• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.761-772
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Understanding the factors associated with fish consumption is necessary to determine strategies to improve the fish consumption particularly those high in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between a mother's perspective on fish and actual fish consumption in their children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two hundred thirty-one elementary school children grade 3-6 and their mothers in Surakarta were recruited using multi stage random sampling for this study. Data was collected in July and August 2017. A validated questionnaire consisted of 3 topics including knowledge related to the health benefits and organoleptic properties of fish and cooking technique-related attitudes on fish were used to measure the mother's response to the fish properties. A validated food frequency questionnaire and a food picture book of fish specifically designed for the survey were developed and used to assess fish consumption of the children. A χ² test was used to analyse the correlation between the mothers' perspective on fish and their children's fish consumption. RESULTS: The median fish consumption in children was 65 g/d with fried non-oily or lean fish, e.g., milkfish (locally called Bandeng) and catfish (locally called Lele) were consumed more than oily fish as well as processed fish products. Of all children, 31% met the fish consumption recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency-Food and Drug Administration 2017. There was no relationship between a mother's knowledge related to health benefits, organoleptic properties and cooking technique-related attitude toward fish and her child's fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The fish consumption of children is not influenced by their mother's perspective on fish. Nutrition education strategies are warranted to improve fish consumption and maintain the optimal benefits by consuming fish, including fish high in n-3 LCPUFA.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study intended to examine whether working mothers' job satisfaction has a moderating effect on the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Methods: The subjects were 202 working mothers in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, all of who had a single child under 36 months old. Working mothers' parenting stress, job satisfaction and second childbearing intention were assessed with questionnaires completed by the mothers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, and moderator regression analysis. Results: First, a significant difference was revealed in the mothers' second childbearing intention depending on the type of their child's main caregiver. The second childbearing intention of the mothers who relied on babysitters to care for their children was lower than that of the mothers whose mothers, mother-in-laws or child care teachers cared for their children. Secondly, working mothers' parenting stress and job satisfaction significantly affected their second childbearing intention. Thirdly, the mothers' job satisfaction moderated the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to provide working mothers with social support for enhancing their job satisfaction and alleviating their job stress, in order to increase their second childbearing intention.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between young children's picky eating behavior and mother's attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding the eating habits of children. Using a sample of 304 mothers of four or five year-old children, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test a 7 factor model, which included mother's beliefs and practices related to the feeding of their children. Following this, a t-test was conducted to examine the differences between the feeding behaviors of mothers of both of picky and non-oicky eaters, respectively. The results indicated that picky eater's eating behaviors were positively related to the pressures exerted by mothers and negatively related to the mother's concerns about their child's weight and child's BMI. These findings suggest that the pressures mothers exert upon their children to eat, their child's weight and picky eating behaviors are correlated to each other.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.305-319
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• 2005

