• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Recently, together with advancement of domestic aviation industry, overseas tourists using planes have been soared. This study aimed to investigate the risk of diseases for the passengers and flight attendants from the exposed cosmic radiation during the flight by domestic and international literature reviews, as follows. Airliners should develop the program to measure the actual radiation dose and prepare the portable devices for radiation measurement in flight to lower the accumulated dose of cosmic radiation by the attendants. Regulation should be prepared to check the exposed dose during the flight for the passengers by announcement of individual exposed radiation dose which has been provided only to the flight attendants. Passengers and flight attendants should recognize they are exposed to excessive cosmic radiation during the flight and civilians should be protected by the cosmic radiation when they use the flights, which should be prepared by the regulations.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced a global pandemic on March 12, 2020, the aviation industry in the world has been experiencing difficulties for a long time. Meanwhile, the Ukraine war broke out in February, and from March 15, domestic airlines must operate air routes bypassing Russian airspace despite the longer flight time. Therefore, as the flight time increases, the cosmic radiation exposure dose of the crew members is also expected to increase. Here we compare the radiation exposure dose between the route doses for the eastern United States and Europe before and after the detour route usage. Through the comparison analysis, we tried to understand how cosmic radiation changes depending on the flight time and the latitude and which one contributes more. We expect that this study can be used for the policy update for the safety management of cosmic radiation for aircrews in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiation dose data of the space crew of the flight crew and to present a plan for the health management of the flight crew on the basis of the analysis. The analysis show that the average exposure dose of the flight attendants continued to rise, and the exposure dose of the flight attendants was five(5) times higher than that of the radiation workers. As a way to reduce the effects of cosmic radiation, this paper suggests appropriate personnel allocation by model, balanced allocation of high and low latitude routes by crew according to the aircraft type, and a low altitude flight plan for high latitude flight. This study will help aviation crew members understand cosmic radiation and trust in the company's policies. In the future, it will be necessary to enhance the flight safety of the crew by deriving meaningful results by analyzing data related to cosmic radiation of various routes.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.755-762
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• 2023

The reliability of measuring instruments is essential in measuring cosmic radiation. To demonstrate this importance, this study measured and compared the amount of cosmic radiation using Liulin and TEPC, operated in South Korea, on a flight between Incheon, South Korea and LA, the US. In addition, since prior analysis based on a prediction program is necessary in advance to check the dose of cosmic radiation, this study utilized KREAM developed in Korea and the CARI-6M developed by the FAA to acquire the predicted value. As a result of the verification, the reliability of the two devices falls within the acceptable level of 20%, proving the reliability. Moreover, the differences between the values acquired by each prediction program were only subtle. Nevertheless, the analysis demonstrated that the prediction value obtained by the programs and the measured value had significant differences. Therefore, additional correction of the discrepancies or continuous research for such is required to match the predicted values are similar to the actual measured values.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2022

Cosmic radiation exposure of the flight crews in Korea has been managed by Radiation Safety Management around Living Life Act under Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. However, the domestic flight crews are excluded from the Act because of relatively low route dose exposure compared to that of international flight crews. But we found that the accumulated total annual dose of domestic flight crews is far from negligible because of relatively long total flight time and too many flights. In this study, to suggest the necessity of management of domestic flight crews' radiation exposure, we statistically analyzed domestic flight crew's accumulative annual dose by using cosmic radiation estimation models of the Civil Aviation Research Institute (CARI)-6M, Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety (NAIRAS), and Korean Radiation Exposure Assessment Model (KREAM) and compared with in-situ measurements of Liulin-6K LET spectrometer. As a result, the average exposure dose of domestic flight crews was found to be 0.5-0.8 mSv. We also expect that our result might provide the basis to include the domestic flight crews as radiation workers, not just international flight attendants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.476-483
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• 2009

Cosmic ray is composed of nuclear particles moving at a light speed. The cosmic ray affects the performance and the reliability of semiconductor devices by ionizing the semiconductor material. In this study, the radiation effects of protons, electrons, and photons, which compose the cosmic ray, on the GOS(Geostationary Orbit Satellite) were evaluated using the Monte-Carlo N-Particle code. The GOS was chosen due to the comparatively long exposure to the cosmic ray as it stays in the geostationary orbit more than 10 years. As the absorbed dose of semiconductor from electrons is much larger than those of protons, photons, and the secondary radiation, most of the radiation exposure of the semiconductors in the GOS results from that of electrons. When we compare the calculated absorbed dose with the radio-resistance of semiconductor, the Intel 486 of the Intel company is not suitable for the GOS applications due to its low radio-resistance. However RH3000-20 of MIPS and Motorola 602/603e can be applied to the Satellite when the aluminium shield is thicker than 3 mm.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2018

