• 지질공학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2021

최근 새로운 개념의 보강토 옹벽이 많이 개발되고 있으나, 개발된 보강재에서 발생되는 시공과정에서 문제나 붕괴와 같은 문제의 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신장형 띠형 보강재의 형상에 따른 현장 적용성을 인발저항시험과 내시공성시험으로 평가하고자 하였다. 시험체는 일반적인 신장형 띠형 보강재, 돌기가 부착된 개발된 신장형 띠형 보강재, 지오그리드를 절단하여 만든 띠형 보강재를 사용하여, 신장형 띠형 보강재 형상의 차이에 대한 기초적인 연구를 수행하고 각 보강재료의 장단점을 비교하였다. 연구 결과로서 보강재의 형상에 따른 장·단점을 명확하게 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 보강토 옹벽의 설치 조건과 뒤채움재의 입도를 고려하여 선택한다면 최선의 보강재를 선택할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

서론 : 폐암환자의 방사선치료계획 시 불균질 조직 보정(inhomogeneity correction)을 평가하기 위해 폐(lung), (bone) 그리고 뼈를 고정시키기 위해 사용하는 고밀도 물질인 steel 등을 포함한 불균질 조직 보정 팬텀(inhomogeneity correction phantom, ICP)을 자체 제작하였다. 이를 이용하여 방사선치료계획시스템에서 불균질조직 보정 알고리듬에 따른 값들을 비교하고, 또한 실제 측정된 값과 비교, 분석하여 불균질 조직에 따른 선량계산 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 영상획득은 전산화단층촬영영상장치(CT, Volume zoom, Germany)와 자체 제작한 불균질 조직 보정팬텀(ICP, pig's vertebra, steel(8.21 g/cm3), cork(0.23 g/cm3))을 사용하였다. 방사선치료계획시스템으로는 Marks Plan(2D)과 XiO(CMS, USA, 3D)를 사용하였고, 측정값과의 비교를 위해서는 선형가속기(CL/1800, Varian, USA)와 이온전리함을 사용하였다. 전산화단층촬영영상장치로부터 획득한 영상을 이용하여 방사선치료계획장치에서 관심점(interest point, IP)에서의 점선량(point dose)과 선량분포를 얻고, 이와 동일한 조건에서 측정을 수행한 후 비교, 분석하였다. 그리고 불균질 조직 보정 알고리듬 사용 유무에 따른 차이와 방사선치료계획장치가 가지고 있는 다양한 불균질 조직 보정 알고리듬 간의 차이도 비교하였다. 결 과 : 불균질 조직 보정 팬텀 내 관심지점에 대한 측정치와 방사선치료계획장치에서 얻은 균질과 불균질 보정된 값을 비교한 결과 폐 제1지점에서의 측정치와 불균질 보정값의 오차는 2D에서 $0.8\%$, 3D에서 $0.5\%$, 스틸 제1지점에서의 측정치와 불균질 보정값의 오차는 2D에서 $12\%$, 3D에서 $5\%$의 오차를 보이나 보정을 하지 않은 값과 측정치의 오차는 각각 $16\%,\;14\%$의 오차가 나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 2D에서 보다는 3D에서의 값들이 오차가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 방사선치료계획 시 조직 내 밀도에 따른 보정이 반드시 이루어져야 하며 보다 정확한 치료계획을 위해서는 2차원 방사선치료계획용 시스템보다는 3차원 방사선치료계획용 시스템을 사용하는 것이 정확한 보정이 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 불균질 조직 보정 알고리듬 간에도 차이가 있어 실제 측정을 통해 가장 적합한 불균질 조직 보정 알고리듬을 선택하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 향후 열형광선량계와 필름 선량계를 통한 비교, 분석이 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

Objectives: To determine the standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex, the experiment of specific external-internal characters and the physicochemical pattern analysis were performed. Methods: External characteristics was observed using a stereoscope. Paraffin-mediated sectioned materials were stained by Ju's method. Physicochemical patterns of materials were analyzed using HPLC. Results: 1. Botanical characteristics: Magnolia officinalis had one seed and a white flower, while M. obovata had two seeds and a white flower. Machilus thunbergii had berry and spherical fruits and yellowish green panicles. 2. External characteristics: M. officinalis and M obovata were dark and thick. M. officinalis was gray brown and greasy while M. obovata was light-gray, less oily and smoothly sectioned. Machilus thunbergii was thin and relatively light or yellow-brown, coarsely sectioned and faintly specific scents. 3. Internal characteristics: The bast parts of M. officinalis and M. obovata were commonly wider than Machilus thunbergii The cork cortex of M. officinalis was $10{\sim}mg/L$ cell layers with many oil cells, while that of M. obovata was $4{\sim}7$ cell layers with less oil cells. Machilus thunbergii's xylem which consisted of ring-shaped cambium at 1st and 2nd part was occupied in large portion. 4. Physicochemical pattern: Both M. officinalis and M. obovata involved honokiol and magnolol. All kinds of M. officinalis involved Magnatriol B but one kind of M. ovobata and all of Machilus thunbergii didn't. Machilus thunbergii showed different pattern of chromatogram from that of 2 species above. Conclusions: These results could be used as standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex and as the method of objectification in medicinal herbs giving the basic resource for bioactivity research.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