The subjects of this study were 210 fathers and mothers of 5-year-old preschoolers. Data were analyzed by correlation and regression. Results showed that "activity" was negatively related to children's self-control. Adaptability and rhythmics, however, were positively related to children's self-control in girl Mothers' imperative control was negatively but her position-oriented control and person-oriented control were positively related to the elf-control of boys. Mothers' position-oriented control and person-oriented control were positively related to the self-control of girls. but there were no significant relations found between mothers' imperative control and children's self-control Fathers' person-oriented control was related to the self-control of boys. Finally, both for boys and girls, "activity" was the most influential variable in children's self-control among the four sub-scales of temperament and parental modes of verbal control.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention for their children. Methods: In this descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire. A total 157 mothers of young children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention. Results: The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention in mothers was found to be above average. There were significant differences in knowledge according to whether the mother was employed (t=2.82, p=.005) and in attitudes according to the mother's age (t=2.13, p=.035). In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (r=.16, p=.014), and between attitudes and practices (r=.50, p<.001). Conclusion: This research provides baseline information to understand mothers' approaches to infection prevention for their children, and it may serve as a basis for providing educational programs that help infection prevention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.673-682
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) and between coping type and quality of life (QOL) in mothers of handicapped children and (further to identify the level of self-esteem and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were the 51 mothers of handicapped children who were registered in two special schools in Taejon. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the period of the data collection was from April 18th to May 26th, 1997. The instruments for this study were Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Folkman & Lazarus's Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) and the quality of life scale designed by Ro, You Ja. The results were analyzed using SPSS/PC/sup +/. Data analysis included the descriptive correlational statistics of ANOVA. Pearson Correlational Coefficient, and t-test. The results are as follows : 1. The level of self-esteem showed a mean score 34.51 and the level of QOL, a mean score 137.55. An Active type of coping was used more of fen than a passive one. 2. The level of self-esteem differed according to monthly income and was significantly higher in mothers of children with acquired handicaps than those of children with congenital handicaps. The level of QOL differed according to monthly income. 3. There was a positive correlation between health status and self-esteem(r=.355, p<.05), and between health status and QOL(r=.367, p<.01). 4. Test for hypothesis ; Hypothesis 1, "The higher the level of self-esteem in mothers of handicapped children, the higher their level of quality of life will be. "was supported (r=.755, p<.001) Hypothesis 2, "The QOL level for the active coping group as compared to the passive coping group will be higher. " was not supported.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between level of participation in children's play, empathy ability and coping behavior in mothers of children with disabilities. The study included 94 mothers of children with disabilities and the study was conducted from May 2018 to August 2018 based on the questionnaire about the level of participation in children's play, empathy ability and coping behavior. According to the study, Mothers of children with disabilities actively participate in physical play with their children and have a higher emotional empathy compared to cognitive empathy, and have acted to actively solve the problems for their children. When children have been treated for more than 1 to 2 years, the level of participation in children's play and the coping behavior were the highest. The longer their children's treatment period, the higher the mothers' empathy. The correlation between level of participation in children's play and coping behavior were significant. And empathy and coping behavior had a strong positive linear relationship. These results suggest that there are differences in level of participation in children's play, empathy and coping behavior depending on mothers' of children with disabilities general characteristics and the higher level of mothers' of children with disabilities participation in children's play, the more empathetic they have. When individualized intervention is provided, we look forward to providing professional service that take into account the characteristics of mothers of children with disabilities.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine mother-child interactions and the quality of life of preschool children with epilepsy as perceived by mothers, and to investigate the relation between mother-child interactions and the quality of life of preschool children with epilepsy. Methods: Participants for this study consist of 92 mothers of children with epilepsy aged three to six years who were treated at university hospitals and a city hospital located in Seoul, Korea. The instruments used for this study were mother-child interactions of preschool children scale and the Korean version of the TAPQOL (TNO-AZL Preschool children Quality of Life). Results: The level of mother-child interactions for preschool children with epilepsy showed a mean score 125.91. The category of dyadic domain was rated the highest while the child domain category was rated the lowest. The level of mother-child interactions for preschool children with epilepsy showed a significant difference according to the mother-child relationship, birth history, seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic drugs and combined disabilities. The quality of life of children with epilepsy showed a significant difference according to the mother-child relationship, birth history, seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic drugs and combined disabilities. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between mother-child interactions and quality of life of preschool children with epilepsy. Conclusion: This study suggests that the mother-child interaction of preschool children with epilepsy showed a tendency to be led by mothers. In order to stimulate mother-child interactions, mothers should help their children enhance their reaction and participation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.97-108
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• 1999

The purpose of this atudy was to identify the influence of demographic characteristics of full-time working mother's family on maternal parenting efficacy as well as child-rearing practices and to examime the relationship between mothers with perceived parenting efficacy and child-rearing practices. The subjects for this study were 100 working mothers of two to six year old children attending employer sponsored child care centers. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation analysis, and step-wise regression were used for data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Full-time working mothers' child-rearing practices were influenced by the ages of mothers and fathers, parental education level and occupation, family income, age of the child, and number of children in the family. 2) The more working mothers perceived parenting efficacy, the more mothers utilized effective child-rearing practices. 3) Age of the child, maternal education level, mothers with levels of perceived parenting efficacy were significant predictors for full-time working mothers' child-rearing practices.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.235-249
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• 2010

The study examined the moderating role of fearfulness on the relation between parental discipline styles and preschoolers' conscience. It also investigated the relationship between parental discipline styles and conscience and the relationship between a child's fearfulness and conscience. A sample of 250 parents of children aged between three and six (126 boys and 124 girls) completed the questionnaires on parental discipline style, preschoolers' conscience, and their fearfulness. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that young children displayed greater actions of reparation and apology when mothers did not neglect and practiced reasoning. The more coercive punishment mothers practiced, the less internalized conduct children showed. In addition, the neglecting discipline style of fathers and the reasoning style of mothers had a significant negative and positive influence, respectively, on children's guilt. The results also showed that fearfulness of children had significant positive effects on their actions of reparation and apology and guilt. Finally, fearfulness moderated influences of mothers' coercive punishment on actions of reparation and apology and fathers' reasoning on internalized conducts. Only fearful children showed not only more actions of reparation and apology when fathers had coercive discipline style but also more internalized behavior when mothers had reasoning discipline style. These results emphasize mutual influences between parental roles and children's personal traits on conscience development in early childhood.