• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2010

This study details the history and characteristics of consumption values, text style analyses, and appeal types expressed in magazine commercials from 1955 to 2008. This study analyzes the level of the social structure of commercial expression for each period. Consumption values based on the categories of consumption values by Sheth (1991) were classified through a total commercials analysis. Analyses on closing types of sentences, types of sentences, and rhetorical figures were executed focusing on headline text and text style. Appealing types were composed of rational, emotional, and ethical appeals. For analysis, the crosstab analysis and chi-square test of SPSS are used. The results are as follow. Seven values were constructed, functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, epistemic value, fashionable value, and indistinct value. The ratio of emotional value was the highest and functional value, epistemic value conditional value, fashionable value, social value, and indistinct value followed. The emotional value social value, conditional value, fashionable value, and epistemic value that focused on the emotion of consumers increased, while the functional value decreased. Sentences that use narrative styles, hyperboles, and metaphors that increased the interest of readers were dominantly used in the headline texts. For sentence expression, a declarative sentence in a sentence type, exciting curiosity in the expression method where hyperbole and figures of speech in rhetorical expressions are used most often. Emotional appeal was used almost twice more than the reasonable appeal for appeal types of the total commercial. The lower level of reasonable appeal is information that provides the product function. Interest and expression (such as pleasure and achievement) were used most often for emotional appeal. These results show that the most important issue is the emotional value in consumption in understanding the consumer. Marketing managers should also be aware of the functional value as well as an emotional value.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.651-668
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• 2014

Wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the wind loads on vertical fixed-roof cylindrical tanks with a very low aspect ratio of 0.275, which is a typical ratio for practical tanks with a volume of $100,000m^3$. Both the flat-roof tank and the dome-roof tank are investigated in present study. The first four moments of the measured wind pressure, including the mean and normalized deviation pressure, kurtosis and skewness of the pressure signal, are obtained to study the feature of the wind loads. It is shown that the wind loads are closely related to the behavior of flow around the structure. For either tank, the mean wind pressures on the cylinder are positive on the windward area and negative on the sides and the wake area, and the mean wind pressures on the whole roof are negative. The roof configurations have no considerable influence on the mean pressure distributions of cylindrical wall in general. Highly non-Gaussian feature is found in either tank. Conditional sampling technique, envelope method, and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis are employed to investigate the characteristics of wind loads on the cylinder in more detail. It is shown that the patterns of wind pressure obtained from conditional sampling are similar to the mean pressure patterns.An instantaneous pressure coefficient can present a wide range from the maximum value to the minimum value. The quasi-steady assumption is not valid for structures considered in this paper according to the POD analysis.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.441-446
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• 2003

Let { $X_{n}$ , n $\geq$ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a common continuous distribution function F(x) and probability density function f(x). Let $Y_{n}$ = max{ $X_1$, $X_2$, …, $X_{n}$ } for n $\geq$ 1. We say $X_{j}$ is an upper record value of { $X_{n}$ , n$\geq$1} if $Y_{j}$ > $Y_{j-1}$, j > 1. The indices at which the upper record values occur are given by the record times {u(n)}, n$\geq$1, where u(n) = min{j｜j>u(n-1), $X_{j}$ > $X_{u}$ (n-1), n$\geq$2} and u(1) = 1. We call the random variable X $\in$ Beta (1, c) if the corresponding probability cumulative function F(x) of x is of the form F(x) = 1-(1-x)$^{c}$ , c>0, 0$\leq$x$\leq$1. In this paper, we will give a characterization of the beta distribution of the first kind by considering conditional expectations of record values.s.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06c
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• pp.223-228
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• 1994

We propose a novel method to incorporate temporal correlations into a speech recognition system based on the conventional hidden Markov model. With the proposed method using the extended logarithmic pool, we approximate a joint conditional PD by separate conditional PD's associated with respective components of conditions. We provide a constrained optimization algorithm with which we can find the optimal value for the pooling weights. The results in the experiments of speaker-independent continuous speech recognition with frame correlations show error reduction by 13.7% with the proposed methods as compared to that without frame correlations.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.165-192
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• 2005

This study introduces how to estimate the monetary value of intellectual capital of a public research institute by incorporating a non-market valuation technique, the choice experiments(CE). CE is a survey-based environmental valuation technique that has increasingly been popular over the last decade. The members of institute E, a typical type of public research institutes in Korea, were surveyed, before the data were fit to the conditional logit and mixed logit models. The total value of the institute's intellectual capital was estimated at approximately W3,377 billion for the year 2003. The institute's human, structural and relational capitals that comprise the intellectual capital were estimated at W18.7 billion, W10.7 billion and W4.4 billion respectively, for each of the components' index values improving by 1%. The human capital was placed a higher value than the other two. The study also shows that CE is a flexible technique that enables the researcher to estimate the monetary value of the intellectual capital whatever the index values of the component capitals and to interpret model estimation results more in depth by incorporating the mixed logit, a state-of-the-art discrete choice model, than the conventional conditional logic.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.169-180
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• 2017

Multivariate GARCH models are interested in conditional variances (volatilities) as well as conditional correlations between return time series. This paper is concerned with high-frequency multivariate financial time series from which realized volatilities and realized conditional correlations of intra-day returns are calculated. Existing multivariate GARCH models are reviewed comparatively with the realized volatility via canonical correlations and value at risk (VaR). Korean stock prices are analysed for illustration.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1341-1364
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• 2023

This article introduces a method for estimating the conditional hazard function of a real-valued response variable based on a functional variable. The method uses local linear estimation of the conditional density and cumulative distribution function and is applied to a functional stationary ergodic process where the explanatory variable is in a semi-metric space and the response is a scalar value. We also examine the uniform almost complete convergence of this estimation technique.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.709-717
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• 2010

The task of association rule mining is to find certain association relationships among a set of data items in a database. There are three primary measures for association rule, support and confidence and lift. In this paper we developed a association rule ranking function using conditional probability increment ratio. We compared our function with several association rule ranking functions by some numerical examples. As the result, we knew that our decision function was better than the existing functions. The reasons were that the proposed function of the reference value is not affected by a particular association threshold, and our function had a value between -1 and 1 regardless of the range for three association thresholds. And we knew that the ranking function using conditional probability increment ratio was very well reflected in the difference between association rule measures and the minimum association rule thresholds, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2004

As a project progresses, it is well known that construction manager has to define the contingency for the expected project cost, which is used as a buffer for uncertainty. In this study, we mention uncertainty as the amount of likelihood that is difficult or impossible to predict project cost. From the completed work package, we obtain the true cost value, and this information is technically good data for estimating the realistic contingency of work packages to be accomplished. Based upon this historical information, construction manager recomputes the contingency for the remaining works. Conditional probability theory is often useful for re-estimating one of the remaining project progress as the true cost of the completed works can be different from the planned cost. As a project is progressing, true value is really important to predict the realistic project budget and to decrease the uncertainty. In this study, we gave applied conditional probability theory to estimating project contingency supposing a project that consists of fire work packages, provide the fundamental framework for setting and controlling project contingency.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 1994

One of the most common problems encountered in the automatic translation of FORTRAN source code to VECTRAN is the occurrence of conditional transfer of control within loops. Transfers of control create control dependencies, in which the execution of a statement is dependent on the value of a variable in another statement. In this paper I propose algorithms involve an attempt to convert statements in the loop into conditional assignment statements that can be easily analyzed for data dependency, and this paper presents a simplification method for conditional assignment statement. Especially, I propose not only a method for simplifying boolean functions but extended method for n-state functions.