• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.658-666
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• 2008

본 연구는 충남지역 초등학생을 대상으로 채소와 과일섭취 증진을 위한 행동 변화 단계별 비타민과 무기질 섭취 상태를 비교해 보고자 2007년 4월 19일부터 5월 1일까지 충남 연기군 1개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 남자 122명, 여자 134명, 총 256을 대상으로 조사하였다. 조사대상 아동의 채소와 과일 섭취 행동 변화 단계의 구분은 설문에 의해 현재보다 더 먹으려고 생각하는가, 계획하는가, 실천하는가를 순차적으로 예나 아니오로 답하게 하여 고려전, 고려 및 준비, 행동의 3단계로 분류하였다. 1) 자신의 건강상태에 대해 좋다, 보통이다, 나쁘다로 답하게 하였을 때 고려 및 준비 단계에 있는 아동에서 건강상태가 '좋다'는 응답이 35.9%로 다른 단계에 비해 높았다. 영양제를 '항상 섭취 한다'고 답한 대상자가 고려전 단계에 있는 아동의 45.8%로 다른 두 군보다 높았다. 2) BMI 85백분위수 미만에서는 남아가 여아에 비해 고려전 단계에 속한 비율이 높고 고려 및 준비단계 이상에 속한 비율이 낮았다. 3) 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 행동 단계의 아동에서 비타민 C 섭취량 (p < 0.05)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 4) 여아에서는 행동 변화 단계가 진전됨에 따라 평균필요량 미만 섭취자의 비율이 비타민 B2 (p < 0.05)와 비타민 C 섭취 (p < 0.05)에서 낮게 나타났으나 남아에서는 행동 변화단계간에 섭취부족자의 비율에 차이를 내는 영양소가 없었다. 5) 행동 변화 단계에 따른 식품 섭취 상태는 채소류 (p < 0.01)와 김치 (p < 0.05)섭취량이 행동 단계의 대상자에서 다른 단계보다 높았고, 난류에서도 행동 변화 단계의 진전에 따라 섭취량이 점차 높아졌다. 본 연구 결과 행동 변화 단계에 따라서 김치와 채소류의 섭취량이 행동전 단계에서는 차이가 없었으나 행동단계에서 증가하였고, 비타민 C의 섭취량도 행동단계에서 확실하게 증가하였다. 또한 다른 비타민과 무기질도 증가하는 경향을 보였으므로 아동들의 비타민과 무기질 섭취를 증진시키기 위해서는 채소와 과일섭취 행동변화단계를 높일수 있는 방안에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

