• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.957-967
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to find the sub-factors of consumer consciousness toward well-being and to identify the variables influencing their well-being oriented consumer behaviors in the area of dietary life of married women. 579 married women were surveyed by internet portal site azoomma.com. The collected data were treated with the SPSS Windows 12.0 program and analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, oneway ANOVA, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings were summarized as follow: 1. Consumer consciousness toward well-being has four sub-factors; pro-environmental attitude, personal and family health, means of business, and consciousness regarding others. 2. In the multiple regression analysis, concerns of information, price level, consciousness of personal and family health, health status, educational level explained the purchasing behavior about 25.7%. On the other hand, health status, pro-environmental attitude, consciousness of personal and family health, consciousness regarding others, and concerns of information explanined the using behaviors about 17.0%. Pro-environmental attitude, health status, consciousness of personal and family health, consciousness regarding others, and status of employment were effective variables, and explained the disposal behavior about 19.5%.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2017

This study examined the effects of media exposure and involvement on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors. The subjects were 325 female university students in Daejeon and Chungnam Province. The research method was a survey, and the questionnaire was composed of media exposure and involvement, objectified body consciousness, appearance management behaviors, and subjects' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, female university students used mass media for about 3.76 hours a day and showed a high level of media involvement. Second, three factors (body surveillance, body shame, and appearance control belief) emerged regarding objectified body consciousness with female university students showing a high level of objectified body consciousness. Third, six factors (make-up, plastic surgery, weight control, fashion, hair, and skin care) emerged regarding appearance management behaviors with female university students showing high intention to perform various appearance management behaviors. Fourth, media exposure and involvement had important effects on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and media involvement was a more important variable than media exposure. Fifth, objectified body consciousness had important effects on appearance management behaviors. Body shame had more important effects on skin care, weight control, and plastic surgery behaviors, while body surveillance had more important effects on fashion, make-up, and hair management behaviors than other objectified consciousness factors. The implication of this study was that media involvement is a more important variable affecting objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors than media exposure, and among objectified body consciousness dimensions, body shame has important effects on more active appearance management behaviors like weight control and plastic surgery behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to present the direction and the necessity of education on the biomedical ethics the establish desirable ethical view of paramedic students by understanding on the consciousness of students of department of emergency medical technology on biomedical ethics on euthanasia. Method : Data were collected from on 335 students of department of emergency medical technology in 4-year-college located in districts of Chungcheong-do, from March 4 to April 22, 2010. The questionnaire consisted of total 29 items, i.e., 11 items of general characteristics, 11 items of characteristics related to biomedical ethics and 7 items of consciousness on euthanasia. Result : In general characteristics, the first grade showed the most dense distribution of 37.3%, the second grade was 20.0%, the third grade was 20.9% and the fourth grade was 21.8%. In the consciousness of biomedical ethics on euthanasia, the third and the fourth grades showed a higher ratio(${\chi}^2$ = 136.327, p= .000), in comparison with the first and the second grades, the higher year they were, the higher degree of consciousness they had. The consciousness on each item of euthanasia showed significant differences in grade (F = 8.203, p= .000), experience of clinical practice or none (t = 3.731, p= .000), experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 1.997, p = .047) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 8.240, p = .000) regarding 'CPR shall not be required in any cases if a patient wants DNR', in experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 2.452, p= .015) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.725, p = .044) regarding if a patient refuses all treatments, the patient's opinion shall be respected', and in degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.858, p = . 037) regarding 'after determination of DNR, if the family wants a positive treatment, it shall follow the family's request'. Conclusion : It seemed that the differences in consciousness according to grade and experience of clinical practice were influenced by experiences to treat patients in personally. Moreover, it showed that the higher grade they are, the more experience of education they have, the experiences of education had influences on the consciousness. Development of educational programs is required in order to supply accurate knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to lower-grade students the to let them establish ethical views properly, and in order to correct wrong knowledge and to establish ethical views while supplying knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to higher-grade students.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the diverse situations and housing related consciousness affecting baby boom generation's housing and to propose new possible housing alternatives for Korean baby boom generation for their old ages. Surveys were used to conduct 1:1 interviews with the baby boom generation. This study analysed the baby boom generation's housing related consciousness regarding living in old age with/apart from their children, sense of responsibility to their children and parents, expectations of support from their children in old age, current preparedness for old age, reasons for difficulties in realizing plans for housing in old age, and housing values in old age in order to examine this generation's diverse view in relation to preparations for housing in old age. Based on the results of the analysis of variables of housing consciousness in relation to old age by each characteristic of the baby boom generation conducted in investigations of the present study thus explained, housing alternatives in old age were 1)family exchange-type housing in old age 2) multihabitation-type housing in old age 3) housing in old-age with workplaces.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.182-189
• /
• 2010

An exhibition administrator, one who works in the exhibition space of museums and exhibition halls, has carried on various tasks in order to improve the exhibition standard and viewer's satisfaction. Although exhibition administrators have a variety of direct perceptions regarding an exhibition in the actual on-site space, a study on their consciousness was absent. Thus, this study was to comprehend the awareness of how the consciousness of exhibition administrators, who directly understand the various matters regarding the exhibition on-site, was structured and to investigate the difference between the consciousness of exhibition viewers and designers. For the study, Q-Methodology, which can scientifically manage the consciousness such as awareness and the acquired attitudes through individual experiences from a specific group, was applied. The classification of 33 Q-methodology research questions was carried out with 18 exhibition administrators, who are working at either national or public museums and exhibition halls in Korea, and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the QUANL PC program was performed. The results of the analysis provided the following 4 types: 'viewer attraction and exhibition method oriented', 'exhibition standard oriented', 'public relations oriented' and 'the public and government's interest oriented'. Each type showed significant characteristics. Additionally, n showed that 'exhibition standard oriented' was the common type after comparing the type of consciousness among the 3 groups of people, such as an exhibition administrator, an exhibition designer, and a viewer. It indicated that the types of 'public relations oriented' and 'the public and government's interest oriented' from the consciousness category for the exhibition administrator were the most independent type, not being found in any of the other groups. And the Significant correlation between the exhibition viewers and designers was identified after examining the Pearson's correlation among the 3 groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.64 no.5
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2014

