• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2015

In India, continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water from Solar power and desalination plant plays a major role in the industries. Particularly in Copper industry, Solar power adopts Solar field collector combined with thermal storage system and steam Boiler, Turbine & Generator (BTG) for electricity production and desalination plant adopts Reverse osmosis (RO) for sweet/potable water production which cannot be used for long hours of power generation and consistency of energy supply for industrial processes and power generation cannot be ensured. This paper presents an overview of enhanced technology for Solar power and Desalination plant for Copper industry making it continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.438-440
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• 1997

A continuous fermentation system employing immobilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied for the mass production of ethanol. Ethanol production by cells immobilized with Ca-alginate was better than those by cells immobilized with K-carrageenan. Maximum ethanol production employing a continuous system by cells immobilized with Ca-alginate was 77.5 $g.l^{-1}h^{-1}$ at a dilution rate of 1.85 $h^{-1}$ with 82% conversion rate for Z. mobilis while that was 40.2 $g.l^{-1}h^{-1}$ at a dilution rate of 0.92 $h^{-1}$ with 85% conversion rate for S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that Ca-alginate is a better cell immobilization matrix than K-carrageenan and that immobilized cells of Z. mobilis are more efficient than S. cerevisiae for ethanol production.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1985

Continuous production of hydrogen by Ca alginate-immobilized photosynthetic bacteria was studied in a packed-bed bioreactor. The dilution rate and input concentration of carbonaces substrate were selected as operating parameters. To choose the strain for immobilization, hydrogen productivities of Rhodopseudomonas caposulata 10006 and Rhodospirillum rubrum KS-301 were compared through preliminary batch cultures of their free cells: the former was found to show better hydrogen productivity in spite of its lower specific growth rate. For the continuous production of hydrogen by immobilized R capsulata, the optimum dilution rate was about 0.84 h$^{-1}$ . The Immobilized tells gave better hydrogen yield and conversion efficiency than free ones. And a kinetic parameter K'$_{m}$ was determined for the packed-bed bioreactor, being practically constant for a specific range of dilution rates.s.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Chlorella are source of valuable compounds as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, bioactive compounds. To continuous obtain the high-value materials of Chlorella protothecoides, we performed continuous cultivation after applying milking techniques to C. protothecoides grown with culture for 7 days in optical panel bioreactor (OPBR) system. Fatty acid and lutein in extracts from pre- and post-milking of C. protothecoides were analyzed using gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. C. protothecoides were rich in unsaturated fatty acids with a high content of oleic acid(C18:1), which is suitable as a biofuel feedstock. The fatty acid content in pre- and post-milking of C. protothecoides was decreased from 126.424mg/g d.w. to 119.341mg/g d.w, and the lutein content decreased from 0.258mg/g d.w. to 0.178mg/g d.w. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of milking C. protothecoides for production of lipids for biofuels production. It was confirmed that microalgae can continuously obtain lutein present in a trace amount through a continuous culture from milking.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2001

The continuous production of L -proline was studied using L-histidine auxotrophic mutant of Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum under various substrate limited conditions. Among the $NH_4\;^+$ $PO_4\;^3$ and L -histidine limited conditions, the highest production of L -proline was observed under the L-histidine limited condition. Under $NH_4\;^+$ and $PO_4\;^3$ limited conditions, no or poor L-proline production was observed, respectively. For the kinetic parameters under L -histidine limitation the specific rate of L -proline production was increased with dilution rate upto $0.1hr^{-1}$ but decreased above $0.1hr^{-1}$. The volumetric rate of L -proline production was showed similar pattern with specific rate. The dried cell weight was gradually increased according to decrease the dilution rate. Specific rate of glucose consumption was proportionally increased with dilution rate. The results of continuous culture (higher production of L-proline at dilution rate $0.1hr^{-1}$) will be used in fed-batch culture for the control of cell growth rate and mass production of L-proline.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.716-721
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• 1999

