e-trust while e-satisfaction. However, contrary to our expectation, e-satisfaction has a negative effect on e-trust. Managerial implications are provided following presentation of the findings.

• Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to analyze cost-effectiveness of two most-commonly used statins from the perspective of the Korean national health system. Methods: The scope of the analysis included rosuvastatin (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg) and atorvastatin (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg). Effectiveness was defined as percentage (%) and absolute (mg/dL) reductions of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from the baseline. They were derived from published randomized controlled studies for rosuvastatin and atorvastatin. Effectiveness was defined as reductions in LDL-C levels per mg dose of the drugs. The annual direct medical costs including drug acquisition costs and monitoring costs over the one-year time horizon were calculated for each alternative. The average cost-effectiveness ratios (ACERs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for each statin dose were calculated. Results: The ACERs for all doses of rosuvastatin (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg) were lower than those for all doses of atorvastatin (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg). Rosuvastatin 10 mg was the most cost-effective statin for LDL-C reduction. In cost-effectiveness analyses for corresponding doses of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin, rosuvastatin was the superior strategy which suggests both higher effectiveness and lower costs than atorvastatin. However, we have to consider this analysis is highly influenced by current price of statins in each market. Conclusion: For reduction of LDL-C levels in Korean patients with dyslipidemia, rosuvastatin 10mg is the most cost-effective statin in the current Korean market.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.730-740
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• 2014

The rapid increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases is an important public healthcare issue in many countries, which accelerates many studies on a healthcare system that can, whenever and wherever, extract and process patient data. A patient with a chronic disease conducts self-management in an out-of-hospital environment, particularly in an at-home environment, so it is important to provide integrated and personalized healthcare services for effective care. To help provide effective care for chronic disease patients, we propose a service flow and a new cloud-based personalized healthcare system architecture supporting both at-home and at-hospital environments. The system considers the different characteristics of at-hospital and at-home environments, and it provides various chronic disease care services. A prototype implementation and a predicted cost model are provided to show the effectiveness of the system. The proposed personalized healthcare system can support cost-effective disease care in an at-hospital environment and personalized self-management of chronic disease in an at-home environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

The portion of lighting power consumption for our country is up to 20~30% of the total amount. Currently, most of the DSM(Demand side management) of lighting power is delivered in supply of high efficient lighting to customers. On the contrary, applications of lighting power to power load leveling are still rare. In this paper, the simulations for various control types of lighting power for load leveling are tried, and we obtained the cost effective and optimal control method through that. This simulation was executed in test office with fluorescent light by us based on applying 8 control types(on, off & dimming), considering customers' satisfaction, for instance, minimum intensity of illumination allowed. According to the result of this test, we found that mixed type(chessboard(on-off) plus dimming control(10%)) is most effective.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.327-345
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• 1998

This paper deals with the problem of one-to-one mapping of 2$^n$ task modules of a parallel program to an n-dimensional hypercube multicomputer so as to minimize the total communication cost during the execution of the task. The problem of finding an optimal mapping has been proven to be NP-complete. First we show that the mapping problem in a hypercube multicomputer can be transformed into the problem of finding a set of maximum cutsets on a given task graph using a graph modification technique. Then we propose a repeated mapping scheme, using an existing graph bipartitioning algorithm, for the effective mapping of task modules onto the processors of a hypercube multicomputer. The repeated mapping scheme is shown to be highly effective on a number of test task graphs; it increasingly outperforms the greedy and recursive mapping algorithms as the number of processors increases. Our repeated mapping scheme is shown to be very effective for regular graphs, such as hypercube-isomorphic or 'almost' isomorphic graphs and meshes; it finds optimal mappings on almost all the regular task graphs considered.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2015

In this study, low cost bio-flocculants, chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite, were used as a flocculant to harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. Chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite separated successfully >98% of C. vulgaris at following optimal parameters: 90 mg/L chitosan at pH 6-7, 70 mg/L cationic starch at pH 9-10 and 50 mg/L Mg-sericite at pH 4-5. A relatively high correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9993 for chitosan, 0.9971 for catonic starch and 0.9924 for Mg-sericite was obtained. The investigated flocculants amount increased linearly with increasing the microalgae amount. The biopolymer, Mg-sericite, was more effective than that of other investigated flocculants. These results indicated that a bio-flocculants, chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite, could prove to be an effective flocculant for economical production of microalgae biomass. In addition, Mg-sericite was more effective comparing to the other investigated flocculants.