In this paper, the study model, which presents the patterns of how the changing mechanisms are adopted to the changing stages of smoking cessation, was developed by modifying the integrative model of Prochaska et al. (1983) with including seven changing mechanisms which were identified by Oh and Kim(1996). Then the developed study model was exploratively tested with 155 University student between 20 and 29 years of age as subjects. According to the study results. among the five mechanisms. which are significant in explaining the differences between stages. DUNCAN post-comparison showed that the least applied ones were Stimulus Control, Self Determinism, Cognitive Restructuring in the precomplation stage, and Reinforcement and Dramatic Relief. in the relapsed stage. In the comtemplation stage. it was observed that Dramatic Relief is used most frequently and that the other two mechanisms, Information Management and Cognitive Restructuring, showed different results from those inferred in the study hypothesis. In the case of Information Management, it was excluded from the analysis it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages, but Cognitive Reconstruction turns out to be a more frequently used mechanism in the action stage rather than in the comtemplation stage. Helping Relationship was also excluded in the post-comparison analysis since it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages and Reinforcement was a more frequently used mechanisms in the comtemplation stage. Stimulus Control turns out to be the connecting mechanism which was most frequently used in both the contemplation and action stages. Self Determination was most frequently used in the action stage rather than in both the comtemplation stage and action stage, differing from the presumption of the model. Lastly, subjects in the relapsed stage were utilizing Stimulus Control and Self Determination at the same level as subjects in the precontemplation stage. and the utilization of both Reinformcement and Dramatic Relief was lower than that of the precomtemplation stage, that is, at the lowest level. Only Cognitive Restructuring was used of the same level as the comtemplation stage. The relapsed stage in this study did not represent the preparation for action stage as presumed in the model of Prochaska et. al. (1983) but did show a pattern similar to the initial stage of smoking cessation. However, since this interpretation about the relapser was based on only a small number of relapsers(n=5), this conclusion may not be reliable.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.592-602
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare nutrient intakes regarding stages of change in dietary fiber increasing behavior. Subjects were consisted of healthy 383 college students (2S0 females and 133 males) in Kyunggi-Do. Stages of change classified by an algorithm based on 6 items were designed each subjects into one of the 5 stages: precontemplation (PC), contemplation (CO), preparation (PR), action (AC), maintenance (MA). Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hr recall method. Regarding the S stages of changes, PR stage comprised the largest group $(39.4\%)$, followed by AC $(33.7\%)$, MA$(14.6\%)$, PC$(7.6\%)$, CO$(34.7\%)$. Female were more belong to either AC or MA. The higher stage of change in dietary fiber increasing behavior, the higher self-efficacy. In all male and female, there were no differences in energy, protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol intakes across the 5 stages. But, fiber, postassuim (K), vitamin A and vitamin C intakes of AC or MA were higer than those of PC, CO and PR $Energy\%$ from fat of $PR(25.4\~26.5\%)$ was higher than $20\%$, and those of AC and MA was lower than the other groups. Dietary P/S and ${\varepsilon}6/{\varepsilon}$ 3 ratios of AC and MA were similar to the recommended ratio. Female of PR had the most total saturated fat and palmitic acid and those of MA had the least. Male of PR had the least $\alpha-LNA\;({\varepsilon}3)$ and total ${\varepsilon}3$ fatty acids and those of MA had the most. In male and female in AC or MA, fiber and K intakes from breakfast, dinner and snack and vitamin C intakes from all meals were higher than those of the other stages. These results of our study confirm differences in stages of change in fiber intake in terms of nutritional status. To have lower $energy\%$ from fat, higher intakes of K, fiber and vitamins, desirable ratio of dietary fatty acids, it needs consistent nutritional education leading to the AC or MA of fiber increasing behavior.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.80-98
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• 2006

This study originated from following questions. What can we understand the conception of deconstruction, which has been the core idea of new discourses developed in various ways since modernism? How can this question be interpreted in landscape design? What is the conceptional frame of integration the prominent hybrid post-genre movements and phenomena? The frame can be epitomized with the deconstruction phenomenon. 'Deconstruction' is the core conception appeared in late or post-modern ages in the embodiment of modernity and can be viewed as an integrating or a hybrid phenomenon between areas or genres in formative arts. Therefore, the author regards the hybrid movements widely witnessed in the post contemporary formative arts as one of the most important indicators of de-constructive signs. It is safe to say that the phenomenon of this integration or hybridism, of course, does not threaten the identity of landscape design but serves as an opportunity to extend the areas of landscape design. One of the consequences of this integration or hybridism is the voluntary participation of users who have been alienated in the production of the meanings of design works and hybrid landscape design with the hybridization of genres that is characterized with transformation in forms. This view is based on the distinction between hybridization of interactions between the designer (the subject) and the user (the object), and hybridization of synesthesia. Generally speaking, this is an act of destroying boundaries of the daily life and arts. At the same time, it corresponds to vanishing of modern aesthetics and emerging of post-contemporary aesthetics which is a new aesthetic category like sublimeness. This types of landscape design tries to restore humans' sensibility and perceptions restrained by rationality and recognition in previous approach and to express non-materialistic characteristics with precaution against excessive materialism in the modern era. In light of these backgrounds, the study aims to suggest the hybrid concept and to explorer a new landscape design approach with this concept, in order to change the design structure from 'completed' or 'closed' toward 'opened' and to understand the characteristics of interactions between users and designs. This new approach is expected to create an open-space integrating complexity and dynamics of users. At the same time, it emphasizes senses of user' body with synesthesia and non-determination. The focus is placed on user participation and sublimity rather than on aesthetic beauty, which kind of experience is called simulacre. By attaching importance to user participation, the work got free from the material characteristics, and acceptance from the old practice of simple perception and contemplation. The boundaries between the subject and object and the beautiful and ordinary, from the perspective of this approach, are vanished. Now everything ordinary can become an artistic work. Western dichotomy and discrimination is not effective any more. And there is 'de-construction' where there is perfect equality between ordinary daily life and beautiful arts. Thus today's landscape design pays attention to the user and uses newly perceived sensitivity by pursing obscure and unfamiliar things rather than aesthetic beauty. Space is accordingly defined to take place accidentally as happening and event, not as volume of shape. It's the true way to express spatiality of landscape design. That's an attempt to reject conventional concepts about forms and space, which served as the basis for landscape design, and to search for new things.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.437-447
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• 2020

