• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.4-12
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• 1995

In the sense of eigenstructure (eigenvalues/eignenvectors) assignment, the effectiveness and disturbance suppressibility of a controller depend mainly on the left eigenstructure (eignevalues/left eigenvectors) of a system. On the other hand, the disturbance decouplability is governed by the right eigenstructure (eignevalues/right eigenvectors) of the system. In this paper, in order to obtain a disturbance decouplable as well as effetive and disturbance suppressible controller, a concurrent assignment methodology of the left and right eigenstructure is proposed. The biorthogonality condition between the left and right modal matrix and state selection matrices are used to develop the methodology. The proposed concurrent eigenstructure assignment methodology guarantees that the desired eigenvalues are achieved exactly and the desired left and right eigenvectors are assigned to the best possible (achievable) sets of eigenvectors in the least square sense, respectively. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity and usefulness of the proposed methodology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7309-7313
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• 2015

Background: The organ preservation approach of choice for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers is concurrent chemoradiation with three weekly high doses of cisplatin. Although this is an efficacious treatment policy, it has high acute systemic and mucosal toxicities, which lead to frequent treatment breaks and increased overall treatment time. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly cisplatin. Materials and Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective study including the data of 266 locally advanced head and neck cancer patients who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly cisplatin from January 2012 to January 2014. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be significant statistically for all purposes in the study. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 48.8 years. Some 36.1% of the patients had oral cavity primary tumors. The mean overall treatment time was 57.2 days. With a mean follow up of 15.2 months for all study patients and 17.5 months for survivors, 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival were seen in 62.8%, 42.8% and 42.1% of the study patients. Primary tumor site, nodal stage of disease, AJCC stage of the disease and number of cycles of weekly cisplatin demonstrated statistically significant correlations with 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with moderate dose weekly cisplatin is an efficacious treatment regime for locally advanced head and neck cancers with tolerable toxicity which can be used in developing countries with limited resources.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권51호
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• pp.231-240
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• 1999

A major concern in Concurrent Engineering is the control and management of workload in a period of process. As a general rule, leveling the peak of workload in certain period is difficult because concurrent processing is comprised of various processes, including overlapping, paralleling looping and so on. Therefore, the workload management with resource constraints is so beneficial that effective methods to analyze design process are momentous. This study presents the Timed Petri Nets approach of precedence logic networks, and provides an alternative for users to analyze constraint processes to resolve conflicts of resources. Another approach to Continuous Time Markov Chain using Stochastic Petri Nets is also proposed. These approaches are expected to facilitate resolving resource constrained scheduling problems more systematically in Concurrent Engineering environment.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.106-106
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• 1999

When we design real-time software target system is analyzed and then we structure sequential executive modules into concurrent tasks. As a result of the analysis, control flow and dataflow diagram based on the RTSA notation is produced. This diagram is structured into concurrenttasks under the condition that performance problem is not serious. The criteria structuring concurrenttasks are introduced as Concurrent Design Approach for Real-Time System(CODARTS) by Gomaa.But structuring concurrent tasks using the criteria of CODARTS is somewhat difficult because thecriteria are dependent on designer's experience. CODARTS is an wide-range and abstractmethodology. As a result, the design can be inconsistent and peoples can understand it differently Inthis paper, we restructure the CODARTS methodology, propose a revised CODARTS structure andrepresent the task structuring steps for this new framework to overcome the understanding andinconsistency problems. The revised CODARTS framework and task structuring steps can be used toautomate the design of real time concurrent software systems. Finally, we show an example of taskstructuring in revised CODARTS framework.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.883-886
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• 1998

We introduce a high level synthesis methodlogoy for automatic synthesis of asynchronous circuits form a language based on CSP. The input language is a high level concurrent algorithmic specification that can model complex concurrent control flow, logical and arithmetic computation and communications between them. This specification is translated into petri net which has actions. These actions are refined to synthesize the controllers and to allocate the data resources. We use the automatic synthesis through signal transition graphs (STGs) that allows to take advantage of logic synthsis methods to optimize the circuit.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale (TCMS) and examine the reliability and concurrent validity of the K-TCMS in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Subjects for the study were 23 children with cerebral palsy (CP)(mean age: 84.70 months) recruited from one CP clinic. For the interrater and test-retest reliabilities, four raters (A, B, C, D) measured the K-TCMS two times using video clips with an interval of two weeks. For the concurrent validity, the Korean version of the gross motor function measure (K-GMFM) was chosen. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the three K-TCMS subscale (static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance and dynamic reaching) scores and the total scores were investigated using the intra-correlation coefficient ($ICC_{3,1}$). Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to investigate the concurrent validity. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the K-TCMS subscales and total scores were all high ($ICC_{3,1}=0.968-0.992$). For the test-retest reliability, $ICC_{3,1}=0.827-0.962$. The concurrent validity between the K-TCMS's total and three subscale scores and K-GMFM's total score were r=0.600-0.667. Conclusion: The results suggest that the K-TCMS can be used in clinical and research settings as a standardized tool for CP children. The K-TCMS might be also useful for selecting treatment goals and planning interventions for children with cerebral palsy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3961-3965
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• 2012