목 적 : FFF(Flatterning Filter Free)빔을 이용한 방사선치료계획 시 불균질 부위에서 TPS상의 선량분포와 실제측정 선량분포를 비교하여 TPS의 선량계산 알고리즘 AAA(Analytic anisotropic algorithm)의 불균질부 교정의 정확성을 검증하려한다. 대상 및 방법 : Solid water팬텀과 Cork, 파라핀으로 자체 제작한 흉부종양팬텀을 이용하여 종양의 위치별(반도형태/섬형태), 크기별 ($2cm{\time}2cm{\time}2cm/4cm{\time}4cm{\time}4cm$)로 각각 치료계획용 CT영상을 획득한 후, 본원의 흉부 SABR 치료계획시스템인 Ecilpse의 AAA(Analytic anisotropic algorithm)을 이용하여 6MV 광자선 치료계획을 수립하였다. 본원의 TrueBeam STx(Varian medical system, Palo Alto, CA)를 이용하여 완성된 치료계획에 따라 EBT2 필름을 삽입한 자체제작 흉부종양팬텀에 방사선을 조사하였고, 종양내부 및 경계부에서의 치료계획 선량값과 실제팬텀측정 선량값을 비교 평가 해보았다. 결 과 : 타겟내 중심측에서는 TPS상의 선량값과 측정값의 차이가 1.28~2.7%로 나타났으며, 불균질부를 포함한 타겟의 경계부들에서는 Ant측면에서 2.02%~7.40%, Post측면 4.46%~14.84%, Rt측면 0.98%~7.12%, Lt측면 1.36%~4.08%, Sup측면 2.38%~4.98%, Inf측면 0.94%~3.54%로 차이가 났다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 불균질부 SABR치료 시 FFF빔의 특성과 불균질부의 영향으로 인한 선량계산의 오차가 생길 가능성이 있음을 알게 되었다. 최신의 방사선 치료방법 중 가장 각광받고 있는 SABR치료는 환자에게 적은 횟수로 고선량의 방사선을 조사하기 때문에 고도의 정확성이 요구되는 만큼 불균질부와 같은 장기특성과 FFF빔의 선량분포의 특성을 더욱 연구하여 치료계획 알고리즘에 적용해야 치료계획 시 발생하는 오류를 최소화 하여 최적의 치료를 시행할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

본 연구는 전산치료선량계획장치에서 중첩(Superposition)법을 사용해 비균질성 조직층을 통한 교정선량을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 조직등가물질로는 폐조직으로 콜크($\rho=0.2\;g/cc$)를, 근조직에는 n-Glucose, 골조직에는 $K2HPO4$를 사용한 시료의 전자밀도를 구하였으며, CT영상은 110 KVp와 130 KVp X선을 주사해서 얻고 CT번호(H)와 전자밀도의 함수관계를 조사하였다. 물에 대한 전자밀도비는 컴퓨터선량계획에 중요한 변수이므로 CT번호에 대응된 전자밀도비를 입력하고, 선량확인을 위해 펜텀 구성은 폴리스탈린 고체 펜텀 사이에 5.0 cm 층의 시료를 삽입하고 깊이 12.0 cm와 20.0 cm의 조직 선량을 구하여 실측과 비교하였다. 실험결과 CT번호-전자밀도비는 광전효과 현상에 영향을 크게 받게 되어 원자번호가 높은 재질에서 비선형적으로 나타났으며, 130 KVp에서 근조직에는 0.001026H+1.00을, 골조직에는 0.000304H+1.07을 얻었다. 균질 근조직에서 컴퓨터선량과 실측선량을 비교한 결과 중첩법과 FFT 콘볼루션(convolution) 법에서 6, 15 MV X선 모두 1.0% 오차 범위내에 있었으며, 폐조직층 통과한 경우 중첩법은 6 MV X선에서 평균 -1.2%, 골조직에는 평균 -2.9%를 보였고, 15 MV X선에서 2.7%와 2.2%를 얻었으며, FFT콘볼루션법은 6 MV X선에서 폐조직 2.8%, 골조직 -5.0%를 보였고, 15MV X선에서는 각각 6.0%, 0.2%를 보여 중첩법에 의한 치료계획선량이 신뢰성이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 실험을 통해 저자들은 각 임상기관에서 사용하고 있는 CT는 일정하지 않고 교정이 필요한 장비이므로, 발전된 치료계획시스템에 적용하고 있는 CT번호-전자밀도비에 대한 정기적인 확인이 필요하며, FFT 콘볼루션법에 비해 빔의 확산방향에 일치된 커널빔을 사용한 중첩법에서 오차가 적음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