Humans received an exposure dose of 2.4 mSv of natural radiation per year, of which the contribution of spacecraft accounts for about 75%. The crew of the aircraft has increased radiation exposure doses based on cosmic radiation safety management regulations There is no reference to air passengers. Therefore, in this study, we measured the radiation exposure dose received in the sky at high altitude during flight, and tried to compare the radiation exposure dose received by ordinary people during flight. We selected 20 sample specimens, including major tourist spots and the capital by continent with direct flights from Incheon International Airport. Using the CARI-6/6M model and the NAIRAS model, which are cosmic radiation prediction models provided at the National Radio Research Institute, we measured the cosmic radiation exposure dose by the selected flight and departure/arrival place. In the case of exposure dose, Beijing was the lowest at $2.87{\mu}Sv$ (NAIRAS) and $2.05{\mu}Sv$ (CARI - 6/6M), New York had the highest at $146.45{\mu}Sv$ (NAIRAS) and $79.42{\mu}Sv$ (CARI - 6/6M). We found that the route using Arctic routes at the same time and distance will receive more exposure dose than other paths. While the dose of cosmic radiation to be received during flight does not have a decisive influence on the human body, because of the greater risk of stochastic effects in the case of frequent flights and in children with high radiation sensitivity Institutional regulation should be prepared for this.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2023

The airborne radiation monitoring has been used in geophysics for more than forty years and now it also has its important role in emergency monitoring. The aircraft background and the cosmic gamma-rays contribute to the measured gamma spectrum on the aircraft board. This adverse effect should be eliminated before the data processing. The paper describes two semiparametric methods to estimate the full spectrum aircraft background and cosmic gamma-ray contribution from spectra measured at altitudes where terrestrial contribution is negligible. The methods only assume to know possible peak positions in spectra and their full width at half maximum, that can be easily obtained e.g. from terrestrial measurement. The methods were applied to real experimental data acquired on Mi-17 and Bell 412 helicopter boards. The IRIS airborne gamma-ray spectrometer, with 4×4 L NaI(Tl) crystals, produced by Pico Envirotec Inc., Canada, was used on helicopters' boards. To obtain valid estimate of the aircraft background and the cosmic contribution, the measurements over sea and large water areas were carried out. However, the satisfactory results over inland were also achieved comparing with those acquired over large water areas.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 1994

The Cosmic Ray Experiment (CRE) is one of the modules flown on board the KITSAT-1 satellite and consistes of two sub-systems: the Total Dose Experiment (TDE) and the Cosmic Particl Experiment(CPE). The purpose of CRE is to characterize the space radiation environment as encountered by an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. KITSAT-1 orbit is dominated by the inner Van Allen radiation belt. This region has a large population of high energy protons which contributes significantly to both long-term and transient radiation effects. The data shows that the inner Van Allen radiation belt is very stable and the solar activity influences the CPE, TDE data and SEU(Single Event Upset) rates. The result also shows that much larger high energy particle flux is recorded than the predictions of the CREME code.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.215-236
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• 2016

This paper is related to a study on safety management of cosmic radiation in the aviation area, and as a comprehensive study encompassing not only aviation crew but also aviation traffic users, presents issues on an exposure to the cosmic radiation which authors predict may be intensified in a time to come. Although the government of the Republic of Korea has recently activated regulations related to the cosmic radiation, the following improvement measures are further urged to be carried out not only as a regulatory improvement for pushing ahead with effectiveness but also as a supplementary tool. Firstly, a dose limit corresponding to the international standard needs to be applied. Since the dose limit imposed by the Korean government is improperly higher than the international dose limit of the cosmic radiation, the present dose limit needs to be re-established in a range of "not exceeding the international recommendation". Secondly, a new methodology is needed such that aviation companies observe a yearly effective dose limit of passengers. A fact that only aviation crew is specified but passengers are excluded in the related regulation is based on a recommendation presented by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). According to the recommendation, Korean government excluded passengers in the "Cosmic Radiation Safety Requirements for Crew". Among the present aviation regulations, there exists a protection standard for protecting aviation traffic users. However, it presents a damage protection only for ticket-related issues. Since this regulatory weakness provides a cause of endangering national health, the authors believe that an improvement in the regulation is needed without sticking to the recommendation from the ICRP. To this end, new regulations are strongly demanded from aspects of not only legal but also regulatory areas. The dose limit in accordance with the international standard is established. However, at least a minute amount of cosmic radiation is continuously acting on all people of Korea. Since more and higher level of cosmic ration may exist in the aviation space, an improved method of representing the minute amount of cosmic radiation in figures. As a result, a desirable regulation may be established for protecting not only crew but also aviation traffic users from being exposed to the cosmic radiation via a legislation of the desirable regulation.