• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.27
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• pp.169-208
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• 2011

In this thesis, I pursued how the concept of documentary photography in Korea was formed, and how Koreans perceive the current mix of some concepts and how they are tracked that. Korean photography society, directly or indirectly, accepted the concept and format of documentary photography of the United States in which information and discussion of the history and concept by examining the process of being transferred to Korea are examined. Giroksajin(記錄寫眞) is a translation word of documentary photography which was a part of documentary movements in the United States of the 1930s, and are all based on that concept. When we order Korean documentary photography and the subject matter must be distinct, attitude toward the things should be based on the exact perceptions of this age awareness, to be able to give enough information, and finally moved forward to move the human emotion must be. When this condition is equipped with the photographers and archivists perspective is revealed clearly the social and historical records that are meaningful. Documentary photography is the subject of the photographers and archivists that want to record the important things, but what you can get in the records and the question of how to use it is also important. Korean documentary photography, not only records the things, just to have a meaningful supplement to get done the exact context of information production and led to the conclusion that the strengthening of documentation strategies.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

Biochar application to soil is widely known to have effects of climate change mitigation and soil quality improvement. However, effects of biochar on soil ecosystem are not always positive and some biochars are reported to contain toxic materials which might influence soil ecosystem. In this context, this study aims to investigate behavioral changes of earthworms(Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei) in response to different application rates of biochar to artificial soil. Treatment included two types of biochars made from rice husk (RH_Char) and wastewater sludge (SL_Char) with 1% and 10% application rates, respectively. Avoidance test revealed that earthworms did not avoid SL_Char treatments at 1% and 10%, while they rather moved to the RH_Char treatments probably due to higher labile carbon content(Hot water extractable carbon) of the RH_Char. The HWC content of RH_Char was 4 times higher than that of the SL_Char. Results of reproduction test showed that the survival rates, number of juveniles and number of cocoons were not influenced by biochar application except for the treatment of SL_Char at 10% rate. In the SL_Char 10% treatment, fatality was approximately 3.3 times as high as the control and the number of cocoons was 1.3 times higher in the same treatment than the control, indicating that earthworms were under environmental stress. The possible explanation for the stress condition was related to higher Cd, Ni, Cr, and As contents in the SL_Char. Overall results imply that biochar application at low rate might not change earthworms' behavior for the short term, while the reproduction behavior might be negatively influenced under the high application rate.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.57
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• pp.125-157
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyse effects of public support for single-parent family for adolescent single-parent who experienced social exclusion and social network. This study utilized a part of National Youth Policy Institute's 'Research on the Actual Condition of the Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth and Rearing Children'. Participants of the study were 262 adolescent single-parents at the age of 24 and below. In order to understand the effect, this study verified the moderating effect of public support for single-parent family in the context of social exclusion and social network on parental attitude and behavior(parenting efficacy, parenting stress, negative parenting behavior). Results of this study are as follows; First, Nearly half of adolescent single-parent has economic hardship in original family and most they lived with preschool children on unemployed state that the average monthly income of them was about 600,000 won. It means that their financial independence difficult. Second, family support was only significant factor for parenting efficacy and positive relationship with family and acquaintances was major influence factor for causing positive parental behavior of adolescent single-parent. As a result, social network was verified more important factor than social exclusion on parental attitude and behavior. Lastly, public support for single-parent family was confirmed as social mitigation mechanism that has the moderating effect of social exclusion and social network on parental attitude and behavior.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.120-145
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• 2016

An understanding of 'original form' plays an important role as it is the starting point of heritage conservation. This paper delineated several types of understanding on 'original form' over times, and aims at analyzing the way how such concepts has provided a platform of repair works of timber buildings in Korea over times. Conservation in Korea was initiated by the attitude of the Japanese authority during the Colonial period and 'restoring into the earliest form', which had been set in the early stage of the Japanese conservation, has strongly influenced on Korean practice during the period. Such attitude has lasted even after the independence of Korea. In Japan, however, the attitude has shifted to taking a careful decision on the alteration of the existing form during the 1930s. In addition, examination and research in the repair work became essential steps to conduct along with the publication of the report of works. In Korea there has been lack of understanding on the importance of examination and research in repair works and the publication of report of the works has not been mandatory so that it has emphasized on the 'form' in conservation aiming at 'restoring the earliest form'. Such attitude has created the problem of replacing original material during the work which should aim at preserving and maintaining heritage in Korea. Because of these circumstances in preserving the architectural cultural properties in Korea, cultural buildings had succeeded in preserving the outer appearance but there are remaining questions on preserving the original states of them. This paper has pointed out that it is necessary to set out the principles of conserving 'original condition' through further study and discussion based on the careful consideration on both the international principles and Korean context.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.461-478
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• 2008

This study attempted to test whether or not students' collaborative argumentation and explanation activity while using concept mapping did improve understanding on texts. Total of 52 college students participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The experiment lasted for two or three weeks and students were tested on comprehension level of a text material that they have studied over the period. As a result, with two independent factors of explanation and collaboration, there was a significant interaction effect without main effects. That is, individual did better when they did have to explain what they were doing. However, this is not the case when students collaborate. Students in the paired condition, they did better when they do not have to explain what they were doing with concept maps. This study showed efficiency with using computerized software does not always guarantee higher understanding on text materials. Instructional contexts and variables, collaboration and explanation, needs to be considered. Collaborating with others and explaining their own learning processes should be carefully designed when they are combined with concept mapping contexts. How to minimize learning obstacles from discussing ideas with others are a critical issue for future research.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.281-302
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• 2018