정향, 감, 오배자, 황벽, 치자, 홍화황 및 아나토와 같은 천연 식물로부터 얻어진 색소 추출물의 항산화 및 항비만 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 오배자 추출물에서 2,441.45 mg/kg으로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 정향 추출물에서 1,346.48 mg/kg으로 높았다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 및 환원력을 이용한 항산화 활성은 오배자 추출물에서 가장 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase에 대한 저해 활성은 감 추출물에서 ($IC_{50}=22.83{\mu}g/mL$) 가장 높았고, 다음으로 오배자 추출물에서 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 및 lipase에 대한 저해 활성 역시 감 추출물 처리 시 각각 49.45% 및 61.01%로 높은 활성을 보였다. $20{\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 처리 시 3T3-L1 세포 내 지방 축적율은 감, 정향 및 아나토 추출물 처리군에서 각각 81.54%, 83.36% 및 85.70%로 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 3T3-L1 세포 내 triglyceride 함량은 정향 추출물 처리군이 66.11%로 가장 낮았고 다음으로 감 추출물 처리 군에서 88.88%로 유의적으로 낮았다. 천연식물류로부터 추출한 색소 원료 중 오배자 추출물이 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, 감 추출물은 소화효소 저해 활성과 3T3-L1 세포 내의 지방 축적 억제 효과를 가짐으로써 항비만 활성을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was conducted to ascertain the difference between impinger and passive sampling methods in the process of sampling and analyzing on airborne formaldehyde. Formaldehyde generating workplaces included in this study comprised four types of manufacturing industry such as two workplaces of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials manufacturing industries, one casting metal manufacturing industry, and one parts and accessories for motor vehicles and it′s engines manufacturing industry. Workplaces contained in this study were located in some manufacturing area of Busan industrial complex and this study was carried out during a period from January 2003 to December 2004. Analytical accuracy, precision and detection limit of two methods was compared. Exposure level of its airborne concentration was evaluated in formaldehyde generating workplaces those were classified by types of industry, working process, and time. The results were as follows ; 1. A rate of recovery was 107.1% in impinger method and 101.8% in passive method, and precision was 7.79% in impinger method and 4.40% in passive method. There was no statistical significance in analytical accuracy and precision between two methods. A limitation of detection was 0.011 ppm in passive method which was lower than that of impinger method (0.020 ppm) by 1.8 times. 2. Airborne formaldehyde concentration of impinger method was different from passive method. It′s concentration by passive method was higher by 5.1 times than that by impinger method in the parts and accessories for motor vehicles and it′s engines manufacturing industry (P<0.05). Only in molding process among several types of processes, formaldehyde concentration in passive method was higher by 5.1 times than that in impinger method (P<0.05). Furthermore, formaldehyde concentration in passive method was higher by 1.7 times than that in impinger method (P<0.05) in the first half of year 2003. 3. The geometric mean of formaldehyde concentration in impinger method was lower than that in passive method, but there was no statistical significance of formaldehyde concentration by the difference of sampling method. In conclusion, it is difficult to conclude which is better between the two sampling methods because of no statistical significance for the difference of concentration. Because of lacks of certified passive sampling and analytical method, at present situation, studies on verification of accuracy and precision, obstructive reaction against validity on its exposure assessment, and research to develop domestically manufactured passive sampler in terms of cost-effectiveness should be continuously carried out.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2006