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of concurrent radiochemotherapy with those of radiotherapy in treating locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa). Methods: A total of 95 patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa) were divided into two groups: concurrent radiochemotherapy (Group CCRT, n=49) and radiotherapy (Group RT, n=46). The two groups were both delivered conventional fractionated radiotherapy, while Group CCRT also received three cycles of PF (DDP+5-Fu) or PLF (DDP+5-Fu+CF) chemotherapy. Results: The complete remission rate and total remission rate of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT ($X^2$=4.72~7.19, P<0.05). The one-year overall survival (OS) rate calculated by the life table method, was also higher than that of Group RT ($X^2$=4.24, P<0.05) as well as the 3-year OS rate, nasopharyngeal control rate and cervical lymph nodes' control rate ($X^2$=4.28~4.40, P<0.05). In addition, the 5-year OS and metastasis-free rates of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT and the differences were of statistical importance ($X^2$=3.96~8.26, P<0.05). However, acute toxicity was also obviously higher, the difference in gastrointestinal reactions being statistically significant ($X^2$=11.70, P<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that concurrent radiochemotherapy could improve the remission rate, overall survival rate and locally control rate. The toxicity of concurrent radiochemotherapy could be tolerated by the patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8987-8992
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• 2014

Background: The efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer is well established. We aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer in the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 60 patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin followed by intracavitary brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost between November 2001 and May 2008 were analysed. Patients were initially treated with weekly intravenous cisplatin ($40mg/m^2$) concurrent with daily EBRT to pelvis of 45-50Gy followed by low dose rate brachytherapy or EBRT boost to tumour. Local control rate, progression free survival, overall survival and treatment related toxicities graded by the RTOG criteria were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 56. At the median follow-up of 72 months, the estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS 39 months) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) (median OS 51 months) were 48% and 50% respectively. The 5-year local control rate was 67.3%. Grade 3-4 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity occurred in 9.3% of patients. Conclusions: The 5-year PFS and the 5-year OS in this cohort were lower than in other institutions. More advanced stage at presentation, longer overall treatment time (OTT) of more than fifty-six days and lower total dose to point A were the potential factors contributing to a lower survival.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2008

Purpose：This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Material and Methods：From Mar 2000 to June 2005, 18 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma completed planned concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Stages were I in 1 patients, II in 2 patients, III in 7 patients and IV in 8 patients. Pathologic type was squamous cell carcinoma(WHO type 1) in 2 patients, non-keratinizing type(WHO type 2) in 8 patients and undifferetiated carcinoma(WHO type 3) in 8 patients. The follow up period ranged from 30 months to 95 months with a median of 56 months. Follow up was possible in all patients. Results：Response to concurrent chemoradiation therapy was a complete response in all patients. Patterns of failure were as follows：local recurrence in only one patient(5.6%) and distant metastases in three patients with N3 diseases(16.7%). The overall 5 year survival rates were 88.5%, the 5 year disease free survival rate was 77% and these were very good results. There were no significant differences in the local control and survival rates between the clinical stages and pathologic types. Conclusion：The outcome of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was very good, even though most of the patients(15/18=83.3%) were in stage III and IV diseases. We concluded that concurrrent chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma showed the good local control and survival rates without significant complications. In the patients with N3 disease, we have to consider the more effective and strong chemotherapeutic regimens to prevent distant metastases.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.230-235
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• 1996

Eigenstructure (eigenvalues/eigenvectors) assignment has been shown to be a useful tool for flight control system design. In the sense of the eigenstructure assignment, the effectiveness and disturbance suppressibility of a controller depend mainly on the left eigenstructure (eigenvalues/left eigenvectors) of a system. On the other hand, the disturbance decouplability is governed by the right eigenstructure (eigenvalues/right eigenvectors) of the system. In this paper, in order to obtain a disturbance decouplable as well as effective and disturbance suppressible controller, a concurrent assignment methodology of the left and right eigenstructures is proposed. The biorthogonality condition between the left and right modal matrices of a system as well as the relations between the achievable right modal matrix and state selection matrices are used to develop the methodology. The proposed concurrent eigenstructure assignment methodology guarantees that the desired eigenvalues are achieved exactly and the desired left and right eigenvectors are assigned to the best possible(achievable) sets of eigenvectors in the least square sense, respectively. The proposed design methodology is applied to designing a lateral flight control system for an L-1011 aircraft with disturbances.