This study aims to investigate the effects of ethical consumption consciousness on the attitude of consumers toward purchasing recycled apparel and suggest guidelines to improve awareness and induce purchase on recycled and eco-friendly apparel. The following steps were taken: 1) examination of the status of consumer consciousness on recycled apparel and their usage 2) investigation of how ethical consumption consciousness affects purchase attitude of recycled apparel 3) finding out whether purchase experience of recycled apparel makes a difference in ethical consumption consciousness and purchase attitude. 311 males and females living in the Daegu region were used as subjects. Questionnaires were distributed for around 2 weeks for data collection. A total of 298 surveys were used for analysis due to the other thirteen being excluded for not having quality responses. Collected data were used to perform frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive, regression analysis by using SPSS 18.0 Korean version. Results are as follows: First, regarding the status of consumer consciousness on recycled apparel and their usage, respondents considered convenience as an important factor. On the contrary, factors such as usage, participation intention and positive attitude on recycled apparel were relatively high. Second, regarding how ethical consumption consciousness affects purchase attitude on recycled apparel, the analysis result showed that having consciousness for environmental protection and volunteering significantly affected purchase attitude toward recycled apparel whereas business ethics did not affect it. Third, the responses from the consumers with purchase experience of recycled apparel and consumers without it showed that being conscious of environmental protection significantly affected both groups.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2015

This study has an objective not only to be helpful to the understanding about students' career and employment preparation by investigating the present conditions which are related with vocational consciousness and job values of dental hygiene department graduating students. Study subjects were 350 female graduating students in 3-year-course College, dental hygiene department at five areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon and Gyeongnam. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19.0. Regarding job values, job prospect of dental hygienist is a little developmental (55.2%) and institution hoping to work is dental clinic (43.2%), reasons for employment in major area are good wage and working environment (24.0%). And regarding opinion about job, dental hygienist job is a measure for living income (69.7%). Regarding job selection conditions, 35.0% subjects replied good human relationship. In the questionnaires regarding professional job in vocational consciousness category, results showed high percentages in that 'the occupation is a job in charge of oral health improvement'; regarding academic area, 'scaling should be done better than dentist'; regarding human relationship, 'harmony between colleagues is closely related with job efficiency'; regarding work ethics, 'development of dental hospital (clinic) and dental hygienist is correlated.' In vocational consciousness of study subjects, higher major satisfaction showed significant differences in professional job consciousness and work ethics consciousness (p<0.05) and the correlation results in vocational consciousness areas showed all statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In case that the characteristic in one type is higher among 4 types, all other types showed high characteristics and also showed high general vocational consciousness.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.387-416
• /
• 2001

In an attempt to identify highly probable causes of poor EFL performances, certain intriguing data of 11 common errors collected from 23 university students' listening and reading for correction of a short conversation of three people, with a questionnaire regarding their knowledge of the situational context, were analysed and interpreted within a theoretical framework of consciousness and the intonation unit (Chafe 1974, 1980, 1994), compatible with some important philosophical and psychological theories. The results: situational understanding does not always guarantee good EFL performances; the 11 errors were not attributable to hearing problems; consciousness appropriate for literacy and formal schooling appeared to be the major cause, which was inappropriate for a communicative use of English. Re-shaping of consciousness was suggested, with a warning against the ‘grammar consciousness raising’ approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1333-1345
• /
• 2011

This study establishes public self-consciousness, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and objectified body consciousness as causal variables to identify their direct or indirect effects. This study is an aggregate analysis of existing studies that reveals the relations of how these factors turn to be the image management behaviors. A survey was conducted on 962 women from the ages of 20 to 59 who live in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The data analysis was performed through programs such as AMOS 16.0 and SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The findings are as follows: first, public self-consciousness had a direct effect on the sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and on objectified body consciousness, whereas it affected image management behaviors directly or indirectly. This means that as women become aware of others' attention, they recognize the social importance of appearance, internalize ideal social standards, and observe and evaluate their own bodies from a third person's viewpoint regarding the standards for a body required by society; in addition, these procedures lead them to manage their image behaviors. Second, the sociocultural attitudes toward appearance had a direct influence on objectified body consciousness; however, they had an indirect effect on image management behaviors. This demonstrates that body consciousness plays a role as a mediator between the sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and the image management behaviors. Third, it appeared that objectified body consciousness directly affected image management behaviors. Objectified body consciousness was identified as a causal variable that exerts immediate influence on image management behaviors where the more objectified body consciousness women objectified themselves as the body standards that created further image management behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.127-142
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors of middle aged male consumers according to objectified body consciousness. The subjects were 329 male adults aged from 40 to 59, and measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness, clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, cross tabs analysis, and $x^2$ test using the SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, three factors (body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) emerged on objectified body consciousness. Second, subjects were divided into 2 groups (objectified group and non-objectified group) by objectified body consciousness. Third, these two consumer groups showed many differences regarding clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors. The objectified group showed many more positive clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors than the non-objectified group in terms of purchase motives, selection criteria, information source, purchase place, and purchase cost per month. These results show that objectified body consciousness is a useful variable for understanding adult male clothing and cosmetics purchasing behavior and to segment the male consumer market effectively.