The role of mind is very important in Xunzi's thought. The way is permanent rule of politics that is under the control of mind which is recognizing organ for both thinking and acknowledging things in his thought. Nevertheless the mind in Xunzi's thought has desire as an organ of body to be controlled. On the other hand, the mind has conflicting two fold aspects in the course of its recognition of things like storage and vacancy, movement and calmness, and two kinds of recognizing opinion against one object. And there are various evils in thinking system of mind. In a sense, the mind of human is to be cleaned and cultivated. Xunzi proposed managing energy and cultivating mind as a thinking system. Mengzi proposed to enliven vast-flowing energy and to cultivate mind through shortening desire, while Xunzi did managing energy and caring about mind for controlling other body systems and publicly recognizing things. In Xunzi's idea the mind in the recognition of things is similar to the water in bowl as a mirror for looking at any things, and thus it is imperative for us to sink grounds in mind for becoming good water mirror. In this need the grounds of human mind would be to be sunk and also the cultivation of it would be to be demanded. Ultimately there should need the recognition of mind that is cleaned and cultivated for brightly discovering the great principle and recovering the unchangeable way with a view to preparing the condition for national peace. This thesis, in this context, to approach the meaning of mind, its two fold aspects, and the necessity of it.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.738-747
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• 2021

Space and place have distinctively different meanings from each other. As virtual reality has become a routine of daily life, placeness concepts have been introduced on discussion tables. Yet, place has not been widely discussed in conceptual approaches Thus, using the concepts of space and place this study attempts to figure out the structure and the processes of how users recognize digital space and give placeness. For the study purpose, it identifies core elements of placeness attribution in digital game places, and then explains the development processes of space into place through characteristics of MDA(Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics)framework. Based on present theoretical concepts and their application process this study also demonstrates the transformation process through which physical space becomes a place in the similar context with a necessary condition in order for a space to be a place. This study confirms that digital games can be transformed into a space that creates placeness in the process. Considering that players' affinity and nostalgia are generated through the placeness acquiring process in digital game space, the processes eventually imply an extension of largely meaningful and influencing contents as digital games induce players' immersion.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.331-338
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• 2022

Successor representation (SR) is a model of human reinforcement learning (RL) mimicking the underlying mechanism of hippocampal cells constructing cognitive maps. SR utilizes these learned features to adaptively respond to the frequent reward changes. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of SR under the context where changes in latent variables of environments trigger the reward structure changes. For a benchmark test, we adopted SR-Dyna, an integration of SR into goal-driven Dyna RL algorithm in the 2-stage Markov Decision Task (MDT) in which we can intentionally manipulate the latent variables - state transition uncertainty and goal-condition. To precisely investigate the characteristics of SR, we conducted the experiments while controlling each latent variable that affects the changes in reward structure. Evaluation results showed that SR-Dyna could learn to respond to the reward changes in relation to the changes in latent variables, but could not learn rapidly in that situation. This brings about the necessity to build more robust RL models that can rapidly learn to respond to the frequent changes in the environment in which latent variables and reward structure change at the same time.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Suicide is the leading cause of death among Korean adolescents. There is a growing interest in the role of loneliness as a risk factor for suicide ideation and depressive symptoms. However, little is known in the Korean context. This study analyzed a total of 109,796 respondents from the Korea Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2020 and 2021. Multiple logistic regression models were implemented to test the association between loneliness and either of suicidal ideation and depressive mood. Covariates included demographic characteristics, school enrolled, household income, living arrangement, self-rated health, and the number of times treated for violence. Adjusted odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. 12.0% of adolescents reported to have felt lonely frequently and 3.0% always. 11.8% and 26.0% had suicidal ideation and depressive mood, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher in the always-lonely adolescents (52.6%) than in the frequently-lonely adolescents (35.1%). The always-lonely adolescents were nearly 30 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR=30.7; 95% CI, 27.1 - 34.8) and to feel depressed (OR=32.5; 95% CI, 29.2 - 36.4) than adolescents who felt never lonely. In conclusion, Loneliness was a major risk factor for suicidal ideation and depressive mood among Korean adolescents. Monitoring and addressing the condition of loneliness may help reduce suicidal ideation and depressive mood.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-234
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• 2013

This study was performed to clarify 'jajonshim' which is different from self-esteem in its social representation and concept in Korean society. In order to refine the notion of 'jajonshim', we first referred to literature and short essay on jajonshim and analyzed its cultural meaning and social representation in Korea. As a result, jajonshim was considered necessary condition for human beings in Korean culture. Although jajonshim was not well recognized normally, it became critical when it was threatened by others and considered to be what one must save as well. Furthermore, the ground theory designed by Strauss and Corbin was utilized in order to analyze Korean interviewees' experience of jajonshim. Koreans believed that their jajonshim was injured when others disrespected their values, which consequently produced negative emotions. When their jajonshim was damaged, people also used 3 coping strategies to recover it. Based on the results, jajonshim was distinguished from self-esteem. First, jajonshim is a type of self-awareness people experience when they are disrespected; thus, it is different from self-esteem which is maintained stable regardless of any events or situations. Second, unlike self-esteem which is solely evaluated by oneself, jajonshim is evaluated by other people's point of view. This study shows that jajonshim exists in the context of Korean culture and has significance in clarifying the cognitive structure and experience process of jajonshim.