본 연구는 범이론적 모형을 적용하여 간호여대생의 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 변화과정, 의사결정균형, 자기효능감 및 사회적지지 간의 관련성을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 일개 간호학과 재학생 223명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집한 후 IBM SPSS 21.0 program으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 대상자의 운동행동 변화단계는 계획전단계 17.9%, 계획단계 54.3%, 준비단계 16.6%, 행동단계 4.5%, 유지단계 6.7%이었다. 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 변화과정에서 의식고양, 극적전환, 자아재평가, 사회적해방, 대체행동형성, 협력관계, 강화관리, 자아해방, 자극통제와 의사결정균형의 운동이득요인, 운동장애요인 그리고 자기효능감은 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 그러나 사회적지지는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 범이론적 모형은 간호여대생의 운동행동을 설명하는데 적합한 이론이며, 본 연구결과는 간호여대생의 운동행동 변화단계를 고려하여 효과적인 운동프로그램을 개발하는데 유용한 정보를 제공해줄 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2001

This study describes the application of the stages of change construct to fat intake by examining the associations of the stages of change with nutritional status and beliefs on health behavior. Data were obtained from apparently healthy 596 adults(326 females and 270 males) residing in large cities. Stages of change assessed by an algorithms based on 6 items were designed each subject into one of the 5 stages: precontemplation(PC), contemplation(CO), preparation(PR), action(AC) and maintenance(MA). Beliefs on health behavior were assessed by self efficacy as well as 4 belief scales from the Locus of Illness Control(LIC) developed using factor analysis such as internal disease cure and prevention and external disease cure and prevention. Energy and fat intakes were measured by a 39 item short form food frequency questionnaire. Regarding the 5 stages of change, MA stage comprised the largest group(37.9%), followed by Ac(30.7%), PC(11.4%), CO(10.4%) and PR(9.6%). Subjects who were females, older or healthier were more likely to belong to either AC or MA. Stage assignment of individuals was corroborated by their nutritional variables. Those in PC had the most energy and fat and those in MA ate the least for females. BMI was higher in PR than any other stages for both males and females. Those in PC were distinctive in that they were more externally oriented in terms of health control showing higher scores on external disease prevention(for males) and external disease cure(for females), and lower score on internal disease cure. On the other hand, those in MA received the highest scores on internal disease prevention and self efficacy, which suggested that they were more internally oriented. Canonical discriminant function analysis indicated that the 5 stages were importantly discriminated by BMI, self efficacy, internal disease prevention and external disease prevention for males and by fat intake, self efficacy and external disease cure variables for females. The results of our study confirm differences in stages of change in fat intake in terms of nutritional status and beliefs on heath behavior and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition advice. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 222-229, 2001)

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.779-790
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• 2016

