• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2013

The object of this work is to establish an electrochemical noise(EN) measurement technique combined with a direct current potential drop(DCPD) method for monitoring of localized corrosion cracking of nickel-based alloy, and to analyze its mechanism. The electrochemical current and potential noises were measured under various conditions of applied stress to a compact tension specimen in a simulated primary water chemistry of a pressurized water reactor. The amplitude and frequency of the EN signals were evaluated in both time and frequency domains based on a shot noise theory, and then quantitatively analyzed using statistical Weibull distribution function. From the spectral analysis, the effect of the current application in DCPD was found to be effectively excluded from the EN signals generated from the localized corrosion cracking. With the aid of a microstructural analysis, the relationship between EN signals and the localized corrosion cracking mechanism was investigated by comparing the shape parameter of Weibull distribution of a mean time-to-failure.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate corrosion characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys with Ta contents. Ti-xTa alloys used as samples (x=30, 40%) were arc-melted under argon atmosphere of 99.9% purity. Ti-xTa alloys were homogenized for 12hr at $1000^{\circ}C$ and then water quenched. The surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anodic corrosion behaviors of the specimens were examined through potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic test in 0.9 % NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. After corrosion test, the surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using OM. The microstructure of Ti-Ta alloy showed the beta structure with Ta content. The corrosion resistance of Ti alloy was improved by increasing Ta content and the corrosion morphology of Ti-Ta alloy showed that the site attacked by chloride ion decreased from the active to passive region with Ta content. Potential of Ti-40Ta alloy increased as time increased, whereas, current density of Ti-40Ta alloy decreased as time increased compared to Ti-30 alloy.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2019

In this study, the corrosion characteristics of T22 and T92 steel were investigated in 6O₂ + 16CO₂ + 2SO₂ gas environment at 650 ℃. Corrosion characteristics were characterized by weight gain, oxide layer thickness, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. T22 and T92 steel tended to stagnate oxide layer growth over time. Oxidation kinetics were analyzed using the data of oxide layer thickness, and a regression model was presented. The regression model was significantly acceptable. The corrosion rate between the two steels through the regression model showed significant difference. The T92 steel was approximately twice as large as the time exponent and showed very good corrosion resistance compared to the T22 steel. In both steels, the oxide layer mainly formed a Fe-rich oxide layer composed of hematite (Fe₂O₃), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and spinel (FeCr₂O₄). Sulfide segregation occurred in the oxide layer due to SO₂ gas. However, the locations of segregation for the T22 and T92 steel were different.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

The contents of this paper include the evaluation of corrosion characteristics and the behaviour of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for the weldment and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) specimen and parent of HT -60 steel using a slow strain rate test (SSRT) in synthetic seawater. Corrosion characteristics were obtained from the polarization curves by potentiostat, and SCC phenomena were evaluated through the parameters such as reduction of area and time to failure by comparing the experimental results in corrosive environment with those obtained in air. Corrosion rate of the weldment was the fastest, followed by parent and PWHT specimen. SCC phenomena between the weldment of HT-60 steel and synthetic seawater were shown. Besides, SCC was dependent upon the pulling speed greatly. Maximum severity of SCC was obtained at a speed of $10^{-6}mm/min$, whereas SCC could not be seen almost at $10^{-4}mm/min$. The resistance to SCC for PWHT specimen was improved considerably compared that of the weldment at $10^{-6}mm/min$. In case of SCC failure, it was verified from SEM examination that brittle mode and lots of pits could be seen at the fractured region near the surface of the specimen.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.297-314
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• 2016

As the study of internal corrosion of pipeline need a large number of experiments as well as long time, so there is a need for new computational technique to expand the spectrum of the results and to save time. The present work represents a new non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for detecting the internal corrosion inside pipeline by evaluating the dielectric properties of steel pipe at room temperature by using electrical capacitance sensor (ECS), then predict the effect of pipeline environment temperature (${\theta}$) on the corrosion rates by designing an efficient artificial neural network (ANN) architecture. ECS consists of number of electrodes mounted on the outer surface of pipeline, the sensor shape, electrode configuration, and the number of electrodes that comprise three key elements of two dimensional capacitance sensors are illustrated. The variation in the dielectric signatures was employed to design electrical capacitance sensor (ECS) with high sensitivity to detect such defects. The rules of 24-electrode sensor parameters such as capacitance, capacitance change, and change rate of capacitance are discussed by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) structure are applied, trained and tested to predict the finite element (FE) results of corrosion rates under room temperature, and then used the trained FFNN to predict corrosion rates at different temperature using MATLAB neural network toolbox. The FE results are in excellent agreement with an FFNN results, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed technique and leads to better understanding of the corrosion mechanism under different pipeline environmental temperature.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 1999