This study aimed to prepare the fundamental data and assess the status and trend of exposure level for 5 chemical substances such as sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, formaldehyde and phenol in manufacturing industry by type of industry, working process, and size of factory, chronological change. Subjects related to this study consist of 146 factories, 12 industries and 17 working processes located in Busan area from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2001. 1. All 5 kinds of chemical substances by type of industry, working process were generated in chemical manufacturing industry. There were founded in 8 types of industries and 13 types of working processes for ammonia, which is the highest number of in all 5 chemical substances. 2. In terms of the exposure level for 5 chemical substances by type of industry, working process, geometric mean concentration for sulfuric acid was $0.40mg/m^3$ in manufacture of chemicals and chemical products, $0.30mg/m^3$ in compounding process, for hydrogen chloride was 0.57 ppm in manufacture of basic metal, 0.48 ppm in dyeing process, for ammonia was 1.11 ppm in manufacture of rubber and plastic products, 0.94 ppm in buffing process, for formaldehyde was 0.49 ppm in manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles straw and plating materials, 0.53 ppm in mixing process, and for phenol were 0.53 ppm in manufacture of chemical and chemical products, 0.55 ppm in compounding process, respectively. Results for 5 chemical substances by type of industry and working process were significantly higher than those of the others(p<0.05). 3. The exposure level for hydrogen chloride, formaldehyde were significantly increased by size of industry (p<0.01). ammonia was significantly decreased by size of industry (p<0.01). 4. In trend of the concentration difference of five chemical substances by chronology, geometric mean concentration for sulfuric acid was significantly increased (p<0.01), hydrogen chloride and ammonia were significantly decreased by year (p<0.05) and for formaldehyde and phenol were decreased in chronological change. According to the above results 5 chemical substances were founded together in a way mixed in the same places one another and concentrations of chemical substances by industry, working process, size of industry and year appeared markedly. The authors recommend more systemic and effective work environmental management should be conducted in workplaces generating five chemical substances.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2014

Natural Monument is a designated cultural property as part of the country. According to Article 2 of the Cultural Properties Protection Act, a national, ethnic and global heritage artificially or naturally formed, with a great historical, artistic, scientific and landscape significance is defined as a cultural heritage. Animals, plants, topography, geology, minerals, caves, biological products and special natural phenomena, having a great of historic, scenic and scientific value, are defined as the monument. According to Article 3 of Cultural Properties Protection Act, the conservation, management and utilization of National Heritage should be kept intact in its original form. So, Natural monuments are managing as retained its original form under the Basic Principles of current law. The highest population of coniferous tree in natural monument plant is ginkgo tree including 22 objects, followed by pines, junipers that order. And in case of broadleaf tree, there are zelkova trees, retusa fringe trees, pagoda trees, cork oaks, silver magnolias and etc. There are many of reported efficacy in available natural monument plants. The efficacy of plant species on pharmaceutical like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective, improves cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and anti-bacterial efficacy, on cosmetics and beauty like the inhibiting formation of skin wrinkles, whitening effect, variety of materials and the efficacy of the proposed utilization of its various papers and etc have been widely reported. Before the Nagoya Protocol enters into force, the future role of the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Administration of Cultural Heritage should be obtain a legal right to manage the social, cultural and national natural monument with emotional value to the plant genetic resource as a natural monument efficient ways to study and preserve traditional knowledge biological resources by securing a claim to the sovereignty of the material will be ready.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Streptococcus produces energy and forms extracellular polysaccharides by metabolizing sucrose. Insoluble glucan, a kind of extracellular polysaccharide, is the important material of dental plaque. Fructose affects the metabolism of sucrose. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fructose on the metabolism of sucrose in Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods: To determine the effect of fructose on the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, S. mutans and fructose were placed in beakers containing M17 broth and sucrose. The wires were hung on frameworks inserted into cork stoppers, and then immersed in each of the beakers. After the incubation with gentle shaking, each wire was weighed. To analyze the effect of fructose on the sucrose metabolism by S. mutans or glucosyltransferase, S. mutans and fructose were placed in M17 broth containing sucrose. After the incubation. the remaining sucrose and polymers were analysed by thin layer chromatography. Results: The following results were obtained; 1. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing 3% sucrose for 8 hours, the mean weight of formed artificial plaque on the wires was $124.3{\pm}3.0mg$, whereas being reduced to $20.7{\pm}10.2mg$ in the media added with 3% sucrose and 4% fructose(p<0.05) 2. When the control containing glucose was added with sucrose, the optical density of Streptococcus mutans solution cultured for 24 hours was not increased compared with the control, while being increased by adding with fructose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated in the media added with sucrose and fructose for 8 hours, the number of viable cells was increased compared with the media added with sucrose. 4. The amount of remained sucrose was increased in Streptococcus mutans culture supernatant of media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only. but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased. 5. The amounts of remained sucrose and produced soluble glucan were increased in the culture of glucosyltransferase-contained media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only, but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased . Conclusion: These results indicated that the sucrose metabolism and the production of insoluble glucan were inhibited in Streptococcus mutans by adding fructose in the media containing sucrose.