• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-37
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• 2020

We conducted a comprehensive review on the previous research on r-Learning. By reviewing 843 previous studies about r-Learning published from 2004 to 2015, this study investigated 1) the trend of research on r-Learning over time, 2) the characteristics of targeted students in r-Learning, 3) the educational activities implemented for r-Learning, and 4) the types of educational robots used for r-Learning. The study found that the research on r-Learning has rapidly and steadily increased and the types of educational activities and educational robots has been diversified. Relying on the findings of this review, this study suggests 1) ensuring growth in both the quality and the quantity of research on r-Learning, 2) broadening the target student population of r-Learning beyond the age-limited boundaries, 3) enhancing educational activities of r-Learning, and 4) recognizing the necessity for systematic and clear concepts of types of educational robots.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2020

ACM's CSTA has drafted standards for computing curricula and recommended them to schools in the United States. The five core concepts of the US elementary school computing curriculum are computing systems, network and the Internet, data and analysis, algorithms and programming, and impacts of computing. In 2005, Korea prepared ICT education guidelines, including five fields, their subfields, and achievement criteria for each subfield. In the 2015 revised curriculum, software education was introduced and five achievement standards were set. The ACM CSTA has 18 achievement criteria up to K-2 and 21 achievement criteria up to K-5. If we compare the 39 achievement standards of the US to Korea, Korea's 2005 ICT education guidelines include 25 of these, and the 2015 revised curriculum includes 5 of them. In this study, we aim to study the CSTA achievement criteria that second graders should know and the achievement criteria that fifth graders should know. This is compared and analyzed with Korea's 2005 ICT Guidelines and 2015 Software Curriculum. In comparison with the number of achievement standards, the US elementary school's computing achievement standards are much higher than in Korea. Comparing with each standard, there are many areas that are not covered in Korean curriculum, and we can see that the 2015 curriculum has rather receded from 2005.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.265-275
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of educational environment on satisfaction among trainees of beauty vocational training institutions. By examining the literature of previous studies, the research model and research hypothesis were established, and empirical analysis was conducted through questionnaires to establish theoretical concepts and identify variables of the educational environment to verify the effects on trainee satisfaction. A questionnaire was collected from 180 beauty trainees in Gyeong-gi, Seoul, and the collected data was analyzed using AMOS 22.0. As a result of this study, first, it was found that the educational environment had a significant positive effect on the NCS education method and instructor competency. Second, the NCS education method had a negative effect on the trainee satisfaction. Third, it was found that the instructor's competency had a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of trainees. Based on the study results, implications and limitations were presented.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.232-237
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• 2020

Given the recent pace of development and expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, the influence and ripple effects of AI technology on the whole of our lives will be very large and spread rapidly. The National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategy, published in 2019, emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence education for K-12 students. It also mentions STEM education, AI convergence curriculum, and budget for supporting the development of teaching materials and tools. However, it is necessary to create a new type of curriculum at a time when artificial intelligence curriculum has never existed before. With many attempts and discussions going very fast in all countries on almost the same starting line. Also, there is no suitable professor for K-12 students, and it is difficult to make K-12 students understand the concept of AI. In particular, it is difficult to teach elementary school students through professional programming in AI education. It is also difficult to learn tools that can teach AI concepts. In this paper, we propose an educational model for elementary school students to improve their understanding of AI through play or experience. This an experiential education model that combineds exploratory learning and discovery learning using multi-intelligence and the PLAY teaching-learning model to undertand the importance of data training or data required for AI education. This educational model is designed to learn how a computer that knows only binary numbers through UA recognizes images. Through code.org, students were trained to learn AI robots and configured to understand data bias like play. In addition, by learning images directly on a computer through TeachableMachine, a tool capable of supervised learning, to understand the concept of dataset, learning process, and accuracy, and proposed the process of AI inference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2021

This study is an action study that plans a instructional strategy for improving experimental activities and interactions in online science classes and suggests improvement plans based on the results. To this end, from July 7 to September 9, 2020, the 'Earth and the Moon' unit class was conducted for 20 6th grade elementary school students located in G Metropolitan City. For the class, smart devices and alternative experiments were planned in the experimental activity category, and an online chat room and Q&A strategy were planned in the interaction category. Among the collected data, class activity papers, homework assignments, reflection journals, online conversation contents, and Q&A contents were input into the matrix and analyzed by writing analytical texts. As a result of the implementation, smart devices and alternative experiments provided opportunities for exploration, but there was a risk of misconception formation and hindered experimental activities. The online chat room and Q&A provided opportunities for communication and examination and feedback on scientific concepts. Through this action study, the researcher was able to reflect on the class while writing class reflection notes, and suggested the role of smart devices in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency of science classes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.199-204
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, became an opportunity for unprecedented global reflection and change. And it served as an opportunity to promote a new paradigm in all areas of society, including politics, economy, culture, and industry. In the midst of this upheaval, the 2022 IAA exhibition, which was held in four years, was held as an exhibition that even proposed new concepts of smart logistics and mobility services. Among them, various concepts were also proposed in exhibitions related to last mile mobility, the focus of this study.As a result of this study, the main trend of last mile mobility shown in the IAA 2022 exhibition is that the property of physical products with functions as social interfaces is expanding into the PSS (Product-Service System) ecosystem in which products and services are systematically linked. As a result, the need for a methodological approach that can organically link the design planning of social services and the development of products corresponding to it was derived.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.257-278
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• 2021