In the case that erosion and corrosion occurs in machinery and structure at the same time, the synergy effect by erosion-corrosion affects fatal effect to durability of machinery and structure. Therefore, in machinery and structure which use corrosion liquid, the study of the synergy effect of erosion-corrosion which affects metal material is requested. In this paper. the flow corrosion experiment about the effect of temperature change and liquid velocity change in sea water was carried out to study the characteristics of erosion-corrosion for tube material Cu heat exchanger The main results obtained are as follows. (1) Damage appearance of tube outside by erosion-corrosion becomes dull because electrode potentials of Cu tube is higher than electrode potential of STPG38 shell. (2) In the cooling system by sea water, the weight loss rate of Cu at tube outside liquid temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ is higher than that of temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. (3) In cooling system by sea water, the weight loss rate of Cu at liquid velocity of 5.1m/s is higher than that of velocity of 1.47m/s. But as the testing time passed, the weight loss rate of Cu at velocity of 5.1m/s is almost steady and becomes dull at velocity of 1.47m/s.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2023

Effects of high-temperature environment and low-temperature environment on corrosion behaviours of 18Cr stainless steels (type 304L, type 441) in simulated selective catalytic reduction (SCR) environments were studied using weight loss test in each environment and rust analysis. With time to exposure to the high-temperature environment, type 441 was more resistant to corrosion than type 304L due to both higher diffusivity of Cr and lower thermal expansion coefficient in α-iron. The former provides a stable protective Cr₂O₃ layer. The latter leaded to low residual stress between scale and steel, reducing the spallation of the scale. With time to exposure to the low-temperature environment, on the other hand, type 304L was more resistant to corrosion than type 441. The lower resistance of type 441 was caused by Cr-depleted zone with less than 11% formed during the pre-exposure to a high-temperature environment, unlike type 304L. It was confirmed by results from the crevice corrosion test of sensitised 11Cr steel. Hence, to achieve higher corrosion resistance in simulated SCR environments, ferritic stainless steels having lower thermal expansion coefficient and higher diffusivity of Cr but containing more than 18% Cr are recommended.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.179-180
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 염분 혼입량을 6단계로 나누어 시험을 실시하였다. 이때 코팅재와 염분 혼입량 외의 영향인자에 대한 영향을 줄이기 위해서 모르타르의 구성 성분은 동일하게 하여 시편을 제작하였으며 부식 결과를 빠른 시간내에 도출하기 위하여 부식 촉진법을 사용하여 20주간 시험을 실시하였다. 20주 동안 Galvanic과 Half-cell을 통하여 부식 개시시기에 대한 모델링을 하였으며, 싸이클 완료 후 Linear polarization을 이용하여 부식 전류를 측정하였으며, 철근을 모르타르와 동일한 방법으로 코팅하여 콘크리트에 적용 부식개시 시기를 알아보았다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) based measurement method for localizing concentric neutrals corrosion on live underground power cable. It consists of two inductive couplers which can transmit the reference signal into live underground power cable and measure the reflected signals from the impedance discontinuities of concentric neutrals corrosion. In order to compensate the dispersion of the measured reflected signal via inductive coupler, an equalizer based on Wiener filtering is designed. To improve the localizing performance of concentric neutrals corrosion in the vicinity of the measurement point, the reference signal is removed from the measured reflected signals. The localization performance of the proposed method is verified by the concentric neutrals corrosion localization experiment.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2008

Copper was exposed unsheltered and sheltered in four humid tropical sites, representing urban, urban-industrial, urban-marine and rural environments. The corrosion rates and the sequence of corrosion product formation are presented and discussed in relation with climatic and atmospheric pollution parameters. Chemical compositions of corrosion products were found to depend on environments and duration of exposure. In all environments, cuprite was the predominating corrosion product that formed first and continuously increased during the exposure. Among the sulphur-containing corrosion products, posnjakite and brochantite were more frequently found and the first formed earlier. Nantokite was the most common chlorine-containing products for most cases, except the high-chloride environment, where atacamite was detected instead. The corrosion rate of copper was well indicated by the colour of patina. The red-purple colour corresponded to the high corrosion rate and the greenish grey colour corresponded to the low corrosion rate. Corrosion rate of sheltered copper in urban-marine environment increased with the exposure time.