• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.22-29
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• 1992

Emulsion-type cometics contain many kinds of carbon and energy source i.e., vegetable oil, mineral oil and carbohydrate etc., those can be used as nutrients and caused contamination by microbials. Thereby we have to keep cosmetics from the possibility of contamination by microbials. From this viewpoint, the purpose of this study is to get the data necessary not only to prevent dermatopathia occurred by microbials but also to sustain the quality. In this experiment, we observed how many Staphylococcus aureus were grown in the prepared cosmetics with or without antiseptics so as to prevent contamination. When the contamination proceed, the stability of phase was disturbed and creaming phenomina was happened with some discoloration and bad smell. About 40 days after, the pH was changed from 7.6 to 6.5 and the refractive index of cosmetic raw materials were changed from 1.4415 to 1.4490(water : oil=70:30). By adding antiseptics Into prepared cosmetics, the number of Staphylococcus aureus with challenge test method were decreased to 7$\times$103 cell/ml. For the antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, p-hydroxy benzoic acid propyl ester in phosphoric acid buffer solution was the best.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

The cutaneous tolerability of detergent formulations can be improved by means of suitable additives. They complex the surfactant molecules lowering the concentration of their free monomeric species. Proteins derivatives used as additives for detergency are usually prepared by partial hydrolysis of plant reserve proteins. The main purpose of the hydrolytic cleavage is to make them water soluble and suitable for liquid products. Water solubility and stability are obtained by means of complexation with surfactants which also increase their actual hydrophobicity, an important parameter affecting cosmetic properties of proteins. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electric capacitance (EC) have been adopted as investigation technigues to evaluate the skin integrity/damage in vitro tests, The performance of native wheat protein / surfactant complexes has been compared with traditional protein hydrolysates as detergent additives. The results show a noticeable reduction of skin irritation in surfactant formulations with addition of native wheat protein.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2014

This study is about the development of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), which are highly applicable to cosmetics formulation. The CLCs made from non-animal origin were chosen not only because they are free of animal viruses but also because they give a sense of security to the cosmetic consumers. Three kinds of new cholesteric derivatives (CI, CC, CN) were synthesized using non-animal cholesterol [NAB cholesterol (ARCH LONZA)], which was originally made by fermentation process. To develop high applicability to cosmetics formulation, we attempted to find out the optimum compositions in which CLCs can maintain their color over a wide range of temperature. The CLCs in 41 different compositions were prepared by the combinations of three cholesteric derivatives and a visual evaluation method was employed to determine the range of temperature at which the CLCs display their color. The 205 UV-VIS spectral data obtained from 41 CLCs at various temperatures were simultaneously analyzed to investigate the critical factors affecting the characteristics of the CLCs. Results showed that A4, A5, A6 and A7 were the best compositions to cosmetics formulation. A6 composition had a great moisturizing effect by the artificial skin test ($AmoReSkin^{TM}$).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.79-85
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aimed at producing emulsion by using butanol fractions of Sanguisorbae radix(SRA-B) which have high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions, and then evaluating stabilities of the emulsion. Methods : We measured antioxidant efficacy of SRA-B by using DPPH assay. Also, we checked the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by using the Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SRA-B3. We prepared emulsion containing SRA-B3(E-SRA-B3) and analysed its particle size distribution under a microscope. Also, we performed the test for stability of the emulsion. Results : SRA-B3 showed the highest efficacy in electronic donating abilities' activity. The Western blot's results indicated that the protein expression's amount of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophage stimulated by LPS were reduced by SRA-B3 treatment. The average particle size of E-SRA-B3 was $5{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in diameter and was $6.7{\mu}m$ in a view of the particle distribution. For a period of a observation, E-SRA-B3 has not made particular changes with storage temperature. It was observed that E-SRA-B3 could preserve its stable condition without a particular difference of viscosity during 28 days. Conclusions : From the above results, it was confirmed that SRA-B3 has potentiality enough to be applied to industrialization and could be utilized as antioxidative natural materials and anti-inflammatory cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2009