It has been known that continuous cultivation of hairy root is difficult to maintain for a long period of time compared to the microbial and callus cultures. Chemostat cultivation was successfully carried out in order to economically produce a plant-based colorant, betacyanin, from red beet hairy root for more than 85 days in a 14-1 fermentor. The result from the chemostat cultivation was compared to those of the batch and fed-batch cultivations of red beet hairy roots. It was shown that hairy root reached its steady state within 50 days of the cultivation, and then maintained for about 25-30 days in a wide range of dilution rates. Total betacyanin production from the continuous process was also calculated to be 2.65g at 0.28(l/d) of dilution rate, compared to 0.196g from fed-batch cultivation. It was found that betacyanin production was a partially growth related process, yielding 0.376 mg/g-fresh wt. cell and $1.89{\times}10^{-5}$ mg/g-fresh wt. cell/d, with 0.92 of correlation factor in a partial growth-product model. It was also shown that the cell growth required was relatively large for maintenance amount of energy at a low dilution rate. The growth of hairy root was inhibited by high light intensity in following a photo-inhibition model. The growth parameters were estimated to be 0.3(l/d), $10.56kcal/\textrm{m}^2/h$,{\;}and{\;}35.81kcal/\textrm{m}^2/h$ for the maximum specific growth rate, half saturation light intensity, and inhibition light intensity, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 2004

Reuterin production efficiency of Lactobacillus reuteri, which converts glycerol into reuterin (antimicrobial substance) under anaerobic condition, was examined. When compared at $32,\;37,\;and\;42^{\circ}C$, production rate and total amount produced increased with increasing incubation temperature. Reuterin production terminated earlier at $42^{\circ}C$ than at $32\;and\;37^{\circ}C$. Presence of various amino acids in the reaction mixture generally decreased reuterin production, whereas proline did not inhibit reuterin production. A continuous-type reactor in which glycerol was passed through the chamber containing L. reuteri cells produced greater amount of reuterin than when batch-type process was used.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2006

In this study, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin were found to be better carbon sources for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001. Maximal production of pullulan with 200 g/l sucrose as a carbon source was 54.2 g/l. The highest yield of pullulan from sucrose was 0.40, when the sugar concentration was 100 g/1. Optimal conditions for the continuous production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 in a 7-1 bioreactor were determined by studying the effects of composition of feed solution, dilution rate, and concentration of sucrose in the feed solution. Pullulan concentration and productivity with 100 g/l glucose and 2.5 g/l yeast extract were 38.1 g/l and 0.53 g/l h for 72 h, respectively, in a batch culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the substituted medium contained 100 g/l sucrose, 2.5 g/l yeast extract, and mineral salts, which is the same composition as the medium for the production of pullulan, the pullulan concentration and productivity were 74.9 g/l and 0.55 g/l h for 120 h, respectively. The production of pullulan at the steady state increased with a dilution rate up to 0.015/h, and its concentration was 78.4 g/l with a weight average molecular weight ($M_w$) of $4.0{\times}10^5$. Unlike a batch culture, however, the decline of the $M_w$ and the number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of pullulan was not found in the continuous culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the concentration of sucrose in the feed solution was 200 g/l, 113.5 g/l of pullulan was obtained at the steady state. The steady state was maintained longer in the continuous culture fed with the feed solution containing 200 g/l sucrose than when fed with the feed solutions containing either 100 or 150 g/l sucrose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.36
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• pp.93-103
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• 1995

This paper des with an economic production quantity model with partial backorders for the situation in which production lead time is deterministic and demand during lead time follows a continuous distribution. In the model, an objective function is formulated In minimize an average annual inventory cost. And then the procedure of iterative solution method for the model is developed to find both production reorder point and production quantity. Finally, sensitivity analysis for various partial backorder ratios and standard deviations of demand during production lead time are presented.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2006

In this study, the growth kinetics of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactic acid production in continuous culture were assessed at a range of dilution rates $(0.05 h^{-1}\;to\;0.40h^{-1})$ using a 2L stirred tank fermenter with a working volume of 600ml. Unstructured models, predicated on the Monod and Luedeking-Piret equations, were employed to simulate the growth of the bacterium, glucose consumption, and lactic acid production at different dilution rates in continuous cultures. The maximum specific growth rate of L. rhamnosus, ${\mu}_{max}$, was estimated at $0.40h^{-1}$I, and the Monod cell growth saturation constant, Ks, at approximately 0.25g/L. Maximum cell viability $(1.3{\times}10^{10}CFU/ml)$ was achieved in the dilution rate range of $D=0.28h^{-1}\;to\;0.35h^{-1}$. Both maximum viable cell yield and productivity were achieved at $D=0.35h^{-1}$. The continuous cultivation of L. rhamnosus at $D=0.35h^{-1}$ resulted in substantial improvements in cell productivity, of 267% (viable cell count) that achieved via batch cultivation.