As the definition of the vendor-oriented implementation method, which was utilized in adopting an ERP system, has been centered around the project construction business, it was difficult for the EPR adopting organization to systematically prepare ERP projects and have enough deliberative opportunities to change-related policies. Furthermore, this method does not have a fully standardized construction process. Accordingly, by defining an organization that wants to adopt an ERP system as a customer, this paper develops the customer-based ERP construction process framework that assists both customers and developers who construct the system. For this purpose, this paper reviews the previous research and collects the construction processes of the commercial ERP SW vendor and ERP construction cases while proposing the three-layer process framework to construct ERP through the KJ method. The ERP process framework consists of 7 processes, 32 activities, 141 tasks while providing definitions for concepts of each component. Furthermore, the proposed processes and phases were set in order of the recommended execution, while the activities were suggested as an open-ended type so that the application and usability can be increased and polished by reflecting experts' opinions. The contribution of this study is to standardize the ERP project process by transforming the previous supplier-based ERP construction method into the customer-based one while providing important procedure and activity frameworks that apply to diverse ERP solutions per vendor. At the same time, this study provides an theoretical foundation to develop the construction process for the customer -based Cloud ERP. In practice, At the beginning of the ERP system construction project, it provides communication or process tailoring tools for the stakeholder.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of students' formation of evolutionary concept and learning on the development of digital teaching materials. The explanation of biological evolution, which explains the changes that living organisms undergo over a long period of time, can provide various contents for use in a book. The production and editing of images in digital textbooks would provide explanation of difficult concepts in a fun way. For this study, we designed instructional materials consisting of four class hours using iBooks Author, an electronic book authoring tool based on the 5E learning cycle model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed digital textbooks, we compared instructions by the general textbooks to those using digital textbooks. Both teaching through general textbook form and teaching using digital textbook materials had a significant effect on the formation of the concept of evolution, but interest in biological science and evolution increased significantly only in the group taught using digital textbooks. As a result of testing the instruction effect by the digital textbooks by classifying the students by type, the group that is familiar with smart devices was more active and interesting in class depending on digital literacy. The satisfaction of the developed digital textbooks also showed a positive score in the group with high digital literacy. The results of this study suggest that the development of digital textbooks in the unit of evolution can be an instructional material for easy and interesting approach to difficult concepts in the teaching of evolution.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.297-303
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the characteristics, concepts, types, and strategies of unplugged coding for young children based on computing thinking. The key to unplugged coding for young children is computing thinking. Unplugged coding based on computing thinking for young children can be used to solve problems that can be encountered in everyday life through playing games based on logical thinking by positively utilizing algorithm boards, s-blocks, coding robots, and smart devices without using programs And find new ways to play. Types of unplugged coding for young children include direct input to smart devices, using coding robots with dedicated apps, practicing coding procedures using algorithms, and using hybrid methods. Strategies include understanding algorithms, drawing flowcharts, dividing into smaller parts, finding patterns, inserting, and predicting outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

The future energy consumption pattern will show a very different pattern from the present due to the increase of distributed power sources such as renewable energy and the birth of the concept of prosumers, etc. Accordingly, it can be predicted that the direction of establishment of an appropriate production and supply plan considering the stability and consumption efficiency of the entire power grid will also be different from now. This paper proposes a simulation model that can test a new operational strategy when faced with a number of possible future environments. Through the proposed model, it is possible to simulate and analyze power consumed and supplied in a future Smart Grid environment, in which a large amount of new concepts including energy storage service (ESS) and distributed energy resources (DER) will be added. In particular, it is possible to model complex systems structurally by using DEVS formalism among the ABM (Agent-Based Model) methodologies that can model decision-making for each agent existing in the grid, and several factors can be easily added to the grid. The simulation model was verified using given dataset in the current situation, and scenario analysis was performed by simply adding an ESS, one of the main elements of the smart grid, to the model.