In the previous study, we evaluated and reported about the anti-oxidative activities of extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf. Extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf showed excellent free radical scavenging activity, cell protective activity and inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and elastase. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of cream containing 0.2 % Castanea crenata ethyl acetate fraction. pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under 4 different temperature ($4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C)$ and under the sun light at 2 weeks intervals for the 8 weeks. The variations on pH and viscosity of all experimental creams were similar to control cream. The absorbance variation of extract from experimental cream at 353 nm was in the order: under the sun > $45^{\circ}C$ > $37^{\circ}C$ > $20^{\circ}C$ > $4^{\circ}C$. It shows that ethyl acetate fraction in the cream can be oxidized under the sun. The bad smell and discoloration were not shown. Also, physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. Also, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and water contents in skin were measured. The cream containing Castanea cranata leaf extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 120 min, TEWL of parts was decreased as 29.7 % (experimental cream) and 5.4 % (control cream) respectively. And the water contents in skin were increased 22.6 % (experimental cream) and 24.7 % (control cream) respectively. It was confirmed that a cream containing ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata leaf shows the superior moisturizing effect. The results showed that Castanea crenata leaf extract could be used as a new active ingredient for anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate the inhibition of skin melanin formation by extract of Angelica koreana and Cnidium monnieri and the possibility of functional cosmetic materials through anti-irritation and stability test. The extract used in this experiment is White-$AK^{TM}$ and the INCI name is Osthole. The main component of White-$AK^{TM}$ was identified as coumarin and EC50 value was 2.7ppm by mouse melanoma B 16 cell test. White-$AK^{TM}$ showed inhibitory effects 100 times lower concentration than arbutin. The main mechanism for skin whitening effect thought to be inhibition of tyrosinase-related gene expression. The basic essence formulation of White-$AK^{TM}$ 5% solution applied to the skin showed the effect of relieving skin irritation. White-$AK^{TM}$ in an opaque container, under UV conditions for 4 weeks, and showed close to 100% recovery and 97% recovery under $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. Therefore, it is thought that White-$AK^{TM}$ which helps skin whitening, relieving skin irritation and stable in UV condition is able to be used as the functional component in the cosmetic formulation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1999

Medimin A is a derivative of vitamin A which has been developed by coupling retinoic acid with polyethylene glycol(PEG) to enhance skin permeability and stability. We carried out the collagen synthesis and clinical test to examine the reducing effect of wrinkles by Medimin A. In vitro collagen synthesis was evaluated by quantitative assay of ($^3$H)-proline incorporation into collagenase sensitive protein in fibroblast cultures. Clinical test was evaluated by image analysis of skin replica, visual observation and self-estimated response of volunteers for 10 weeks. Medimin A stimulated about 40% in collagen synthesis. The area of main deep wrinkle on the skin replica was reduced 38.4% with topical application of O/W emulsion containing 0.2% Medimin A. The wrinkles on the eye region was also reduced 25.4%-44.1% by the visual observation and 93% of all volunteers responded that topical application of the O/W emulsion was showed some reducing effect of wrinkles after 10 weeks. From these results, we suggest that Medimin A is a potent anti-wrinkle agent by objective evaluation methods(in vitro collagen synthesis and image analysis of skin replica) and subjective evaluation methods(visual observation and self-estimated response of volunteers).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.201-211
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• 2009

Korean middle-aged women, who are securing economic stability of their own along with the national economic growth, have had much concern in their outward appearance. Especially, middle-aged women's concern of appearance triggered by their various social/leisure activities and appreciation of aesthetic sense leads to the interest in their outward appearance, thus naturally stimulating their purchasing sentiments. This paper attempts to identify the level of middle-aged women's concern of appearance and analyze how this level of concern affects their behavior in purchasing cosmetic products. Our analytical findings include: 1. From the t-test and distributional analysis of points of each factor on the group, the high-interest type 1 (108 persons) and low-interest type 2 (91 person) in terms of 'concern of appearance' turned out to exist. 2. Five factors of cosmetics-purchasing behavior were derived that are fashion-leading type, compulsive buying type, brand-dependent type, pondering type, planned buying type and loyal-to-brand type. 3. Cosmetics-purchasing behavior varied according to the subjects' level of concern of appearance.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.351-355
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• 2007

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound with antioxidative property, was purified from the grape's twig to be used as functional additives of food and/or cosmetics. Extraction of the grape's twig was performed using 80% ethanol in ultrasonic extractor for 60 min. The crude extract was purified up to 99% after elution through silica gel open column chromatography. The stability of the purified resveratrol was as follows: a half life of 90 days at 40$^{\circ}C$ and 60 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. A sensory test of the commercial grape juice including the 1-10 ppm of purified resveratrol showed better preference than the grape juice without purified resveratrol additive. Color and smell test showed no difference between the samples. The grape twig can be used as a valuable resource for the extraction of resveratrol, which would be added to nutraceutical and cosmetic products.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2018

In this study, methanol extracts of the Oxalidaceae were tested with a potential functional cosmetic agent. As cosmetic agent tests, cell toxicity, polyphenol content, antioxidation, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects were measured. Cell toxicity of the extracts was weak up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Polyphenol contents of Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny were $116.036{\pm}0.37mg/g$, $54.72{\pm}0.52mg/g$ and $88.18{\pm}1.15mg/g$, respectively. Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny extracts showed 89%, 80% and 88% of antioxidation effects at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny extracts indicated 81%, 51% and 57% of antiwrinkle effects at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration using elastase inhibition assay. Oxalis corniculata L. extract was particularly excellent in elastase inhibition effect. Whitening effect using tyrosinase inhibition assay was relatively weak. Lotion formulation including 1% Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz extract was stable based on the temperature stability test for 28 days in terms of pH, viscosity and appearance. However, Lotion formulation including 1% Oxalis corniculata L. extract and Oxalis articulata Savigny extract need formulation improvement. From the research, methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. seems to be good candidate for antiwrinkle functional cosmetic agent.