본 연구는 중국 고대예술의 이미지 서사와 시각문화에 관한 연구로, 문학과 회화형식이 결합된 복합적인 텍스트와 시각성을 연구대상으로 하였다. 특히 고대예술의 시각적 사유방식과 이시동도(異時同圖)적 표현, 고대의 도상 서사방식과 만화예술의 칸의 상호 해석을 통한 매체적 합일성 그리고 도상서사의 만화적 연원과 현대적 수용방식이다. 중국 고대의 시각에 대한 인식은 전통적인 양식적 형상과 의미적 상징을 포괄한다. 예술의 서사적 이미지로서 도상의 형상적 사유와 시각적 표상은 예술 창작활동 가운데 중요한 의의를 가지며, 예술적 사유 또한 시각적 표상과 분리되어 질 수 없다. 시각적 이미지를 매개로 하는 도상적 서사방식은 일종의 이성적 사고를 지닌 창의적 언어표현이다. 고대예술의 이미지 사유방식과 이시동도적 시공간표현 특징은 일종의 예술적 공간의 시간화로 현대 만화예술의 사유공간으로서 또 다른 조형적 수용방식이다. 이러한 이미지의 서사방식은 새로운 조형미와 매체형식 그리고 문화가치가 결합된 현대인의 대중적 미적욕구와 소통을 필요로 한다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 2009 개정 초등학교 수학과 교육과정에 따른 $\ll$2009 수학 6-1${\gg}$에서 제시하고 있는 각뿔의 외연을 고찰하고 있다. $\ll$2009 수학 6-1${\gg}$에서는 전형적인 각뿔의 겨냥도를 예시하는 외연적 정의 방법을 사용해서 각뿔을 정의하고 있다. $\ll$2009 수학 6-1 교사용 지도서${\gg}$에서는 빗각뿔을 취급할 수밖에 없다고 말하고 있지만, $\ll$2009 수학 6-1${\gg}$에서 예시하고 있는 각뿔의 겨냥도로 보면, 빗각뿔 그리고 밑면의 모양이 정다각형이 아닌 직각뿔이라고 볼 수 있는 것은 사실상 나타나고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 다음의 시사점을 결론으로 제시한다. 첫째, 초등학교 수학에서의 각뿔의 외연에 대한 논의와 그 결과에 대한 동의가 충분히 있어야 한다. 둘째, 교육과정의 의도가 교사용 지도서를 거쳐 교과서에서 구현되는 과정에서 각뿔의 외연이 일관되어야 한다. 셋째, 각뿔과 관련해서 초등교사가 알아야 할 지식에 관해 어느 정도 합의가 있어야 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly. Methods: Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship(F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition(F=7.84,p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition. Conclusion: The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross- sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

이 연구는 서부 영화에서 황야를 재현하는 방식과 그 과정에서 발견되는 미학적 특성을 해석한다. 서부 영화는 자연 경관을 본격적으로 다룬 최초의 영화 장르로서, 시각 재현 매체가 자연 경관을 재현하는 방식의 원형을 보여준다. 서부 영화는 먼저 동부의 황야를 배경으로 제작되다가 이후에 서부의 황야를 포착하였고, 경관의 물리적 특징에 적합한 재현 방식을 통해 독특한 미적 특질을 조직하였다. 서부 영화에서 황야는 카메라에서 먼 거리에 위치하여 시각적 관조의 대상으로 재현되었다. 동부의 숲 경관의 재현은 허드슨 강 화파의 회화 양식의 영향을 받았고, 초월적 숭고의 미학을 구현하였다. 서부의 반건조지대의 재현에서는 높은 지대에서 아래를 내려다보는 하향적 시선이 등장하였고, 이때의 황야는 버크가 정의한 숭고의 특질을 보여준다. 서부의 사막은 한편으로 지면 높이에서 포착되어 지평선이 부재하고 무한함이 강조됨으로써 불모지로서의 황야를 표상하였다. 다른 한편으로 모뉴먼트 밸리는 장엄한 규모와 오랜 시간성의 측면에서 숭고함의 범주에 포섭되고, 광활한 사막에 지평선과 함께 시각적 상징물로서 재현되었다. 서부 영화의 황야 재현 방식에서는 안전한 거리를 두고 경관을 관찰하려는 인간의 생물학적 욕구인 조망과 은신의 관계가 발견되고, 이러한 점에서 서부 영화는 자연 경관의 구성 방식에 관한 원형을 보여준다고 할 수 있다.